8: Conclusions

Author:
Restricted access
Rights and permissions Cite this chapter

This chapter concludes on the possibility of generating a positive theory of social justice for labour law by changing the way in which ‘personhood’ is conceived. In the chapter it is argued that there are three main positive effects for labour law of adopting a more relational approach to personhood. This approach brings together the work of Marxist, feminist, and classical labour law scholars; it is an inclusive critical agenda. Second, addressing personhood at the heart of labour law is a way of reconciling some of labour law’s greatest contradictions and theoretical dilemmas. Third, the relationship between labour law and personhood is not just a theoretical issue; it is crucial to engage with personhood in order to move forward with a labour law agenda for social justice. The hope is that changing the way in which we view personhood as a matter of labour law will lead to law and policies which are more effective in improving the lives of workers. In particular, embedding relationality will make us more able to respond to labour market change.

  • Abrams, K.From Autonomy to Agency: Feminist Perspectives on Self-Direction’ (1999) 40 Williams and Mary Law Review 805.

  • Adams, Z.Labour Law, Capitalism and the Juridical Form: Taking a Critical Approach to Questions of Labour Law Reform’ (2021) 50 (3) Industrial Law Journal 434.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Adams, Z.One Step Forward for Employment Status, Still Some Way to Go: The Supreme Court’s Decision in Uber v Aslam under Scrutiny’ (2021) 80 Cambridge Law Journal 221.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Adams, Z.Legal Mobilizations, Trade Unions and Radical Social Change: A Case Study of the IWGB’ (2023) 52 (2) Industrial Law Journal 560.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Adams, Z., Barnard, C., Deakin, S., and Fraser-Butlin, S. Deakin and Morris’ Labour Law (Oxford: Hart 2021).

  • Adams-Prassl, J.What if Your Boss Was an Algorithm? Economic Incentives, Legal Challenges and the Rise of Artificial Intelligence’ (2019) 41 Comparative Labour Law and Policy Journal 123.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration ServiceReasonable Adjustments at Work’ (November 2022), available at: www.acas.org.uk/reasonable-adjustments

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Aloisi, A.Automation, Augmentation, Autonomy: Labour Regulation and the Digital Transformation of Managerial Prerogatives’ in T. Gyulavari and E. Menegatti (eds) Decent Work in a Digital Age: European and Comparative Perspectives Oxford: Hart 2022).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Aloisi, A. and Gramano, E.Artificial Intelligence Is Watching You at Work: Digital Surveillance, Employee Monitoring and Regulatory Issues in the EU Context’ (2019) 41 Comparative Labour Law and Policy Journal 95.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Andersson, P. and Novitz, T.COVID-19 at Work: Exposing How Risk Is Assessed and its Consequences in England and Sweden’ (2022) Bristol University Research Papers 31, available at: bristol.ac.uk/law/research/legal-research-papers.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Anthony, T.Marx and Anticolonialism’ in F. Gordon (ed) Leading Works in Law and Social Justice (Oxford: Routledge 2020).

  • Arendt, H. Totalitarianism: Part Three of the Origins of Totalitarianism (FL: Harcourt 1968).

  • Arkwright, A.Can your employer force you back into the office’ (September 2021), available at: www.tuc.org.uk/blogs/can-your-employer-force-you-back-office.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ashiagabor, D.Race and Colonialism in the Construction of Labour Markets and Precarity’ (2021) 50 (4) Industrial Law Journal 506.

  • Atkinson, J.Human Rights as Foundations for Labour Law’ in H. Collins, G. Lester, and V. Mantouvalou (eds) Philosophical Foundations of Labour Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2018).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Atkinson, J. and Dhorajiwala, H.IWGB v Roofoods: Status, Rights and Substitution’ (2019) 48 (2) Industrial Law Journal 278.

