PART I:
This book integrates my best texts on poverty conceptualisation/measurement over 35 years, presenting an innovative approach practically unknown in English. The core breakthrough is the holistic view that culminates in the Integrated Poverty Measurement Method (IPMM). The book provides the critique to support this approach, reflected in conceptual discussions and critical appraisals that constitute the Critique of the Political Economy of Poverty (CPEP), including systematised criticism of salient poverty measurement methods. I appropriated positive ideas from many authors and intertwined them with the concepts I developed to build the narrative, which becomes transparent in principles and good practices. Three distinctive features delineate. a) It includes free time (FT) – going beyond combined methods that include only income/consumption and unsatisfied basic needs (UBN) – thus broadening the range of phenomena considered, including domestic chores, caring, and leisure activities. b) It avoids dichotomic indicators by cardinalising ordinal variables, allowing the calculation of a synthetic final metric indicator and the more elaborated aggregate poverty measures (APM). Chapter 9 discusses existing APM, interprets them innovatively, shows the conceptual flaws of those that are sensitive to distribution among the poor, and proposes an APM that integrates social inequality. c) Regarding income, IPMM introduces innovations and calculates a specific poverty line for each household.
-
Abel-Smith, Brian and Peter Townsend (1965) The Poor and the Poorest, Occasional Papers on Social Administration, 17, London: Bell & Sons; New York: Addison-Wesley Longman (1st edn 1954, 2nd edn 1970).
-
Alarcón, Diana (1993) ‘Changes in the Distribution of Income in Mexico during the Period of Trade Liberalization’, PhD Thesis, University of California, Riverside.
-
Alkire, Sabina (2002) Valuing Freedoms: Sen’s Capability Approach and Poverty Reduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
Alkire, Sabina and James Foster (2009) ‘Counting and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement’, OPHI Working Paper 32, University of Oxford.
-
Alkire, Sabina and Maria Emma Santos (2010) ‘Acute Multidimensional Poverty: A New Index for Developing Countries’, OPHI Working Paper 38, University of Oxford.
-
Altimir, Óscar (1979) La dimensión de la pobreza en América Latina, Santiago de Chile: Cuadernos de la CEPAL, 27.
-
Atkinson, Anthony B. (1970) ‘On the Measurement of Inequality’, Journal of Economic Theory, 2(3): 244–263.
-
Atkinson, Anthony B. (1983) The Economics of Inequality, (2nd edn), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
-
Barreiros, Lidia (1992) ‘La pobreza y los patrones de consumo de los hogares en Ecuador’, Comercio Exterior, 42(4): 366–379.
-
Beccaria, Luis and Alberto Minujin (1987) Sobre la medición de la pobreza: Enseñanzas a partir de la experiencia Argentina, Buenos Aires: UNICEF, Documento de Trabajo 8.
-
Beccaria, Luis, Julio Boltvinik, Oscar Fresneda, Arturo León and Amartya Sen (1992) América Latina: El reto de la pobreza, Bogotá: PNUD Proyecto Regional para la Superación de la Pobreza.
-
Becker, Gary (1965) ‘A Theory of the Allocation of Time’, Economic Journal, 75(299): 493–517.
