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We did not appreciate it fully at the time, but Hurricane Katrina was a warning to all of us. The storm and its aftermath provided a glimpse into a future where housing insecurity and climate change combine with devastating effect to reshape entire social and physical landscapes. The storm damaged more than a million homes and displaced about a million people. Almost 2,000 residents lost their lives and 3 million required federal assistance in the aftermath. While exact numbers may never be available, we do know that for many the displacement from the city was permanent, and that Black residents, many of them renters or residents of since demolished public housing, were the least likely to return. As of 2020, New Orleans had lost 21 percent of its pre-Katrina population. The response to the storm and the way—and for whom—the city was rebuilt provide a cautionary tale about the intersections of housing, race, and class as we enter a new era of climate change. Housing insecurity is conventionally measured by affordability, with households paying more than 30 percent of income considered cost burdened. This is a crude and insufficient measure in many ways. It does not, for example, account for overall income—30 percent is clearly not burdensome in any meaningful way for wealthy households, while poor households may be burdened by costs far below the 30 percent threshold.
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Black Hive (2023) The Black Climate Mandate, Movement for Black Lives. Available from: https://m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/The-Black-Climate-Mandate-2022-The-Black-Hive-@M4BL.pdf
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Caffentzis, G. and Federici, S. (2014) Commons against and beyond capitalism, Community Development Journal, 49(1): 92–105.
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Cohen, D. A. (2018) Climate Justice and the Right to the City, Current Research on Sustainable Urban Development, University of Pennsylvania.
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DeLuca, S. and Rosen, E. (2022) Housing insecurity among the poor today, Annual Review of Sociology, 343–71.
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Echeverria, F., Gordon, L., Majid, M., Rupani, S. and Samara, T.R. (2018) Rooted in Home: Community Based Alternatives to the Bay Area Housing Crisis, Urban Habitat and East Bay Community Law Center.
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Fullilove Thompson, M. (2016) Root Shock: How Tearing Up City Neighborhoods Hurts Americans and What We Can Do About It, New Village Press.
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Kirk, C. (2023) Decarbonzing California: A Guide To Tenant Protections In Building Upgrades/Retrofits Throughout The State, Strategic Actions for a Just Economy. Available from: https://www.saje.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Decarbonizing-California-Equitably-Report-1.pdf
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Red Nation (2021) Red Deal: Indigenous Actions to Save Our Earth, Common Notions.
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Schlosberg, D. and Collins, L.B. (2014) From environmental to climate justice: climate change and the discourse of environmental justice, WIREs Climate Change. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.275
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Smith, N. (1996) The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City, Routledge.
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