6: Time, planning and timescapes for the future

Authors:
Mark Dobson
and
Gavin Parker
Publication Date:
26 Apr 2024
Pages:
140–155
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51952/9781447367734.ch006
Restricted access
Rights and permissions Cite this chapter
Buy article/chapter (
GBP  £20.00
)

This final chapter summarises the main arguments of the book and argues for a more reflective planning and practice that takes time and its implications more seriously. It reflects on planning timescapes as oriented towards neoliberal speed-growth agendas, such as project speed, in order to assist in problematising existing approach(es) to planning. In doings so, the case is made that there is much more at stake than simply whether planning is ‘fast’ or ‘slow’; instead, far greater emphasis is required about what we are planning for and why. A reset of planning systems away from short-term political and business agendas and towards considering longer-term challenges requires a rethinking of normative principles and overall goals, as well as, it follows, a reshaping of the timescape(s) of planning in order to fashion proper time(s). This assemblage should feature the central tenets of inclusion, deliberation and public interest as design principles for planning systems, processes and practices. How time is conceptualised, challenged, managed and practised by different actors with a stake in planning and its outcomes appears critical to just, sustainable futures. It concludes by outlining a research agenda in which understandings of time in and for planning can be further developed to advance practice.

  • Abram, S. (2014) ‘The time it takes’: temporalities of planning. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 20: 129–47.

  • Abram, S. and Weszkalnys, G. (2011) Introduction: anthropologies of planning. Temporality, imagination, and ethnography. Focal, 61: 3–18.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Adam, B. (1990) Time and Social Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press.

  • Adam, B. (1995) Timewatch: A Social Analysis of Time. Cambridge: Polity Press.

  • Adam, B. (2004) Time. Cambridge: Polity Press.

  • Adam, B. (2008) Of timespaces, futurescapes and timeprints. Lecture presented at Lüneburg University, 17 June.

  • Adams, D. and Watkins, C. (2014) Value of Planning, RTPI Research Report No. 5, June. London: RTPI.

  • Adams, D., O’Sullivan, M., Inch, A., Tait, M., Watkins, C. and Harris, M. (2016) Delivering the Value of Planning, RTPI Research Report No. 16, August. London: RTPI.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Adkins, L. (2004) Reflexivity: freedom or habit of gender? In L. Adkins and B. Skeggs (eds) Feminism after Bourdieu. Oxford: Blackwell, pp 191–210.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Adkins, L. (2009) Sociological futures: from clock time to event time. Sociological Research Online, 14(4): 88–92.

  • Agger, A. and Löfgren, K. (2008) Democratic assessment of collaborative planning processes. Planning Theory, 7(2): 145–64.

  • Airey, J. and Doughty, C. (2020) Rethinking the Planning System for the 21st Century. London: Policy Exchange.

  • Albrechts, L. (2013) Reframing strategic spatial planning by using a coproduction perspective. Planning Theory, 12(1): 46–63.

  • Alexander, E. (1992) Approaches to Planning. Philadelphia, PA: Gordon and Breach.

  • Allmendinger, P. (2016) Neoliberal Spatial Governance. London: Routledge.

  • Allmendinger, P. (2017) Planning Theory, 3rd edn. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

  • Allmendinger, P. and Haughton, G. (2013) The evolution and trajectories of English spatial governance: ‘neoliberal’ episodes in planning. Planning Practice & Research, 28(1): 6–26.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Archer, T. and Cole, I. (2016) Profits before Volume? Major Housebuilders and the Crisis of Housing Supply. Sheffield: Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research, Sheffield Hallum University.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Archer, T. and Cole, I. (2021) The financialisation of housing production: exploring capital flows and value extraction among major housebuilders in the UK. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment: 1–21.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Arnstein, S.R. (1969) A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4): 216–24.

  • Atkinson, W. (2019) Time for Bourdieu: insights and oversights. Time & Society, 28(3): 951–70.

  • Austin, I. (2011) A Guide to Planning Performance Agreements. London: British Property Federation and Department of Communities and Local Government.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bain, A. and Landau, F. (2019) Artists, temporality, and the governance of collaborative place-making. Urban Affairs Review, 55(2): 405–27.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ball, M. (2011) Planning delay and the responsiveness of English housing supply. Urban Studies, 48(2): 349–62.

  • Barnet Council (2023) Pre-application and fast track guidance notes and fees schedule. Available at: www.barnet.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2022-12/planning-pricing-brochure-pre-app-and-fast-track-fees-2023.pdf (accessed 28 March 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Barnett, C. and Low, M. (eds) (2004) Spaces of Democracy: Geographical Perspectives on Citizenship, Participation and Representation. London: Sage.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bastian, M. (2014) Time and community: a scoping study. Time & Society, 23(2): 137–166.

  • Beebeejaun, Y. (2012) Including the excluded? Changing the understandings of ethnicity in contemporary English planning. Planning Theory & Practice, 13(4): 529–48.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Biebricher, T. and Johnson, E. (2012) What’s wrong with neoliberalism? New Political Science, 34(2): 202–11.

  • Booth, P. (2003) Planning by Consent: The Origins and Nature of British Development Control. London: Routledge.

  • Booth, P. (2020) Will zoning offer more flexibility, speed and efficiency than the discretionary system? In TCPA (ed) The Wrong Answers to the Wrong Questions? London: TCPA, pp 29–32.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bourdieu, P. (1977) Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • Bourdieu, P. (1984) Distinction. A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. London: Routledge.

  • Bourdieu, P. (1992) The Logic of Practice. New York, NJ: Wiley & Sons.

  • Bourdieu, P. (1998) Practical Reason. On the Theory of Action. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

  • Bourdieu, P. (2000) Pascalian Meditations. Cambridge: Polity Press.

