Few topics in education have dominated the news since 2021 as much as efforts to ban critical race theory (CRT) from public schools in the United States. The larger problem is the widespread effort to impede public education, stifling students’ opportunities to think critically about our nation’s history and denying them their right to a complete education. In September 2020, after protests over the police killing of George Floyd prompted new conversations about structural racism in the US, the Trump administration issued a memo to federal agencies directing them to identify and cancel any staff trainings that focused on CRT or “White privilege.” Weeks later, President Trump issued Executive Order 13950, prohibiting federal agencies and recipients of federal funding from teaching “divisive concepts,” including the idea that the US is “fundamentally racist or sexist.” Trump’s focus on CRT likely originated with a 2020 Fox News interview of Christopher F. Rufo, a conservative scholar, who warned of the “cult indoctrination” of CRT and the “danger and destruction it can wreak”; Rufo helped draft the Executive Order. Conservative think tanks, thought leaders, media figures, and politicians operationalized and conflated “divisive concepts” to mean “CRT”—a college-level analytical framework rarely taught in K-12 schools that examines how race and racism intersect with other forms of social identity, power, and oppression. The theory, which emerged in the mid-1980s in American law schools, holds that racism is not simply expressed on a microlevel but, rather, is deeply rooted in the nation’s laws, policies, regulations, and institutions.
Alexander, T., Clark, L. B., Reinhard, K., and Zatz, N. (2023) Tracking the attack on Critical Race Theory. CRT Forward. Available from: https://crtforward.law.ucla.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2023/04/UCLA-Law_CRT-Report_Final.pdf
American Library Association (ALA) (2023) Unite Against Book Bans Toolkit. Available from: https://uniteagainstbookbans.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/UABB-Toolkit-2-17-2023.pdf
Harris, E. A. and Alter, A. (2022) A fast-growing network of conservative groups is fueling a surge in book Bans. The New York Times, [online] December 12. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/12/books/book-bans-libraries.html
Knox, L. (2023) Anti-CRT measures exploded last year, report finds. Available from: https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2023/04/07/anti-crt-measures-exploded-last-year-report-finds
López, F., Molnar, A., Johnson, R., Patterson, A., Ward, L., and Kumashiro, K. (2022) Understanding the attacks on Critical Race Theory. National Education Policy Center . Available from: https://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/crt
Morgan, H. (2022). Resisting the movement to ban Critical Race Theory from schools. The Clearing House, 95(1): 35–41.
National Center for Institutional Diversity (2023) Spark Series: Miseducating the Public. University of Michigan. Available from: https://lsa.umich.edu/ncid/news-events/all-news/spark/series-essays/spark-series-miseducating-the-public.html
National Coalition Against Censorship (2023a) Kids Rights to Read Action Kit. Available from: https://ncac.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/KRRP-Action-Kit-2022.pdf
National Education Association (2021) Racial Justice in Education Framework. Available from: https://www.nea.org/resource-library/racial-justice-education-framework
U.S. Department of Education (2022) 2022 Agency Equity Plan Related to Executive Order 13985. Available from: https://www2.ed.gov/documents/equity/2022-equity-plan.pdf
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