  • Atkinson, J. and Dhorajiwala, H.The Future of Employment: Purposive Interpretation and the Role of Contract after Uber’ (2022) 85 (3) Modern Law Review 787.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Autor, D.Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation’ (2015) 29 Journal of Economic Perspectives 3.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bales, K., Bogg, A., and Novitz, T.Voice and Choice in Modern Working Practices: Problems with the Taylor Review’ (2018) 47 (1) Industrial Law Journal 46.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Baker, A, ‘The “Range of Reasonable Responses” Test: A Poor Substitution for the Statutory Language’ (2021) 50 (2) Industrial Law Journal 226.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Baxi, U. The Future of Human Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2002), 132.

  • Benson, M.The Political Economy of Women’s Liberation’ (1969) 21 (7) Monthly Review 13.

  • Benson, P.Oppressive Socialization’ (1991) 17 Social Theory and Practice 385.

  • Berg, J.Protecting Workers in the Digital Age: Technology, Outsourcing and the Growing Precariousness of Work’ (2019) 41 Comparative Labour Law and Policy Journal 96.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bertolini, A. and Dukes, R.Trade Unions and Platform Workers in the UK: Worker Representation in the Shadow of the Law’ (2021) 50 (4) Industrial Law Journal 662.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bisom-Rapp, S. and Sargeant, M.Acknowledging but Transcending Gender at Work: Applying the Model of Lifetime Disadvantage and Vulnerability Theory to Women’s Poverty in Retirement’ in M.A. Fineman and J. Fineman (eds) Vulnerability and the Legal Organisation of Work (London: Routledge 2017).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bodie, M.T. et al ‘The Law and Policy of People Analytics’ (2017) 88 University of Colorado Law Review 961, 971.

  • Bogg, A.The Hero’s Journey: Lord Wedderburn and the “Political Constitution” of Labour Law’ (2015) 44 (3) Industrial Law Journal 229.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bogg, A.Individualism and Collectivism in Collective Labour Law’ (2017) 46 (1) Industrial Law Journal 72.

  • Bogg, A.Status Update? Why Employment Status Is a Political Issue’ (2019) Futures of Work, available at: https://futuresofwork.co.uk/2019/12/09/status-update-why-employment-status-is-a-political-issue/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bogg, A. and Ewing, K.Collective Bargaining and Individual Contracts in Kostal UK Limited v Dunkley: A Wilson and Palmer for the Twenty-First Century?’ (2020) 49 (3) Industrial Law Journal 43.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bogg, A. and Ford, M.The Death of Contract in Determining Employment Status’ (2021) 137 Law Quarterly Review 392.

  • Boubil, E .The Ethics of Vulnerability and the Phenomenology of Interdependency’ (2018) 49 (3) 183, 184.

  • Braudo-Bahat, Y.Towards a Relational Conceptualization of the Right to Personal Autonomy’ (2017) 25 (2) Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law 111.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Breese, E.How does sick pay in the UK compare to the rest of the world’, Big Issue (April 2023), available at: https://bigissue.com/news/employment/how-does-britains-sick-pay-compare-to-the-rest-of-the-world/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brione, P. and Day, S.House of Commons Library: Artificial Intelligence and Employment Law’ (11 August 2023), available at: https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9817/CBP-9817.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brodie, D.Confronting the Gig Economy’ (2021) 2 Juridical Review 102.

  • Brodie, D.Collectivism in Labour Law: Only by Exception’ (2022) 5 (2) Industrial Law Journal 464.

  • Brodtkkorb, T.Employee Misconduct and UK Dismissal Law: Does the Range of Reasonable Responses Test Require Reform?’ (2010) 52 (6) International Journal of Law and Management 429.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brook, P.In Critical Defence of Emotional Labour: Refuting Bolton’s Critique of Hochschild’s Concept’ (2009) 23 (3) Work, Employment and Society 531.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bruun, N., Lorcher, K., and Schomann, I. The Economic and Financial Crisis and Labour Law in Europe (Oxford: Hart 2014).