  • Bourdieu, P. and Passeron, J.-P. (1977) Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London: Sage.

  • Bourdieu, P. and Wacquant, L. (1992) An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

  • Bouricius, T. (2017) Sortition: envisaging a new form of democracy that enables decision-making for long-term sustainability. In J. Hartz-Karp and D. Marinova (eds) Methods for Sustainability Research. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp 129–41.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Breach, A. (2020) Planning for the Future: How Flexible Zoning Will End the Housing Crisis. London: Centre for Cities.

  • Briassoulis, H. (2023) The making of good public plans. Phronesis, phronetic planning research and assemblage thinking. Planning Theory, 22(1): 58–84.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bristow, A. and Nellthorp, J. (2000) Transport project appraisal in the European Union. Transport Policy, 7(1): 51–60.

  • Bristow, T. (2008) Evaluating the effectiveness of planning performance agreements in involving communities in the orchestration of complex development proposals. MSc Dissertation, University College London, UK.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Brody, S., Godschalk, D. and Burby, R. (2003) Mandating citizen participation in plan making: six strategic planning choices. Journal of the American Planning Association, 69(3): 245–64.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Brownill, S. (2020) How can we make planning more democratic? In TCPA (ed) The Right Answers to the Right Questions. London: Town and Country Planning Association.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Brownill, S. and Bradley, Q. (2017) Localism and Neighbourhood Planning. Power to the People? Bristol: Policy Press.

  • Buitelaar, E. (2020) If neoliberalism is everything, maybe it is nothing. Planning Theory, 19(4): 485–8.

  • Cameron, D. (2011) Speech to the Conservative Party Spring Forum. 6 March, Cardiff, UK.

  • Campbell, H. (2002) Planning: an idea of value. Town Planning Review, 73(3): 271–88.

  • Campbell, H. (2006) Just planning: the art of situated ethical judgment. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 26(1): 92–106.

  • Campbell, H. and Marshall, R. (2002) Utilitarianism’s bad breath? A re-evaluation of the public interest justification for planning. Planning Theory, 1(2): 163–87.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Carney, M. (2021) Values: An Economist’s Guide to Everything That Matters. London: William Collins.

  • CBP (Campaign for Better Planning) (2021) Six tests for planning. July. Available at: www.cpre.org.uk/resources/six-tests-for-planning/ (accessed 17 February 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Chancellor, E. (2022) The Price of Time: The Real Story of Interest. London: Allen Lane.

  • Charbgoo, N. and Mareggi, M. (2020) A framework for time studies in urban planning: assessment of comprehensive planning in the case of Tehran. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 47(6): 1098–114.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Cheshire, P. (2018) Broken market or broken policy? The unintended consequences of restrictive planning. National Institute Economic Review, 245(1): 9–19.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Chilvers, J. and Kearnes, M. (eds) (2016) Remaking Participation: Science, Environment and Emergent Publics. Abingdon: Routledge.

  • Chilvers, J. and Kearnes, M. (2020) Remaking participation in science and democracy. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 45(3): 347–80.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Clarke, P. (1996) Deep Citizenship. London: Pluto Press.

  • Clegg, S. (1989) Frameworks of Power. London: Sage.

  • Clifford, B. (2016) ‘Clock-watching and box-ticking’: British local authority planners, professionalism and performance targets. Planning Practice & Research, 31(4): 383–401.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Clifford, B. (2018) Contemporary challenges in development management. In J. Tomaney and J. Ferm (eds) Planning Practice. Critical Perspectives from the UK .London: Routledge, pp 55–69.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Cohen, E.F. (2018) The Political Value of Time: Citizenship, Duration, and Democratic Justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • Colenutt, B. (2020) The Property Lobby: The Hidden Reality behind the Housing Crisis. Bristol: Policy Press.

  • Connelly, S. and Richardson, T. (2004) Exclusion: the necessary difference between ideal and practical consensus. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 47(1): 3–17.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Curato, N., Hammond, M. and Min, J. (2019) Power in Deliberative Democracy: Norms, Forums, Systems. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

  • Czarniawska, B. (2004) On time, space, and action nets. Organization, 11(6): 773–91.

  • Datta, A. (2019) Postcolonial urban futures: imagining and governing India’s smart urban age. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 37(3): 393–410.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Davoudi, S. (2017) Spatial planning: the promised land or rolled-out neoliberalism? In M. Gunder, A. Madanipour and V. Watson (eds) The Routledge Handbook of Planning Theory. London: Routledge, pp 15–27.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Davoudi, S. and Atkinson, R. (1999) Social exclusion and the British planning system. Planning Practice and Research, 14(2): 225–36.

  • DCLG (Department for Communities and Local Government) (2009) Development Management: Proactive Planning from Pre-application to Delivery .London: DCLG.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • DCLG (2013) Planning Performance and the Planning Guarantee: Government Response to Consultation. London: DCLG.

  • DCLG (2014) Determining a planning application. National Planning Guidance Para 002 Reference ID: 21b-002-20140306, updated 6 March. Available at: www.gov.uk/guidance/determining-a-planning-application (accessed 13 November 2022).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • De Liddo, A. and Buckingham-Shum, S. (2010) Capturing and representing deliberation in participatory planning practices. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Online Deliberation (OD2010), 30 June–2 July, Leeds, UK.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • De Magalhães, C., Sonia Freire-Trigo, S., Gallent, N., Scanlon, K. and Christine Whitehead, C. (2018) Planning Risk and Development, RTPI Research Paper, April. London: RTPI.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Dean, M. (1994) Critical and Effective Histories: Foucault's Methods and Historical Sociology. London: Routledge.

  • Deer, C. (2012) Doxa, In M. Grenfell (ed) Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts. London: Routledge, pp 118–24.