-
Blackorby, Charles and David Donaldson (1980) ‘Ethical Indices for the Measurement of Poverty’, Econometrica, 48(4): 1053–1060.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (1986) ‘Modo de producción estatal y satisfacción de necesidades esenciales: El caso de México’, Investigación Económica, 45(177): 195–244.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (1990a) ‘Pobreza y necesidades básicas: Conceptos y métodos de medición’, Caracas: PNUD, Proyecto Regional para la Superación de la Pobreza, RLA/86/004.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (1990b) ‘Hacia una estrategia para la superación de la pobreza’, in ILPES (Instituto Latinoamericano de Planificación Económica y Social), La Paz, Bolivia: ISS (Instituto de Estudios Sociales de la Haya) and ILDIS (Instituto latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales), pp 25–50.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (1992a) ‘El método de medición integrada de la pobreza: Una propuesta para su Desarrollo’, Comercio Exterior, 42(4): 354–365.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (1992b) ‘Towards an Alternative Indicator of Development’ in Meghnad Desai, Amartya Sen and Julio Boltvinik (eds) Social Progress Index: A Proposal, Bogotá: UNDP.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (1993) ‘Indicadores alternativos de desarrollo y mediciones de pobreza’, Estudios Sociológicos, XI(33): 605–640.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (1994a) Pobreza y estratificación social en México, INEGI, IISUNAM, El Colegio de México, Colección MOCEMEX.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (1994b) ‘Poverty Measurement and Alternative Indicators of Development’, in Rolph van der Hoeven and Richard Anker (eds) Poverty Monitoring: An International Concern, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 57–83.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (1995) ‘La pobreza en México II. Magnitud’, Salud Pública de México, 37(4): 298–309.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (1997) ‘Perfil sociodemográfico de los pobres’, in Martha Schteingart (ed) Pobreza, Condiciones de Vida y salud en la Ciudad de México, Mexico City: El Colegio de México, pp 493–505.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (1998) ‘Poverty Measurement Methods: An Overview’, Poverty Reduction Series, Working Paper 3, New York: UNDP.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (1999) ‘Métodos de medición de la pobreza: Conceptos y tipología’, (First part) Socialis. Revista Latinoamericana de Política Social, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, FLACSO (Argentinian office), 1: 35–74.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (2001) ‘Métodos de medición de la pobreza: Conceptos y tipología’, in Rigoberto Gallardo, Joaquín Osorio and Mónica Gendreau (eds) Los Rostros de la pobreza, III, Mexico City: Universidad Iberoamericana, Iteso, Limusa Noriega Editores.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (2003a) ‘Evolución y características de la pobreza en México’, Comercio Exterior, 53(6): 519–531.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (2003b) ‘Welfare, Inequality, and Poverty in México, 1970–2000’, in Kevin J. Middlebrook and Eduardo Zepeda (eds) Confronting Development: Asessing Mexico’s Economic and Social Policy Challenges, Redwood City: Stanford University Press, pp 385–446.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (2005) ‘Ampliar la mirada: Un nuevo enfoque de la pobreza y el florecimiento humano’, unpublished PhD tesis (two volumes), Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social (CIESAS)-Occidente, Guadalajara, México (it is referred to throughout the book as Ampliar la mirada or, in English, Broadening the Look).
-
Boltvinik, Julio (2005–2006) ‘El rechazo al concepto de necesidades humanas’, Mundo Siglo XXI, 1(3): 37–57.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (2007a) ‘Elementos para la crítica de la economía política de la pobreza’, Desacatos: Revista de Antropología Social, 23: 53–86.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (2007b) ‘Presentación – De la pobreza al florecimiento humano: ¿Teoría crítica o utopía?’, Desacatos, 23: 13–52.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (2010a) ‘Coordinar el Número 23 de Desacatos: Una Experiencia de Florecimiento Humano’ in Desacatos X Aniversario 1999–2009, Ciesas, Mexico City.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (2010b) ‘Principios de la medición multidimensional de la pobreza’, in Julio Boltvinik ,Satya Chakravarty, James E. Foster, David Gordon and Rubén Hernández Cid (eds) Medición multidimensional de la pobreza en México, México City: El Colegio de México-Coneval, pp 43–279.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (2011) ‘Medidas agregadas de pobreza. Heurística de las medidas tradicionales. Crítica de las sensibles a la distribución entre pobres, y propuesta de una medida sensible a la distribución entre pobres y no pobres’, Mundo Siglo XXI, CIECAS-IPN, 25(VII): 15–30.
-
Boltvinik, Julio (2020) Pobreza y florecimiento humano: Una perspectiva radical, México City: Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas/Editorial Ítaca.
-
Boltvinik, Julio and F. Cortés (2000) ‘La identificación de los pobres en el Progresa’, in Enrique Valencia Lomelí, Mónica Gendreau and Ana María Tepichín Valle (eds) Los dilemas de la política social, México: Universidad de Guadalajara.
-
Boltvinik, Julio and Araceli Damián (2016) ‘Pobreza creciente y estructuras sociales cada vez más desiguales en México: Una visión integrada y crítica’, Acta Sociológica, 70: 271–296.
-
Boltvinik, Julio and Araceli Damián (2020) Medición de la pobreza de México: Análisis crítico comparativo de los diferentes métodos aplicados, recomendaciones de buenas prácticas para la medición de la pobreza en México y América Latina, México: Cepal-México, Estudios y Perspectivas 183.
-
Boltvinik, Julio and Enrique Hernández Laos (1999) Pobreza y distribución del ingreso en México, México City: Siglo XXI editores.
-
Boltvinik, Julio and Alejandro Marín (2003) ‘La canasta normativa de satisfactores esenciales de Coplamar: Génesis y desarrollos recientes’, Comercio Exterior, 53(5):473–484.