  • Busby, N. and James, G. A History of Regulating Working Families: Strains, Stereotypes, Strategies and Solutions (Oxford: Hart 2020).

  • Byron, C.Marx’s Theory of Human Nature’ (2016) 80 (3) Science and Society 375.

  • Cabrelli, D.The Hierarchy of Differing Behavioural Standards of Review in Labour Law’ (2011) 40 (2) Industrial Law Journal 146.

  • Cai, M. Moore, S., Ball, C., Flynn, M., and Mulkearn, K.The Role of Union Health and Safety Representatives During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of the UK Food Processing, Distribution, and Retail Sectors’ (2022) 53 Industrial Relations Journal 390.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Campbell, B.Social Justice and Sociological Theory’ (2021) 58 Society 355.

  • Campbell, T.Human Rights: Moral or Legal’ in D. Kinley, W. Sadurski, and K. Walton (eds) Human Rights: Old Problems, New Possibilities (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar 2014).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cammack, P.Marx on Social Reproduction’ (2020) 28 (2) Historical Materialism 1.

  • Carniol, B. Social Services and Social Justice in Canada (Toronto: Between the Lines 2010).

  • Carse, A.Vulnerability, Agency and Human Flourishing’ in C. Taylor and R. Dell’Oro (eds) Health and Human Flourishing (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press 2006).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Casalone, C. et al ‘Human-centric AI: From Principles to Actionable and Shared Policies’ (September 2021), available at: www.g20-insights.org/policy_briefs/human-centric-ai-from-principles-to-actionable-and-shared-policies/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cefaliello, A. and Kullman, M.Offering False Security: How the Draft Artificial Intelligence Act Undermines Fundamental Workers Rights’ (2022) European Labour Law Journal 121.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Choonara, J. Murgia, A., and Miguel Carmo, R. Faces of Precarity: Critical Perspectives on Work, Subjectivities and Struggles (Bristol: Bristol University Press 2022).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Christman, J.Autonomy, Independence, and Poverty-Related Welfare Policies’ (1998) 12 Public Affairs Quarterly 383.

  • Colling, T.Court in a Trap? Legal Mobilisation by Trade Unions in the United Kingdom’ (2009) No 91 Warwick Papers in Industrial Relations.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Collins, H.Theories of Rights as Justifications for Labour Law’ in G. Davidov and B. Langille (eds) The Idea of Labour Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011), 137.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Conaghan, J.Work, Family and the Discipline of Labour Law’ in J. Conaghan and K. Rittich (eds) Labour Law, Work and Family (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2005).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Conaghan, J.Labour Law and Feminist Method’ (2017) (33) 1 International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 93.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Conway, E.Coronavirus: we are all in this together – but some more than others’, Sky News (4 May 2020), available at: https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-were-all-in-this-together-but-some-more-than-others-11981917.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Coyle, S.Vulnerability and the Liberal Order’ in M. Fineman and A. Greer (eds) Vulnerability: Reflections on a New Ethical Foundation for Law and Politics (London: Routledge 2013).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Crain, M.Sex Discrimination as Collective Harm’ in D.S. Cobble (ed) The Sex of Class: Women Transforming American Labor (New York: Cornell University Press 2011).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Creighton, B.A Retreat from Individualism? The Fair Work Act 2009 and the Re-Collectivisation of Australian Labour Law’ (2011) 40 Industrial Law Journal 116.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cruz, K., Bales, K., and Sanders, T.False Self-Employment, Autonomy and Regulating for Decent Work: Improving Working Conditions in the UK Stripping Industry’ (2016) 55 (2) British Journal of Industrial Relations 274.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Daguerre, A.The Unemployed and the Moral Case for Benefit Sanctions’ (2015) 22 Journal of Social Security Law 130.

  • Dahlin, E.Are Robots Really Stealing our Jobs? Perception versus Experience’ (2022) 8 Socius (online).