  • DfT (Department for Transport) (2021) Launch of Project SPEED challenges rail industry to cut time and costs of rail upgrades. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/launch-of-project-speed-challenges-rail-industry-to-cut-time-and-costs-of-rail-upgrades (last accessed 9 February 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Dinan, W. and Miller, D. (2022) Managing the climate apocalypse: think tanks, policy planning groups, and the corporate capture of sustainable development. In A. Hansen and R. Cox (eds) The Routledge Handbook of Environment and Communication. London: Routledge, pp 86–99.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • DLUHC (Department of Levelling Up, Housing and Communities) (2019) Determining a planning application. National Planning Guidance Para. 024 Reference ID: 21b-024-20190315, updated 15 March. Available at: www.gov.uk/guidance/determining-a-planning-application (accessed 17 July 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • DLUHC (2022a) Government Response to the Levelling Up, Housing and Communities Select Committee Report on the Future of the Planning System in England, Policy Paper CP673. London: DLUHC.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • DLUHC (2022b) Housing delivery test: 2021 measurement. Available at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/housing-delivery-test-2021-measurement (accessed 8 November 2022).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • DLUHC (2022c) Levelling up: levelling up the United Kingdom. White Paper. UK Government. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/levelling-up-the-united-kingdom

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • DLUHC (2023) Increasing Planning Fees and Performance: Technical Consultation. London: DLUHC. Available at: www.gov.uk/government/consultations/increasing-planning-fees-and-performance-technical-consultation (accessed 3 March 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Dobry, G. (1974) Review of the Development Control System: Interim Report. London: HMSO.

  • Dobry, G. (1975) Review of the Development Control System: Final Report. February. London: HMSO.

  • Dobson, A. (2003) Citizenship and the Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  • Dobson, M. and Parker, G. (2023a) Words (in)action: the orchestration of participation in planning through statements of community involvement in England. Town Planning Review, 94(5): 491–512.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Dobson, M. and Parker, G. (2023b) The moral economy of localism in England: neighbourhood planning as neoliberal ‘apprentice piece’. Territory, Politics and Governance, DOI: 10.1080/21622671.2023.2184856

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Dunning, D. (2011) The Dunning–Kruger effect: on being ignorant of one’s own ignorance. In Zanna, M.P. and Olson, J.M. (eds) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol 44. Amsterdam: Academic Press, pp 247–96.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Dunt, I. (2023) How Westminster Works … and Why It Doesn’t. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

  • Eastleigh Borough Council (2017) Local plan 2016–2036: local development scheme. Available at: https://www.eastleigh.gov.uk/planning-and-building/planning-policy-and-implementation/local-plan (accessed 6 November 2022).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Elias, N. (1992) Time: An Essay. Oxford: Blackwell.

  • Ellis, H. (2020) Foreword. In Town and Country Planning Association (ed) The Wrong Answers to the Wrong Questions: Countering the Misconceptions Driving the Government’s Planning Reform Agenda. London: TCPA, pp 1–2.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Evans, A. (2004) Economics and Land Use Planning. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

  • Evans, A. and Hartwich, O. (2007) The Best Laid Plans: How Planning Prevents Economic Growth. London: Policy Exchange. Available at: https://policyexchange.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/the-best-laid-plans-jan-07.pdf (accessed 21 February 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ewing, D. (1972) The time dimension. In D. Ewing (ed) Long Range Planning for Management. New York: Harper & Row, pp 439–50.

  • Fainstein, S. (2017) Urban planning and social justice. In M. Gunder, A. Madanipour and V. Watson (eds) Routledge Handbook of Planning Theory. London: Routledge, pp 130–42.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Felt, U. (2016) The temporal geographies of participation. In J. Chilvers and M. Kearnes (eds) Remaking Participation: Science, Environment and Emergent Publics. Abingdon: Routledge, pp 178–98.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ferm, J., Clifford, B., Canelas, P. and Livingstone, N. (2021) Emerging problematics of deregulating the urban: the case of permitted development in England. Urban Studies, 58(10): 2040–58.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Firestone, J., Hoen, B., Rand, J., Elliott, D., Hübner, G. and Pohl, J. (2018) Reconsidering barriers to wind power projects: community engagement, developer transparency and place. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 20(3): 370–86.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Fishkin, J. (2009) When the People Speak: Deliberative Democracy and Public Consultation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  • Fletcher, N. (2023) Request for a debate on 15 minute cities and 20 minute neighbourhoods. Hansard, 9 February, Business of the House, Vol 727, Col 1042. Available at: https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2023-02-09/debates/306A686A-9B53-42BE-9367-C12AB4771504/BusinessOfTheHouse#contribution-94431A3F-FEB8-4A2C-B979-1EE81B5F1FFF (accessed 16 February 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Flinders, M. and Moon, D. (2011) The problem of letting go: the ‘Big Society’, accountable governance and ‘the curse of the decentralizing minister’. Local Economy, 26(8): 652–62.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Flyvbjerg, B. (2001) Making Social Science Matter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • Flyvbjerg, B. (2004) Phronetic planning research: theoretical and methodological reflections. Planning Theory and Practice, 5(3): 283–306.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Forester, J. (1980) Critical theory and planning practice. Journal of the American Planning Association, 46(3): 275–86.

  • Forester, J. (1999) The Deliberative Practitioner: Encouraging Participatory Planning Processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

  • Forester, J. (2022) Options analysis as context-responsiveness in practice: integrating diagnosis, expertise, and negotiation (refining communicative planning and critical pragmatism). Planning Theory & Practice, 23(5): 663–80.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Foye, C. (2022) Framing the housing crisis: how think-tanks frame politics and science to advance policy agendas. Geoforum, 134: 71–81.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Friedman, J. (2011) Insurgencies: Essays in Planning Theory. London: Routledge.