-
Bradshaw, Jonathan and Autumn C.S. Yu (1993) Budget Standards for the United Kingdom, Avebury: Ashgate.
-
Bryant, Keith W. (1990) The Economic Organization of the Household, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-
Calderón Ch., Miguel (2016) ‘Normas sociales y umbrales de pobreza’, Acta Sociológica, 70(May–Aug): 73–98.
-
CEPAL-PNUD (1992) ‘Procedimientos para medir la pobreza en América Latina con el método de línea de pobreza’, Comercio Exterior, 42(4): 340–353.
-
Chaubey, Pramod Kumar (1995) Poverty Measurement: Issues, Approaches and Indices, New Delhi: New Age International.
-
Citro, Constance F. and Robert T. Michael (eds) (1995) Measuring Poverty: A New Approach, Washington, DC: National Research Council, National Academies Press.
-
Cohen, Gerald A. (1993) ‘Equality of What? On Welfare, Goods and Capabilities’, in Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen (eds) The Quality of Life, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp 9–29. (Versión del libro en español publicada por Fondo de Cultura Económica con el nombre de Calidad de la Vida. Una traducción independiente de extractos del capítulo de Cohen fue publicada en Comercio Exterior [(2003) 53(5): 427–433]).
-
Comité Técnico para la Medición de la Pobreza (2002) ‘Medición de la pobreza’, Variantes metodológicas y estimación preliminar, México: Secretaría de Desarrollo Social.
-
COPLAMAR (1982a) Necesidades Esenciales y Estructura Productiva en México, México: Presidencia de la República.
-
COPLAMAR (1982b) Vivienda, Serie Necesidades Esenciales en México, vol. 1 México City: Coplamar-Siglo XXI editores.
-
COPLAMAR (1983) Macroeconomía de las necesidades esenciales en México, México City: Coplamar-Siglo XXI editores.
-
Crocker, David (1995) ‘Functioning and Capability: The Foundations of Sen’s and Nussbaum’s Development Ethic, Part 2’, in Martha Nussbaum and Jonathan Glover (eds) Women, Culture and Development: A Study of Human Capabilities, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp 153–198.
-
Csikszentmihalyi, Myhaly (1990) Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience, New York: Harper Perennial.
-
Damián, Araceli (2003) ‘La pobreza de tiempo: Una revisión metodológica’, Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, 18(1): 127–162.
-
Damián, Araceli (2005) ‘Pobreza de tiempo en México: Conceptos, métodos situación actual’, in Mónica Gendreau (ed) Los rostros de la pobreza IV, Mexico City: Universidad Iberoamericana, pp 225–288.
-
Damián, Araceli (2014) El tiempo, la dimensión olvidada en los estudios de pobreza y bienestar, México: El Colegio de México.
-
Damián, Araceli and Julio Boltvinik (2003) ‘Evolución y características de la pobreza en México’, Comercio Exterior, 53(6): 519–531
-
Dasgupta, Partha (1993) An Inquiry into Well-Being and Destitution, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
-
Deaton, Angus and John Muellbauer (1980/1991) Economics and Consumer Behavior, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-
Desai, Meghnad (1991/1998) ‘Well-Being and Lifetime Deprivation: A Proposal for an Index of Social Progress’, in Meghnad Desai, Amartya Sen and Julio Boltvinik (eds) Social Progress Index: A Proposal, Bogotá: UNDP Regional Project to Overcome Poverty (RLA/86/004), pp 67–95.
-
Desai, Meghnad (1994) ‘Poverty and Capability: Toward an Empirically Implementable Measure’, Frontera Norte, Número especial: La pobreza, 6: 11–30.
-
Desai, Meghnad (1995) Poverty, Famine and Economic Development: The Selected Essays of Meghnad Desai, Vol. 2, Aldershot: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
-
Desai, Meghnad and Anup Shah (1988) ‘An Econometric Approach to the Measurement of Poverty’, Oxford Economic Papers, 49.
-
Douthitt, Robin (1992) ‘The Inclusion of Time Availability in Canadian Poverty Measures’ in Time Use Methodology: Toward Consensus (Symposium in Rome, 15–18 June). Sistema Statistico Nazionale, Instituto Nazionale de Statistica, Note e Relazione, edizione, 3: 83–91.
-
Doyal, Len and Ian Gough (1991/1994) A Theory of Human Need, London: Macmillan.