  • Daskova, V.Regulating the New Self-Employed in the Uber Economy: What Role for EU Competition Law? (2018) 19 German Law Journal 461.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Davidov, G.Three Axes of Employment Relationships: A Characterisation of Workers in Need of Protection’ (2002) 52 University of Toronto Law Journal357.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Davidov, G.Collective Bargaining: Purpose and Scope’ (2004) 20 International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 81.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Davidov, G. A Purposive Approach to Labour Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016).

  • Davidov, G.Subordination vs Domination: Exploring the Differences’ (2017) 33 (3) International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 365.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • De Stefano, V.The Rise of the Just-in-Time Workforce: On-Demand Work, Crowdwork and Labour Protection in the Gig Economy37 (2016) Comparative Labour Law and Policy Journal 471.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • De Stefano, V.Negotiating the Algorithm: Automation, Artificial Intelligence and Labor Protection’ (2019) 41 Comparative Labour Law and Policy Journal 15.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Deakin, S.Does the Personal Employment Contract Provide a Basis for the Reunification of Employment Law?’ (2007) Industrial Law Journal 36 (1) 68.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Derham, D.Theories of Legal Personality’ in L.C. Webb (ed) Legal Personality and Political Pluralism (New York: Cambridge University Press 1958).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dews, P. Logics of Disintegration: Poststructuralist Thought and the Claims of Critical Theory (London: Verso 1987).

  • Dodh, P.Globalisation and Human Rights in India: A Communitarian and Multicultural Perspective’ (2020) 20 (4) World Affairs 44.

  • Donnelly, J.Human Rights as Natural Rights’ (1982) 4 (3) Human Rights Quarterly 391.

  • Donnelly, J. Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice (2nd edn, London: Cornell University Press 2003).

  • Dukes, R.Constitutionalising Employment Relations: Sinzheimer, Kahn-Freund and the Role of Labour Law’ (2005) 35 (3) Journal of Law and Society 341.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dukes, R. The Labour Constitution: The Enduring Idea of Labour Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2014).

  • Dukes, R. and Streek, W. Democracy at Work: Contract, Status and Industrial Justice (Cambridge: Polity Press 2022).

  • Dworkin, R. Law’s Empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1986).

  • Estlund, C.Book Review: For Labor to Build On: Wars, Depression, and Pandemic by William B. Gould IV (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2022)’ (2023) 52 (3) Industrial Law Journal 834.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Eurofound Automation, Digitalisation and Platforms: Implications for Work and Employment (Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 2018).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • European CommissionCommunication from the Commission: Artificial Intelligence in Europe’ (25 April 2018) COM (2018) 237 final, available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0237&from=EN.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • European Economic and Social Committee Artificial Intelligence – The consequences of artificial intelligence on the (digital) single market, production, consumption, employment and society 2017 OJ C 288 1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • European Parliament Amendments adopted by the European Parliament on 14 June 2023 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and amending certain Union legislative acts (COM (2021)0206) – C90146/2021 (2021/0106/COD).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • European Trade Union InstituteAI – Humans must be in command’ (17 February 2020), available at: www.etuc.org/en/document/ai-humans-must-be-command.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • European Trade Union InstitutePress Release’ (17 February 2020), available at: www.etuc.org/en/pressrelease/etuc-response-commission-strategies-digital-and-ai#:~:text=Commenting%20on%20the%20launch%20of%20the%20European%20Commission%E2%80%99s,surveillance%20or%20discriminatory%20treatment%20because%20of%20biased%20algorithms.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ewing, K.Tomlinson-Blake in the Supreme Court’, UK Labour Law Blog (28 April 2021), available at: https://uklabourlawblog.com/.

  • Ewing, K. and Hendy, J. QC ‘The Strasbourg Court Treats Trade Unionists with Contempt: Svenska Transportarbetareförbundet and Seko v Sweden (2017) Industrial Law Journal 46 (3) 435.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ewing, K. and Hendy, J.Covid-19 and the Failure of Labour Law: Part 1’ (2020) 49 (4) Industrial Law Journal 497.

