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Dementia is a broad clinical term used to describe a group of illnesses that have common symptoms but different origins. There are hundreds of different types of dementia, but by far the most common is Alzheimer’s disease (Winblad et al, 2016). Age is the single strongest risk factor for dementia (WHO, 2019), but some rarer types of dementia, such as frontotemporal dementia, can occur in younger to middle-aged adults (Jefferies and Aggrawal, 2009). Around the world, about 50 million people have dementia, of whom about 10 million live in Europe (WHO, 2019). However, population ageing means that over the next 30 years the numbers of people likely to develop dementia will reach 131 million. The biggest increase will be among people living in low- to middle-income countries, as this is where population ageing is happening fastest (WHO, 2015a). Dementia does not only incur emotional and social costs; its economic cost is very considerable. For example, in 2018 the global cost of dementia was estimated to be circa $1 trillion (ADI, 2015). Accordingly, the magnitude of dementia should not be underestimated.
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