  • Friedman, W. (1990) About Time: Inventing the Fourth Dimension. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

  • Fuchs, M. and Scharmanski, A. (2009) Counteracting path dependencies: ‘rational’ investment decisions in the globalising commercial property market. Environment and Planning A, 41(11): 2724–40.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Fung, A. and Wright, E. (2003) Deepening Democracy. Institutional Innovations in Empowered Participatory Governance. London: Verso.

  • Gallent, N., De Magalhaes, C., Freire-Trigo, S., Scanlon, K. and Whitehead, C. (2019) Can ‘permission in principle’ for new housing in England increase certainty, reduce ‘planning risk’, and accelerate housing supply? Planning Theory & Practice, 20(5): 673–88.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Galuszka, J. (2019) What makes urban governance co-productive? Contradictions in the current debate on co-production. Planning Theory, 18(1): 143–60.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • GLA (Greater London Authority) (2018) Affordable housing and viability supplementary planning guidance. Available at: www.london.gov.uk/programmes-strategies/planning/implementing-london-plan/london-plan-guidance-and-spgs/affordable-housing-and-viability-supplementary-planning-guidance-spg (accessed 28 March 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Goetz, K. and Mayer-Sahling, J.-H. (2009) Political time in the EU: dimensions, perspectives, theories. Journal of European Public Policy, 16(2): 180–201.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Graham, S. and Healey, P. (1999) Relational concepts of space and place: issues for planning theory and practice. European Planning Studies, 7(5): 623–46.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Gray, J. (2013) Isaiah Berlin: An Interpretation of His Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

  • Grenfell, M. (ed) (2012) Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts. Second Edition. London: Routledge.

  • Grube, D. (2022) Why Governments Get It Wrong. And How They Can Get It Right. London: Pan Books.

  • Guildford Borough Council (2019) Guildford Borough local plan strategy and sites (2015–2034). Available at: https://www.guildford.gov.uk/guildfordlocalplan (accessed 19 October 2022).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Gunder, M. (2010) Making planning theory matter: a Lacanian encounter with phronesis. International Planning Studies, 15(1): 37–51.

  • Gunder, M. and Hillier, J. (2016) Planning in Ten Words or Less: A Lacanian Entanglement with Spatial Planning. London: Routledge.

  • Habermas, J. (2001) The Postnational Constellation: Political Essays. Cambridge: MIT Press.

  • Habermas, J. (2009) Europe: The Faltering Project. Cambridge: Polity Press.

  • Hall, S. (1996) Introduction. In S. Hall, D. Held, D. Hubert and K. Thompson (eds) Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies. Cambridge: Blackwell, pp 3–18.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hall, S., Massey, D. and Rustin, M. (2013) After neoliberalism: analysing the present. Soundings, 53: 8–22.

  • Hardy, C. (2012) Hysteresis. In M. Grenfell (ed) Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts. London: Routledge, pp 131–48.

  • Hartmann, T. (2012) Wicked problems and clumsy solutions: planning as expectation management. Planning Theory, 11(3): 242–56.

  • Hartwich, O. (2009) Neoliberalism: The Genesis of a Political Swearword, CIS Occasional Paper No. 114. Sydney: Centre for Independent Studies.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hassan, R. (2009) Empires of Speed: Time and the Acceleration of Politics and Society. Leiden: Brill.

  • Haughton, G. and Allmendinger, P. (2016) Think tanks and the pressures for planning reform in England. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 34(8): 1676–92.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hayward, C. (2004) Doxa and deliberation. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 7(1): 1–24.

  • Head, B. and Alford, J. (2015) Wicked problems: implications for public policy and management. Administration & Society, 47(6): 711–39.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Healey, P. (1997) Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

  • Hendler, S. (ed) (1995) Planning Ethics. A Reader in Planning Theory, Practice and Education. New Brunswick, NJ: CUPR.

  • Hendler, S. (2017) Planning ethics. In S. Mandelbaum, L. Mazza and M. Burchell (eds) Explorations in Planning Theory, 3rd edn. New Jersey, NJ: CUPR.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Henneberry, J. (2016) Development viability. In J. Henneberry, C. Whitehead and A. Crook (eds) Planning Gain: Providing Infrastructure and Affordable Housing. Chichester: John Wiley, pp 115–39.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hillier, J. (1998) Beyond confused noise: ideas toward communicative procedural justice. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 18(1): 14–24.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hillier, J. and Rooksby, E. (eds) (2005) Habitus: A Sense of Place. Aldershot: Ashgate.

  • HM Treasury (2015) Fixing the Foundations: Creating a More Prosperous Nation. UK Government. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7f7fb9e5274a2e8ab4c8b4/Productivity_Plan_print.pdf

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hochschild, A. (2005) On the Edge of the Time Bind .New York: Henry Holt.

  • Honoré, C. (2005) In Praise of Slow: How a Worldwide Movement Is Challenging the Cult of Speed. London: Orion Press.

  • Hope, W. (2009) Conflicting temporalities: state, nation, economy and democracy under global capitalism. Time & Society, 18(1): 62–85.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • House of Commons Housing, Communities and Local Government Committee (2021). The Future of the Planning System in England. https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/6180/documents/80920/default/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Howard, C. (2005) The policy cycle: a model of post-Machiavellian policy making. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 64(3): 3–13.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Howe, E. (1992) Professional roles and the public interest in planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 6(3): 230–48.

  • Howe, J. and Langdon, C. (2002) Towards a reflexive planning theory. Planning Theory, 1(3): 209–25.