  • Ewing, K. Hendy, J., and Jones, C. Manifesto for Labour Law (Liverpool: Institute of Employment Rights 2016).

  • Ewing, K., Hendy, J., and Jones, C. Rolling Out the Manifesto for Labour Law (Liverpool: Institute of Employment Rights 2018), 367.

  • FairworkThe Gig Economy and Covid-19: Fairwork Report on Platform Policies’ (April 2020), available at: https://fair.work/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2020/11/COVID19-Report-Final.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Farquharson, C., Rasul, I., and Sibieta, L. Differences Between Key Workers (London: Institute for Fiscal Studies 2020).

  • Finegan, T.Conceptual Foundation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Human Rights, Human Dignity and Personhood’ (2012) 37 Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy 182.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fineman, J.The Vulnerable Subject at Work: A New Perspective on the Employment-at-will Debate’ (2013) 43 Southwestern Law Review 275.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fineman, M.Challenging Law, Establishing Difference: The Future of Feminist Legal Scholarship’ (1990) 42 Florida Law Review 25.

  • Fineman, M. The Autonomy Myth: A Theory of Dependency (New York: The New Press 2004).

  • Fineman, M.The Vulnerable Subject: Anchoring Equality in the Human Condition’ (2008) 20 (1) Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 1.

  • Fineman, M.Beyond Identities: The Limits of an Antidiscrimination Approach to Equality’ (2012) 92 Boston University Law Review 1713.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fineman, M. ‘“Elderly” as Vulnerable: Rethinking the Nature of Individual and Societal Responsibility’ (2012) 20 Elder Law Journal 101.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fineman, M.Introducing Vulnerability’ in M.A. Fineman and J.W. Fineman (eds) Vulnerability and the Legal Organisation of Work (London: Routledge 2018).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fineman, M.Vulnerability and Social Justice’ (2019) 53 Valparaiso University Law Review 34170, 368.

  • Friedman, M.Relational Autonomy and Individuality’ (2013) 63 University of Toronto Law Journal 327.

  • Foucault, M.The Subject and Power’ (1982) 8 Critical Enquiry 777.

  • Fox Piven, F. and Cloward, R. Poor People’s Movements, Why They Succeed, How They Fail (New York: Vintage 2012).

  • Fraser, N. Fortunes of Feminism (London: Verso 2013).

  • Fraser, N.Behind Marx’s Hidden Abode: For an Expanded Conception of Capitalism’ in P. Deutscher and C. Lafont (eds) Critical Theory in Critical Times: Transforming the Global Political and Social Order (New York: Columbia University Press 2017).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fredman, S.Labour Law in Flux: The Changing Composition of the Workforce’ (1997) 26 (4) Industrial Law Journal 337.

  • Fredman, S.Substantive Equality Revisited’ (2016) 14 International Journal of Constitutional Law 712.

  • Freedland, M. The Personal Employment Contract (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2003).

  • Freedland, M.Otto Kahn-Freund, the Contract of Employment and the Autonomy of Labour Law’ in A. Bogg, C. Costello, A.C.L. Davies, and J. Prassl (eds) The Autonomy of Labour Law (Oxford: Hart 2015).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Freedland, M. and Kountouris, N. The Legal Construction of Personal Work Relations (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011).

  • Fudge, J.From Women and Labour Law to Putting Gender and Law to Work’ in M. Davies and V. Munro (eds) The Ashgate Research Companion to Feminist Legal Theory (London: Ashgate 2013).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fudge, J.Feminist Reflections on the Scope of Labour Law: Domestic Work, Social Reproduction, and Jurisdiction’ (2014) 22 Feminist Legal Studies 1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Garben, S.The Constitutional Imbalance Between the “Market” and the “Social” in the European Union’ (2017) 13 (1) European Journal of Constitutional Law 23.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Giddens, A. Capitalism and Modern Social Theory: An Analysis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim and Weber (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1971).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gilabert, P.Dignity at Work’ in H. Collins, G. Lester, and V. Mantouvalou (eds) Philosophies of Labour Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2018).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gilson, E.Vulnerability, Ignorance and Oppression’ (2011) 26 (2) Hypatia 308.

