2:
This chapter describes three perspectives on policy and policy making. First, policy analysis is research for policy: defining problems, seeking solutions, identifying trade-offs, estimating their effects, and making recommendations. Second, policy studies is research of policy and policy making: what policy is, who makes it, how policy makers understand problems, and limits to their influence. Third, critical policy analysis identifies: who is involved, who decides, who benefits, and how to challenge inequitable processes and outcomes. The chapter shows how all three perspectives are essential to our understanding of policy making.
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Cairney, P. (2022) ‘Why is there high support for, but low likelihood of, drug consumption rooms in Scotland?’, Paul Cairney: Politics & Public Policy, 31 May, https://paulcairney.wordpress.com/2022/05/31/why-is-there-high-support-for-but-low-likelihood-of-drug-consumption-rooms-in-scotland/ (A: 16.09.22)
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Cairney, P. (2023a) ‘What does policy making look like?’, Paul Cairney: Politics & Public Policy, 13 February, https://paulcairney.wordpress.com/2023/02/13/what-does-policymaking-look-like/ (A: 19.04.23)
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Cairney, P. (2023b) ‘Evidence-based policy making’ in Tosun, J. and Graziano, P. (eds) Encyclopedia of European Union Public Policy (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar)
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Cairney, P. and McGarvey, N. (2013) Scottish Politics, 2nd edn (London: Palgrave)
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Cairney, P. and Studlar, D. (2014) ‘Public health policy in the United Kingdom: After the war on tobacco, is a war on alcohol brewing?’, World Medical and Health Policy, 6, 3, 308–323
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Cairney, P. and Geyer, R. (2015) ‘Introduction: A new direction in policy making theory and practice?’ in Geyer, R. and Cairney, P. (eds) Handbook on Complexity and Public Policy (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar), 83–99
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Cairney, P. and Jordan, G. (2015) ‘Theories of the policy process: What is British and what is universal?’, British Politics, 10, 4, 486–492, https://doi.org/10.1057/bp.2015.32
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Cairney, P. and Weible, C. (2015) ‘Comparing and contrasting Peter Hall’s paradigms and ideas with the advocacy coalition framework’ in Howlett, M. and Hogan, J. (eds) Policy Paradigms in Theory and Practice (Basingstoke: Palgrave), 83–89
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Cairney, P. and Kwiatkowski, R. (2017) ‘How to communicate effectively with policymakers: Combine insights from psychology and policy studies’, Palgrave Communications, 3, 37, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-017-0046-8
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Cairney, P. and St Denny, E. (2020) Why Isn’t Government Policy More Preventive? (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
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Cairney, P. and Wellstead, A. (2021) ‘COVID-19: Effective policy making depends on trust in experts, politicians, and the public’, Policy Design and Practice, 4, 1, 1–14, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25741292.2020.1837466
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Cairney, P. and Kippin, S. (2022) ‘The future of education equity policy in a COVID-19 world: A qualitative systematic review of lessons from education policymaking’, Open Research Europe, 1, 78, https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13834.2
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Cairney, P. and Toth, F. (2023) ‘The politics of COVID-19 experts: Comparing winners and losers in Italy and the UK’, Policy and Society, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puad011
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Cairney, P., Studlar, D. and Mamudu, H. (2012) Global Tobacco Control: Power, Policy, Governance and Transfer (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan)
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Cairney,