  • Howlett, M. and Goetz, K. (2014) Introduction: time, temporality and timescapes in administration and policy. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 80(3): 477–92.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hutter, G. and Wiechmann, T. (2022) Time, temporality, and planning – comments on the state of art in strategic spatial planning research. Planning Theory & Practice, 23(1): 157–64.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Inch, A. (2015) Ordinary citizens and the political cultures of planning: in search of the subject of a new democratic ethos. Planning Theory, 14(4): 404–24.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Inch, A. (2018) ‘Opening for business’? Neoliberalism and the cultural politics of modernising planning in Scotland. Urban Studies, 55(5): 1076–92.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Innes, J. and Booher, D. (2010) Planning with Complexity: An Introduction to Collaborative Rationality for Public Policy. New York: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Jackson, T. (2009) Prosperity without Growth: Economics for a Finite Planet. London: Routledge.

  • Jackson, T. (2021) Post Growth: Life after Capitalism. New York. John Wiley & Sons.

  • Jenrick, R. (2020) Speech given at the Creating Communities Conference, MHCLG, 23 September. Available at: www.gov.uk/government/speeches/robert-jenricks-speech-on-planning-for-the-future (accessed 1 November 2022).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Jensen, M., Galland, D. and Harrison, J. (forthcoming) The mistreatment of time in planning: Towards planning without the clock in a world increasingly out-of-sync. In M. Tewdwr-Jones, P. Allmendinger and M. Wargent (eds) Critical Planning Futures: New Directions in Planning Theory, 2nd edn. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Johnson, B. (2020) PM economy speech: 30 June 2020. Available at: www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-economy-speech-30-june-2020 (accessed 17 February 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Johnson, N. and Johnson, M. (2021) Time and the making of space in urban development, Rhetoric Society Quarterly, 51(3): 215–26.

  • Kahneman, D. (2011) Thinking, Fast and Slow. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

  • Keil, R. (2009) The urban politics of roll-with-it neoliberalization. City, 13(2–3): 230–45.

  • Killian, J. and Pretty, D. (2008) The Killian Pretty Review, Planning Applications: A Faster and More Responsive System. Final Report. London: Communities and Local Government.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kinneavy, J. (1986) Kairos: a neglected concept in classical rhetoric. In J. Moss (ed) Rhetoric and Praxis: The Contribution of Classical Rhetoric to Practical Reasoning. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, pp 79–105.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Klein, G., Ross, K., Moon, B., Klein, D., Hoffman, R. and Hollnagel, E. (2003) Macrocognition. IEEE Intelligent Systems.

  • Klein, N. (2007) The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

  • Klosterman, R. (1985) Arguments for and against planning. Town Planning Review, 56(1): 5–20.

  • Kurland, E. (2023) Council officers are having it tough under our troubled planning system. Architects Journal, 23 January. Available at: www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/opinion/council-officers-are-having-it-tough-under-our-troubled-planning-system (accessed 3 April 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kwarteng, K. (2022) The Growth Plan 2022 speech. Delivered to the House of Commons on 23 September. UK Government. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/the-growth-plan-2022-speech

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Landwehr, C. (2014) Facilitating deliberation: the role of impartial intermediaries in deliberative mini-publics. In K. Gronlund, A. Bachtiger and M. Setala (eds) Deliberative Mini-Publics: Involving Citizens in the Democratic Process.Colchester. ECPR Press, pp 77–92.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lauermann, J. and Temenos, C. (eds) (2022) The Urban Politics of Policy Failure. London: Taylor & Francis.

  • Laurian, L. and Inch, A. (2019) On time and planning: opening futures by cultivating a ‘sense of now’. Journal of Planning Literature, 34(3): 267–85.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lazar, N. (2019) Out of Joint: Power, Crisis and the Rhetoric of Time. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

  • Legacy, C., Metzger, J., Steele, W. and Gualini, E. (2019) Beyond the post-political: exploring the relational and situated dynamics of consensus and conflict in planning. Planning Theory, 18(3): 273–81.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lemke, T. (2001) ‘The birth of bio-politics’: Michel Foucault’s lecture at the Collège de France on neo-liberal governmentality. Economy and Society, 30(2): 190–207.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lennon, M. (2017) On ‘the subject ’of planning’s public interest. Planning Theory, 16(2): 150–68.

  • Lennon, M. and Tubridy, F. (2022) ‘Time’ as a focus for planning research: exploring temporalities of coastal change. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 25(3): 301–13.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • LGA (Local Government Association) (2020) Housing backlog – more than a million homes with planning permission not yet built. 20 February. Available at: www.local.gov.uk/about/news/housing-backlog-more-million-homes-planning-permission-not-yet-built (accessed 21 February 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • LGA (2021) LGA’s position on the government’s planning reforms. 29 July. Available at: www.local.gov.uk/parliament/briefings-and-responses/lgas-position-governments-planning-reforms (accessed 2 November 2022).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lichfields (2023) Counting the cost of delay. Blog, 30 January. Available at: https://lichfields.uk/blog/2023/january/30/start-me-up-but-then-you-stopped-the-continuing-cost-of-local-plan-delays/ (accessed 20 February 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Linz, J. (1998) Democracy’s time constraints. International Political Science Review, 19(1): 19–37.

  • Lord, A. and O’Brien, P. (2017) What price planning? Reimagining planning as ‘market maker’. Planning Theory & Practice, 18(2): 217–32.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lord, A. and Tewdwr-Jones, M. (2014) Is planning ‘under attack’? Chronicling the deregulation of urban and environmental planning in England. European Planning Studies, 22(2): 345–61.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • MacAskill, W. (2022) What We Owe the Future. London: One World.

  • Mace, A. (2016) The suburbs as sites of ‘within-planning’ power relations. Planning Theory, 15(3): 239–54.

  • Mace, A. and Tewdwr-Jones, M. (2019) Neighborhood planning, participation, and rational choice. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(2): 184–93.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Madanipour, A. (2017) Cities in Time: Temporary Urbanism and the Future of the City .London: Bloomsbury.