-
EAPN (European Anti-Poverty Network) (no date) www.eapn.eu/what-is-poverty/how-is-poverty-measured/
-
Escotto, Teresita (2003) ‘Situaciones de pobreza en México: La relación entre el nivel e vida y el nivel de recursos de los hogares’, PhD Dissertation, El Colegio de México.
-
FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) ‘Energy and Protein Need: Report of a Joint Consultative Meeting FAO/WHO/UNU’, Series of Technical Reports, 724, Geneva: WHO.
-
Fitzgerald, Ross (1977) Human Needs and Politics, Rush Cutters Bay: Pergamon.
-
Foster, James (2010) ‘Informe sobre la medición multidimensional de la pobreza’ in El Colegio de México and Consejo de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (Coneval), Mexico City: Medición multidimensional de la pobreza en México, pp 323–399.
-
Foster, James, Joel Greer and Eric Thorbecke (1984) ‘A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures’, Econometrica, 52(3): 761–766.
-
Foster, James and Amartya K. Sen (1997) ‘On Economic Inequality after a Quarter Century’, Annexe to Amartya Sen (1997) On Economic Inequality, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp 107–219.
-
Fromm, Erich (1955/1990) The Sane Society, New York: Henry Holt and Company.
-
Garfinkel, Irwin and Robert Haveman (1977) ‘Earnings Capacity, Economic Status and Poverty’, The Journal of Human Resources XII: 49–70.
-
Gasper, Des (2004) The Ethics of Development, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
-
Goedhart, Theo, Victor Halberstadt, Arie Kapteyn and Bernard van Praag (1977) ‘The Poverty Line: Concept and Measurement’, Journal of Human Resources, 12(4): 503–520.
-
Gómez de León, José (1998) ‘Dimensiones correlativas de la pobreza en México: Elementos para la Focalización de Programas sociales’, paper presented at the first meeting of the Lacea/IDB/World Bank Net on Inequality and Poverty, Buenos Aires, 21 October.
-
Gordon, David and Paul Spicker (eds) (1999) The International Glossary on Poverty, London: CRP-Zed Books.
-
Gordon, David, Laura Adelman, Karl Ashworth, Jonathan Bradshaw, Ruth Levitas, Sue Middleton, et al. (2000) Poverty and Social Exclusion in Britain, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
-
Guillén Fernández and Yedith Betzabé (2017) ‘Multidimensional Poverty Measurement from a Relative Deprivation Approach: A Comparative Study between the United Kingdom and Mexico’, PhD Dissertation, University of Bristol.
-
Hagenaars, Aldi (1986) The Perception of Poverty, Amsterdam: North Holland.
-
Halleröd, B. (1995) ‘The Truly Poor: Direct and Indirect Measurement of Consensual Poverty in Sweden’, European Journal of Social Policy, 5(2): 112–119.
-
Heller, Agnes (1985) The Power of Shame: A Rational Perspective, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
-
Hernández Laos, Enrique (1992) Crecimiento Económico y Pobreza en México, México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
-
INDEC (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos) (1985) La Pobreza en Argentina, Buenos Aires.
-
Kaztman, Rubén (1989) ‘La heterogeneidad de la pobreza: El caso de Montevideo’, Revista de la CEPAL, 37: 141–152.
-
Khare, D. (1986) ‘Measuring Poverty’, Journal of Income and Wealth, 9.
-
Lederer, Katrin (1980) ‘Introduction’ in Katrin Lederer, Johan Galtung and David Antal (eds) Human Needs: A Contribution to the Current Debate, Oelgeschlager: Gun and Hain.
-
Levy, Santiago (1991) ‘Poverty Alleviation in Mexico’, World Bank Working Papers, Washington, DC (Reproduced in Spanish in Félix Vélez [ed], La Pobreza en México: Causas y Políticas para Combatirla, México City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, Colección Lecturas, 78).
-
Linder, Staffan B. (1970) The Harried Leisure Class, New York: Columbia University Press.
-
Lustig, Nora (1990) The Incidence of Poverty in Mexico, 1984: An Empirical Analysis, The Brookings Institution.
-
Maccoby, Michael (1988) Why Work? Motivating and Leading the New Generation, New York: Simon and Schuster.
-
Mack, Joanna and Stewart Lansley (1985) Poor Britain, London: George Allen & Unwin.