  • Glasbeek, H.Coerced and Unfree in the Private Sector’ (2018) 26 (2) Critical Criminology 579.

  • Goldin, A.Labour Subordination and the Subjective Weakening of Labour Law’ in G. Davidov and B. Langille (eds) Boundaries and Frontiers of Labour Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Grear, A.Challenging Corporate Legal Humanity: Legal Disembodiment, Embodiment and Human Rights’ (2007) 7 (3) Human Rights Law Review 511.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Grear, A. Redirecting Human Rights: Facing the Challenge of Corporate Humanity (London: Palgrave Macmillan 2010).

  • Grear, A.Deconstructing Anthropos: A Critical Legal Reflection on “Anthropocentric” Law and Anthropocene Humanity’ (2015) 26 Law and Critique 52.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Grear, A.Embracing Vulnerability: Notes Towards Human Rights for a More-Than-Human World’ in D. Bedford and J. Herring (eds) Embracing Vulnerability: The Challenges and Implications for Law (London: Routledge 2020).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Griffin, J. On Human Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2008).

  • Haipeter, T. and Hoose, F.Don’t Gig Up: Never!: Country Case Study Report Germany’ (May 2023), available at: www.dontgigup.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Dontgigupnever_case-studies_GERMANY_ENG.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hart, H.L.A.Are There any Natural Rights’ in A. Quinton (eds) Political Philosophy (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1967).

  • Hayek, F.A. Law, Legislation and Liberty (London: Taylor and Francis 1982).

  • Hayek, F.A. The Constitution of Liberty (London: Routledge 2006).

  • Hendrickx, F.Foundations and Functions of Contemporary Labour Law’ (2012) 3 (2) European Labour Law Journal 108.

  • Hendy, J. and Ewing, K. Reconstruction after the Crisis: A Manifesto for Collective Bargaining (Liverpool: Institute of Employment Rights 2013).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hepple, B.Factors Influencing the Making and Transformation of Labour Law in Europe’ in G. Davidov and B. Langille (eds) The Idea of Labour Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Herring, J.Defining Vulnerability’ in J. Herring (ed) Vulnerable Adults and the Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016), 10.

  • Hochschild, A. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling (3rd edn, Berkeley, CA: California University Press 2012).

  • Horton, R.Independent Science Advice for C-19 – At Last’ (9 May 2020), The Lancet.

  • HSEHSE’s enforcement of guidelines on coronavirus (COVID-19) in workplaces’ available at: www.hse.gov.uk/coronavirus/regulating-health-and-safety/enforcement-coronavirus.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • HSEProtect vulnerable workers during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic’, available at: www.hse.gov.uk/coronavirus/working-safely/protect-people.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • HSE Reducing Risks, Protecting People: HSE’s Decision-Making Process (Norwich: HSE 2001).

  • HSERisk assessment: Steps needed to manage risk’ – HSE, available at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/simple-health-safety/risk/steps-needed-to-manage-risk.htm