  • Maidment, C. (2016) In the public interest? Planning in the Peak District National Park. Planning Theory, 15(4): 366–85.

  • Mansbridge, J. (1994) Using power/fighting power. Constellations, 1(1): 53–73.

  • Mansbridge, J., Bohman, J., Chambers, S., Christiano, T., Fung, A., Parkinson, J., Thompson, D. and Warren, M. (2012) A systemic approach to deliberative democracy. In J. Parkinson and J. Mansbridge (eds) Deliberative Systems: Deliberative Democracy at the Large Scale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 1–26.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Martineau, J. (2016) Time, Capitalism and Alienation: A Socio-Historical Inquiry into the Making of Modern Time. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Maton, K. (2012) Habitus. In M. Grenfell (ed) Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts. London: Routledge, pp 49–65.

  • Matthews, P. (2014) Time belonging and development. In N. Gallent and D. Ciaffi (eds) Community Action and Planning. Bristol: Policy Press, pp 41–56.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mattila, H. (2016) Can collaborative planning go beyond locally focused notions of the ‘public interest’? The potential of Habermas’ concept of ‘generalizable interest’ in pluralist and trans-scalar planning discourses. Planning Theory, 15(4): 344–65.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mazzucato, M. (2018) The Value of Everything: Making and Taking in the Global Economy. London: Penguin.

  • McGuirk, P.M. (2001) Situating communicative planning theory: context, power, and knowledge. Environment and Planning A, 33(2): 195–217.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • McLuhan, M. (1980) Living at the speed of light. MacLean’s Magazine, 7 January, pp 32–3.

  • McNay, L. (2001) Meditations on Pascalian Meditations. Economy and Society, 30(1): 139–54.

  • MHCLG (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government) (2020) Planning for the Future. London: MHCLG.

  • Miller, C. (2020) Living under Post-democracy: Citizenship in Fleeting Democratic Times. Abingdon: Routledge.

  • Miller, H. (2005) Necessary space–time conditions for human interaction. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 32(3): 381–401.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Minteer, B. (2005) Environmental philosophy and the public interest: a pragmatic reconciliation. Environmental Values, 14(1): 37–60.

  • Moore-Cherry, N. and Bonnin, C. (2022) Playing with time in Moore Street, Dublin: urban redevelopment, temporal politics and the governance of space–time. In Lauermann, J. and Temenos, C. (eds) The Urban Politics of Policy Failure. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Moroni, S. (2014) Towards a reconstruction of the public interest criterion. Planning Theory, 3(2): 151–71.

  • Mouffe, C. (2005) The Return of the Political. London: Verso.

  • Moulaert, F. and MacCullum, D. (2019) Advanced Introduction to Social Innovation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

  • Moulaert, F., Jessop, B. and Mehmood, A. (2016) Agency, structure, institutions, discourse (ASID) in urban and regional development. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 20(2): 167–87.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mumford, L. (1934) Technics and Civilisation. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.

  • Nowotny, H. (1994) Time. The Modern and Postmodern Experience. Oxford: Polity Press.

  • Nozick, R. (1974) Anarchy, State, and Utopia. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

  • NPPF (National Planning Policy Framework) (2023) National Planning Policy Framework. London: Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities, UK Government.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • NPPG (National Planning Practice Guidance) (2019) Plan-making. Paragraph: 003 Reference ID: 61-003-20190315. UK Government. Available at: www.gov.uk/guidance/plan-making

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Odell, J. (2023) Saving Time: Discovering a Life beyond the Clock. London: Bodley Head.

  • ODPM (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister) (2004) Planning Policy Statement 12, Local Development Frameworks. London: The Stationary Office.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2020) Innovative citizen participation and new democratic institutions. Available at: www.oecd.org/gov/open-government/innovative-citizen-participation-new-democratic-institutions-catching-the-deliberative-wave-highlights.pdf (accessed 12 February 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • O’Flynn, I. (2022) Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press.

  • Ottinger, G. (2013) Changing knowledge, local knowledge, and knowledge gaps: STS insights into procedural justice. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 38(2): 250–70.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Parker, G. and Dobson, M. (2023) ‘Do the right thing’: Planning at the intersection of the culture wars. Town and Country Planning, 92(6): 381–6.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Parker, G. and Dobson, M. (2024) Diagnosing delay in planning: Dobry at 50. Town and Country Planning, 93(2).

  • Parker, G. and Street, E. (2015) Planning at the neighbourhood scale: localism, dialogic politics, and the modulation of community action. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 33(4): 794–810.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Parker, G. and Street, E. (eds) (2021) Contemporary Planning Practice. Skills, Specialisms and Knowledge. Basingstoke: Red Globe and Macmillan.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Parker, G., Salter, K. and Wargent, M. (2019) Neighbourhood Planning in Practice. London: Lund Humphries.

  • Parker, G., Dobson, M. and Lynn, T. (2022) Governmental logics in commercialised planning practices. The case of local authority pre-application negotiations in the English planning system. Planning Theory & Practice, 23(1): 60–80.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • PAS (Planning Advisory Service) (2023a) Land Supply. London: Local Government Association.

  • PAS (Planning Advisory Service) (2023b) Evidence Based Research on National Best Practice in Local Authority Approaches to Pre-application Discussions and Planning Performance Agreements (PPAs). London: PAS.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Peck, J. (2010) Zombie neoliberalism and the ambidextrous state. Theoretical Criminology, 14(1): 104–10.

  • Peck, J. (2013) Explaining (with) neoliberalism. Territory, Politics, Governance, 1(2): 132–57.

  • Peck, J. and Theodore, N. (2019) Still neoliberalism? South Atlantic Quarterly, 118(2): 245–65.