-
Márkus, György (1973/1985) Marxismo y ‘antropología’, Barcelona/México City: Grijalbo. (There are two editions in English, with the same title and translation: Marxism and Anthropology: Marx´s Concept of Human Essence, Assen: Van Gorcum [1978] and New South Wales, Australia: Mode-Verlag [1988]. The latter adds an introduction by Axel Honnneth and Hans Joas.)
-
Marx, Karl (1867/1976/1990) Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, London: Penguin Classics.
-
Maslow, Abraham (1943) ‘A Theory of Human Motivation’, Psychological Review, 50: 370–396.
-
Maslow, Abraham (1954/1987) Motivation and Personality, 3rd edn, New York: Longman.
-
Max-Neef, Manfred, Antonio Elizalde and Martin Hopenhayn (1986) Desarrollo a escala humana. Development Dialogue, special number, Santiago de Chile and Uppsala, Sweden: Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation. (An English edition of this book with two additional chapters by Max-Neef was published in 1991 as: Human Scale Development: Conception, Application and Further Reflections, New York and London: The Apex Press).
-
Nolan, Brian and Christopher T. Whelan, (1996) Resources, Deprivation and Poverty, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
-
ODEPLAN, Oficina de Planificación Nacional and Instituto de Economía of the University of Chile (1975) Mapa de la Extrema Pobreza, Santiago de Chile.
-
OECD (2013) ‘The OECD approach to measure and monitor income poverty across countries’, Working paper 17, 25 November, Paris.
-
Orshansky, Mollie (1965) ‘Counting the Poor: Another Look at the Poverty Profile’, Social Security Bulletin, 28(1), Washington, DC: Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
-
Penz, G. Peter (1986) Consumer Sovereignty and Human Interests, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-
Piachaud, D. (1981) ‘Peter Townsend and the Holy Grail’, New Society, 57: 419–421, extracts reproduced in Townsend (1993), pp 113–120.
-
Pogge, Thomas and Scott Wisor (no date) ‘Measuring Poverty: A Proposal’ (multicopied).
-
Putnam, Hilary (2002) The Collapse of the Fact/Value Dichotomy and Other Essays, Cambridge, MA: University of Harvard.
-
Rainwater, Lee (1974) What Money Buys: Inequality and the Social Meaning of Income, New York: Basic Books.
-
Ravallion, Martin (1998) ‘Poverty Lines in Theory and Practice’, Living Standards Measurement Study, World Bank, Working Paper, 133.
-
Reddy, Sanjay G. and Thomas Pogge (2020) ‘How not to count the poor’, in Sudhir Anand, Paul Segal and Joseph E. Stiglitz (eds) Debates on The Measurement of Global Poverty, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 42–85.
-
Ringen, Stein (1995) ‘Well-Being, Measurement, and Preferences’, Acta Sociologica, Nordic Sociological Association, 38: 3–15.
-
Robbins, Lionel (1932) An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, London: Macmillan.
-
Rothenberg, Jerome (1974) ‘Soberanía del consumidor’, in Enciclopedia Internacional de las Ciencias Sociales, Vol. 3, Madrid: Aguilar.
-
Rowntree, Seebhom (1901/1902) A Study of Town Life, London: Macmillan.
-
Rowntree, Seebohm (1937) The Human Needs of Labour, revised edn, London: Longmann Greens.
-
Rowntree, Seebohm (1941) Poverty and Progress, London: Longmann Greens
-
Rowntree, Seebohm and G.R. Lavers (1951) Poverty and the Welfare State, London: Longmann Greens.
-
Runciman, W.G. (1966) Relative Deprivation and Social Justice, London: Routledge.
-
US Department of Health, Education and Welfare (1965) ‘Security Bulletin, Washington’, 28(1).
-
Sen, Amartya (1976/1982) ‘Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement’, Econometrica, (44): 219–231. (Reproduced in Amartya Sen, Choice, Welfare and Measurement [1982] Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp 373–387.)
-
Sen, Amartya (1980) ‘Equality of What?’, in Sterling M. McMurrin (ed) The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Vol. 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 195–220. (Reproduced in Amartya Sen [1982] Choice, Welfare and Measurement, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp 353–369.)
-
Sen, Amartya (1981/1991/1992) Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Chapters 1, 2 and 3 of this book were translated into Spanish by Julio Boltvinik and Francisco Vásquez and published in Beccaria.)
-
Sen, Amartya (1983/1984) ‘Poor Relatively Speaking’, in Resources, Values and Development, Oxford: Basil Blackwell , pp 325–345.
-
Sen, Amartya (1985) Commodities and Capabilities, Amsterdam: North Holland.