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Industrial Disablement Benefits SchemeIndustrial Disablement Scheme: Technical guidance (updated 11 July 2023)’, available at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/industrial-injuries-disablement-benefits-technical-guidance/industrial-injuries-disablement-benefits-technical-guidance#appendix-1-list-of-diseases-covered-by-industrial-injuries-disablement-benefit.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Industrial Injuries Advisory CouncilCOVID-19 and occupational impacts’, available at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-and-occupational-impacts/covid-19-and-occupational-impacts#recommendations.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ingram, J.K.Work and the Workman: An Address to the Trades Union Congress’ (1880–1) Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland 106.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • International Labour OrganizationILO Centenary Declaration for the Future of Work’ (21 June 2019), available at: www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_norm/@relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_711674.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • International Labour OrganizationILO Monitor: COVID 19 and the World of Work’, 7th edn, 25 January 2021, 20, available at: www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-dgreports/-dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_767028.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • IOSH MagazineThe Robens Report: 50 years on’ (May/June 2022), available at: www.ioshmagazine.com/2022/04/26/robens-report-50-years.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • James, P.HSE and Covid at work: A case of regulatory failure’ (Liverpool: Institute of Employment Rights 2021), available at: www.ier.org.uk/product/hse-and-covid-at-work-a-case-ofregulatory-failure/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Johnson, D. A Brief History of Justice (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell 2011).

  • Jones, P. Rights: Issues in Political Theory (Basingstoke: Palgrave 1994).

  • Jydebjerg, C.S.Vulnerability, Workfare Law and Resilient Social Justice’ in M.A. Fineman and J. Fineman (eds) Vulnerability and the Legal Organisation of Work (London: Routledge 2017).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kahn-Freund, O.Intergroup Conflicts and Their Settlement’ (1954) The British Journal of Sociology 193.

  • Kahn-Freund, O.Legal Framework’ in A. Flanders and H. Clegg (eds) The System of Industrial Relations in Great Britain (Oxford: Basil Blackwell 1954).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kahn-Freund, O.Labour Law’ reprinted in O. Kahn-Freund, Selected Writings (London: Stevens 1978).

  • Kahn-Freund, O. Selected Writings (London: Stevens 1978).

  • Kahn-Freund, O.Hugo Sinzheimer 1875–1945’ in R. Lewis and J. Clark (eds) Labour Law and Politics in the Weimar Republic (Oxford: Basil Blackwell 1981).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kahn-Freund, O. Labour and the Law (London: Stevens 1983).

  • Kairys, D. (ed) The Politics of Law: A Progressive Critique (New York: Pantheon 1982).

  • Kairys, D.Law and Politics’ (1984) 52 George Washington Law Review 243.

  • Kant, I. Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals (tr J.W. Ellington, Indianapolis, IN: Hackett 1981).

  • Kant, I.Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals’ in L.W. Beck (ed) Kant Selections (New York: Macmillan 1988).

  • Kant, I. Metaphysics of Morals (tr M. Gregor, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1996).

  • Katsaroumpas, I.Crossing the Rubicon: The Strikes (Minimum Service Levels) Act 2023 as an Authoritarian Crucible’ (2023) Industrial Law Journal forthcoming (available advanced access).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Knox, R.Law, Neoliberalism and the Constitution of Political Subjectivity: The Case of Organised LabourNeoliberal Legality (Oxford: Routledge 2016).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Knox, R.A Marxist Approach to RMT v The United Kingdom’ in D. Gonzalez-Salzberg and L. Hodson (eds) Research Methods in Human Rights Law: Beyond the Traditional Paradigm (Oxford: Routledge 2019).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kolben, K.Labor Rights as Human Rights’ (2009) 50 Virginia Journal of International Law 449.

  • Kountouris, N.The Concept of “Worker” in European Labour Law’ (2018) 47 (2) Industrial Law Journal 192.

  • Kritzman, A. (ed) Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings 1977–1984 (London: Routledge 1988).

  • Kurki, V.A.J. A Theory of Legal Personhood (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2019).

  • Langille, B.The Freedom of Association Mess and How We Got into it and How We Can Get out of it’ (2009) 54 McGill Law Journal 177.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Langille, B.Labour Law’s Theory of Justice’ in G. Davidov and B. Langille (eds) The Idea of Labour Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Langille, B. and Trebilcock, A.Introduction: A Framework for Thinking about the Future of Social Justice’ in B. Langille and A Trebilcock (eds) Social Justice and the World of Work: Possible Global Futures (Oxford: Hart 2023).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Legge, K.Ethics and Work’ in M. Korczynski et al (eds) Social Theory at Work (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2006).