  • Pickles, E. (2011) Planning reforms boost local power and growth. Joint article by the Secretary of State and the Chancellor, presented on 2 September, DCLG. Available at: www.gov.uk/government/speeches/planning-reforms-boost-local-power-and-growth (accessed August 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Pierson, P. (2004) Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis .Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

  • Pilling, D. (2019) The Growth Delusion: The Wealth and Well-Being of Nations. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

  • PINS (Planning Inspectorate) (2022) Called-in Planning Applications: Procedural Guide. Bristol: Planning Inspectorate.

  • Pollitt, G. (2008) Time, Policy, Management: Governing with the Past. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  • Presthus, R. (1951) The Schuster Report: an interpretation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 17(1): 43–5.

  • Raco, M. (2005) Sustainable development, rolled-out neoliberalism and sustainable communities. Antipode, 37(2): 324–47.

  • Raco, M. (2016) State-Led Privatisation and the Demise of the Democratic State: Welfare Reform and Localism in an Era of Regulatory Capitalism. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Raco, M., Durrant, D. and Livingstone, N. (2018) Slow cities, urban politics and the temporalities of planning: lessons from London. Environment and Planning ‘C’, 36(7): 1176–94.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Rawls, J. (1997) The idea of public reason. In J. Bohman and W. Rehg (eds) Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp 108–14.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Raworth, K. (2017) Doughnut Economics. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing.

  • Raynsford, N. (2018) Planning 2020. Raynsford Review of Planning in England. Final Report. London: TCPA.

  • Rees, T. (2022) Planning chaos to cause 5pc slump in housebuilding next year: Whitehall regulation is ‘stifling investment’ in new developments. The Telegraph, 29 August. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2022/08/29/planning-chaos-cause-5pc-slump-housebuilding-next-year/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Rifkin, J. (1987) Time Wars: The Primary Conflict in Human History. New York: Simon and Schuster.

  • Rittel, H. and Webber, M. (1973) Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2): 155–69.

  • Rosa, H. (2010) High-Speed Society: Social Acceleration, Power, and Modernity. Philadelphia, PA: Penn State Press.

  • Rosa, H. (2013) Social Acceleration: A New Theory of Modernity. New York: Columbia University Press.

  • Rose, N. and Miller, P. (1992) Political power beyond the state: problematics of government. British Journal of Sociology, 43: 173–205.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Rosling, H., Rosling-Ronnlund, A. and Rosling, O. (2018) Factfulness: Ten Reasons We’re Wrong about the World. And Why Things Are Better Than You Think .New York: Flat Iron.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Roy, A. (2011) Urbanisms, worlding practices and the theory of planning. Planning Theory, 10(1): 6–15.

  • RTPI (Royal Town Planning Institute) and Arup (2018) Investing in Delivery. London: RTPI.

  • RTPI (Royal Town Planning Institute) (2020) Invest and prosper: a business case for investing in planning. Vivid Economics report for the Royal Town Planning Institute. London: RTPI.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Russel, D. and Kirsop-Taylor, N. (eds) (2022) Handbook on the Governance of Sustainable Development .Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Rydin, Y. (2013) The Future of Planning: Beyond Growth Dependence. Bristol: Policy Press.

  • Sager, T. (2011) Neo-liberal urban planning policies: a literature survey 1990–2010. Progress in Planning, 76(4): 147–99.

  • Sager, T. (2013) Reviving Critical Planning Theory: Dealing with Pressure, Neo-liberalism, and Responsibility in Communicative Planning. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Salter, K., Parker, G. and Wargent, M. (2023) Localism and the will to housing: neighbourhood development plans and their role in local housing site delivery in England. Planning Practice & Research, 38(2), pp 253–73.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sandercock, L. (1998). Making the Invisible Visible: A Multicultural Planning History. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

  • Savini, F., Ferreira, A. and von Schönfeld, K.C. (2022) Post-growth Planning: Cities beyond the Market Economy. London: Routledge.

  • Scharpf, F. (1997) Games Real Actors Play. Actor-Centered Institutionalism in Policy Research. Boulder, CO: Westview.

  • Schon, D. (1982) Some of what a planner knows: a case study of knowing-in-practice. Journal of the American Planning Association, 48(3): 351–64.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Schon, D. (1983) The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. New York: Routledge.

  • Schoneboom, A., Slade, J., Tait, M. and Vigar, G. (2022) What Town Planners Do: Exploring Planning Practices and the Public Interest through Workplace Ethnographies. Bristol: Policy Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Schwanen, T. and Kwan, M. (2012) Critical space–time geographies. Environment and Planning A, 44(9): 2043–8.

  • Shenkin, M. and Coulson, A. (2007) Accountability through activism: learning from Bourdieu. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 20(2): 297–317.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Shepherd, E., McAllister, P. and Wyatt, P. (2022) State regulation of land financialisation: land promoters, planning risk and the land market in England. Housing Studies, DOI: 10.1080/02673037.2022.2149705

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Shin, Y. (2013) Bourdieu and urban politics: conceptualizing a Bourdieusian relational framework for urban politics research. Planning Theory, 12(3): 267–89.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Slade, D., Gunn, S. and Schoneboom, A. (2019) Serving the Public Interest? the Reorganisation of UK Planning Services in an Era of Reluctant Outsourcing. London: RTPI.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Slow Movement (2017) Slow cities and the slow movement. Available at: www.slowmovement.com/slow_cities.php (accessed 5 August 2022).

  • Smith, G. (2003) Deliberative Democracy and the Environment. London: Routledge.

  • Smith, N. (2008) Neoliberalism is dead, dominant, defeatable – then what? Human Geography, 1(2): 1–3.