-
Sen, Amartya (1987) The Standard of Living, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-
Sen, Amartya (1992) Inequality Reexamined, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
-
Shari, Ishak (1979) ‘Estimation of Poverty Lines and the Incidence of Poverty in Peninsular Malaysia, 1973’, Philippine Economic Journal, XVIII(42): 418–449.
-
Springborg, Patricia (1981) The Problem of Needs and the Critique of Civilisation, London: George Allen & Unwin.
-
Sraffa, Piero (1960) Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities: Prelude to a Critique of Economic Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-
Stewart, Frances (1996) ‘Basic Needs, Capabilities, and Human Development’, in Avner Offer (ed) In Pursuit of the Quality of Life, Oxford: Clarendon Press , pp 46–65.
-
Terrail, J.P., Edmond Preteceillle, Jean-Louis Moynot, Susana Magri, Patrice Grevet, Paul-Henry Chombart de Lauwe, et al. (1977) Necesidades y consumo en la sociedad capitalista actual, México: Grijalbo. (Translation from the French, ‘Besoins et Consommation’, La Pensée, 180 [1975]).
-
Thomson, Garret (1987) Needs, London and New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
-
Townsend, Peter (1954) ‘Measuring Poverty’, British Journal of Sociology, 5(2):130–137.
-
Townsend, Peter (1962) ‘The Meaning of Poverty’, British Journal of Sociology, 13(3): 210–227.
-
Townsend, Peter (1979) Poverty in the United Kingdom, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
-
Townsend, Peter (1993) The International Analysis of Poverty, London: Routledge.
-
Townsend, Peter and David Gordon (1993) ‘What Is Enough? The Definition of a Poverty Line’ in Peter Townsend (ed) The International Analysis of Poverty, London: Routledge, pp 40–78.
-
UDAPSO (Unidad de Análisis de Políticas Sociales) (1994) Gobierno de Bolivia, La Paz: Mapa de Pobreza de Bolivia.
-
UNDP (since 1990 annually) Human Development Reports, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
UNDP (1990) RLA/86/004, Bogotá: Desarrollo sin Pobreza.
-
UNDP, Development without Poverty, Bogotá (1992) PNUD, RLA/86/004, ‘Magnitud y evolución de la pobreza en América Latina’, Comercio Exterior, 42(4), Mexico, April, pp 380–392.
-
Vickery, Clair (1977) ‘The Time-Poor: A New Look at Poverty’, The Journal of Human Resources, XII(1): 27–48.
-
Villagómez, Paloma (2016) ‘Entre lo que se debe y lo que se puede: percepción y satisfacción de necesidades alimentarias en la Ciudad de México’, Acta Sociológica, 70(May-Aug): 99–128.
-
Warr, P. (1987) Unemployment and Mental Health, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
-
Watts, Harold (1968) ‘An Economic Definition of Poverty’, in Daniel P. Moynihan (ed) On Understanding Poverty: Perspectives from the Social Sciences, New York: Basic Books.
-
Wiggins, David (1987/2002) Needs, Values, Truth: Essays in the Philosophy of Value, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
-
Williams, Bernard (1987/2003) ‘Professor Sen on the Capability Approach’, in Amartya Sen (ed) (1987) Una traducción de extractos del texto de Williams fue publicada en Comercio Exterior, 53: 424–426(5).
-
Williams, Bernard (1990) ‘The Standard of Living: Interests and Capabilities’ in Amartya Sen (ed) (1985) The Standard of Living, The Tanner Lectures, pp 94–102. Extracts in Spanish (2003): ‘El nivel de vida. Intereses y capacidades’, Comercio Exterior, 53.
-
Wisor, Scott, Sharon Bessell, Fatima Castillo, Joanne Crawford, Kieran Donaghue, Janet Hunt, et al . (nd) ‘The Individual Deprivation Measure: A Gender-Sensitive Approach to Poverty Measurement’, International Women’s Development Agency, Australian National University, Oxfam.
-
World Bank (1990) World Development Report, 1990: Poverty, Washington, DC.
-
World Bank (1993) Poverty and Income Distribution in Latin America: The Story of the 1980s, Washington, DC.
| May 2022 onwards | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1737 | 407 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 7 | 1 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 12 | 3 | 0 |
Institutional librarians can find more information about free trials here
We are a leading social science publisher
committed to making a difference.
Bristol University Press and
Policy Press
bristoluniversitypress.co.uk