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Current hate crime policy and practice is dominated by a criminal justice approach, focused on reporting and prosecuting acts of harassment and violence. While this is crucially important for victims and wider communities, it does not address the micro and local contexts, and wider structural factors, that contribute to the production of hate. The chapter adopts a socio-ecological model to examine the different scales of influence that shape the incidence of hate, and to identify potential points and spaces for intervention. This model draws on an emerging public health approach to hate, emphasizing preventative measures. The chapter discusses examples of prevention, including Community Safety Partnerships, safe spaces, addressing broader causal factors or ‘atmospheres’; and non-criminal justice responses, including restorative justice, community-based initiatives to improve social relations and celebrate diversity, and information and education campaigns.
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