  • Sorensen, A. (2015) Taking path dependence seriously: an historical institutionalist research agenda in planning history. Planning Perspectives, 30(1): 17–38.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Southerton, D. (2003) Squeezing time, allocating practices, coordinating networks and scheduling society. Time & Society, 12(1): 5–25.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Southerton, D. and Tomlinson, M. (2005) ‘Pressed for time’: the differential impacts of a ‘time squeeze’. The Sociological Review, 53(2): 215–39.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Standing, G. (2023) The Politics of Time: Gaining Control in the Age of Uncertainty. London: Pelican Books.

  • Stanley, J. and Hansen, R. (2020) People love the idea of 20-minute neighbourhoods. So why isn’t it top of the agenda? The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/people-love-the-idea-of-20-minute-neighbourhoods-so-why-isnt-it-top-of-the-agenda-131193 (accessed 4 February 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Stiglitz, J. (2019) The end of neoliberalism and the rebirth of history. Project Syndicate, 4(11): 1–2.

  • Strassheim, H. (2016) Knowing the future: theories of time in policy analysis. European Policy Analysis, 2(1): 150–67.

  • Surrey Heath Borough Council (2023) Surrey Heath Borough Council planning service is piloting a new ‘fast track’ service, and launching an improved pre-application service from 1 April 2023.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Swyngedouw, E., Moulaert, F. and Rodriguez, A. (2002) Neoliberal urbanization in Europe: large–scale urban development projects and the new urban policy. Antipode, 34(3): 542–77.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tait, M., Chapman, K. and Inch, A. (2020) Is the planning system broken? In TCPA (ed) The Wrong Answers to the Wrong Questions: Countering the Misconceptions Driving the Government’s Planning Reform Agenda. London: TCPA.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Taylor, Z. (2013) Rethinking planning culture: a new institutionalist approach. Town Planning Review, 84(6): 683–702.

  • TCPA (Town and Country Planning Association) (2020a) The Wrong Answers to the Wrong Questions: Countering the Misconceptions Driving the Government’s Planning Reform Agenda. London: TCPA.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • TCPA (2020b) The Right Answers to the Right Questions? London: TCPA.

  • TCPA (2021) Levelling Up: The Role of Planning. London: TCPA. Available at: https://www.tcpa.org.uk/resources/levelling-up-the-role-of-planning/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tewdwr-Jones, M. (2017) Spatial Planning and Governance: Understanding UK Planning. London: Bloomsbury.

  • Thompson, E.P. (1993) Customs in Common. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

  • Thomson, P. (2012) Field. In M. Grenfell (ed) Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts. London: Routledge, pp 67–86.

  • Thousand, J., Villa, R. and Nevin, A. (2006) The many faces of collaborative planning and teaching. Theory into Practice, 45(3): 239–48.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Toffler, A. (1970) Future Shock. New York: Bantam.

  • Tomaney, J., Blackman, M., Natarajan, L., Panayotopoulos-Tsiros, D., Sutcliffe-Braithwaite, F. and Taylor, M. (2023) Social infrastructure and ‘left-behind places’. Regional Studies, DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2023.2224828

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Truss, L. (2022) Conservative Party Conference speech. Birmingham, 5 October. Available at: https://www.conservatives.com/news/2022/prime-minister-liz-truss-s-speech-to-conservative-party-conference-2022

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Turner, B. (1990) Outline of a theory of citizenship. Sociology, 24(2): 189–217.

  • Turnhout, E., Metze, T., Wyborn, C., Klenk, N. and Louder, E. (2020) The politics of co-production: participation, power, and transformation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 42: 15–21.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • UN (United Nations) (2022) A world of 8 billion, Future of the World Policy Brief No. 140, October, Department of Economic & Social Affairs.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Uttlesford District Council (2021) Who are the Community Stakeholder Forum? Available at: www.uttlesford.gov.uk/CSF-Who (accessed 15 February 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Virilio, P. (1986) Speed and Politics: An Essay on Dromology. New York: Semiotext(e).

  • Wajcman, J. (2015) Pressed for Time: The Acceleration of Life in Digital Capitalism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

  • Wallis, G.W. (1970) Chronopolitics: the impact of time perspectives on the dynamics of change. Social Forces, 49(1): 102–8.

  • Walzer, M. (1999) Deliberation, and what else? In S. Macedo (ed) Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 58–69.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wargent, M. (2021) Localism, governmentality and failing technologies: the case of neighbourhood planning in England. Territory, Politics, Governance, 9(4): 571–91.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wargent, M. and Parker, G. (2018) Re-imagining neighbourhood governance: the future of neighbourhood planning in England. Town Planning Review, 89(4): 379–403.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Watson, V. (2014) Co-production and collaboration in planning – the difference. Planning Theory & Practice, 15(1): 62–76.

  • Weber, M. (1904) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. London: Allen & Unwin.

  • Weber, R. (2015) From Boom to Bubble. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.

  • Widin, J. (2010) Illegitimate Practices: Global English Language Education. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

  • Wilson, A., Vigar, G. and Tewdwr-Jones, M. (2020) Can technology create a faster and more participatory planning system? In Town and Country Planning Association (ed) The Wrong Answers to the Wrong Questions: Countering the Misconceptions Driving the Government’s Planning Reform Agenda. London: TCPA, pp 42–46.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wright, G., Cairns, G., O’Brien, F. and Goodwin, P. (2019) Scenario analysis to support decision making in addressing wicked problems: pitfalls and potential. European Journal of Operational Research, 278(1): 3–19.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wycombe District Council (no date) Public speaking at Planning Committee. Advice note.

  • Young, I. (2002) Inclusion and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  • Zahariadis, N. (2013) Leading reform amidst transboundary crises: lessons from Greece. Public Administration, 91(3): 648–62.

  • Zielonka, J. (2023) The Lost Future: And How to Reclaim It. London: Yale University Press.

Content Metrics

May 2022 onwards Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 603 432 6
Full Text Views 0 0 0
PDF Downloads 0 0 0

Altmetrics