  • Leighton, P, and Wynn, M.Classifying Employment Relationships – More Sliding Doors or a Better Regulatory Framework? (2011) 40 (1) Industrial Law Journal 5.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lukes, S. Individualism (Oxford: Blackwell 1973).

  • Lupton, D. The Quantified Self: A Sociology of Self-Tracking (Cambridge: Polity 2016).

  • MacKenzie, C.Feminist Innovation in Philosophy: Relational Autonomy and Social Justice’ (2019) 72 Women’s Studies International Forum 144.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • MacKinnon, C.Francis Biddle’s Sister: Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech’ and ‘The Sexual Politics of the First Amendment’ in Feminism Unmodified (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1987).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • MacKinnon, C.Substantive Equality Revisited: A Reply to Sandra Fredman’ (2016) 14 International Journal of Constitutional Law 739.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Manning, C.Artificial Intelligence Definitions’ (September 2020), available at: https://hai.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/2020-09/AI-Definitions-HAI.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mantouvalou, V.Are Labour Rights Human Rights’ (2012) 3 (2) European Labour Law Journal 15172.

  • Mantouvalou, V.Labour Rights in the European Convention on Human Rights: An Intellectual Justification for an Integrated Approach to Interpretation (2013) 13 (3) Human Rights Law Review 529.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mantouvalou, V.Welfare to Work, Structural Injustice and Human Rights’ (2020) 83 (5) Modern Law Review 929.

  • Mantouvalou, V. Structural Injustice and Labour Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2023).

  • Marx, K.Fragment on Machines’ in K. Marx (ed) Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy translated with a forward by M. Nicolau (London: Penguin 1858/1993).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Marx, K.Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844’ in D. McLellan (ed) Karl Marx: Selected Writings (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2000).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Marx, K.On the Jewish Question’ in D. McLellan (ed) Karl Marx: Selected Writings (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2000).

  • Marx, K. Das Kapital: A Critique of Political Economy (Seattle: Pacifica Publishing Studio 2010).

  • McCann, D.Temporal Casualisation and “Availability Time”: Mencap, Uber and the Framed Flexibility Model’, SSRN (27 April 2020), available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3789540 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3789540.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McClain, L.C.Formative Projects, Formative Influences: Of Martha Albertson Fineman and Feminist, Liberal and Vulnerable Subject’ (2018) 67 Emory Law Journal 1175.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McColgan, A. Discrimination Law: Text, Cases and Materials (Oxford: Hart 2005).

  • McDowell, L.Thinking Through Work: Complex Inequalities, Constructions of Difference and Trans-National Migrants’ (2008) 32 Progress in Human Geography 491.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McNay, L. Foucault and Feminism: Power, Gender, and the Self (Cambridge: Polity Press 1992).

  • Meyers, D.T.Decentralising Autonomy: Five Faces of Selfhood in J. Christman and J. Anderson (eds) Autonomy and the Challenges to Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2005).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Moore, M.Liberalism, Communitarianism and the Politics of Identity’ in T. Christiano and J. Christman, Contemporary Debates in Political Philosophy (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell 2009).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Moore, P. The Quantified Self in Precarity: Work Technology and What Counts (New York: Routledge 2018), 6.

  • Moore, P.AI Trainers: Who Is the Smart Worker Today’ in P. Moore and J. Woodcock (eds) Augmented Exploitation: Artificial Intelligence and Work (London: Pluto Press 2021).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Moseley, J. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Employment Cases (London: LexisNexis 2023).

  • Naffine, N. Law’s Meaning of Life: Philosophy, Religion, Darwin and the Legal Person (Oxford: Hart 2009).

  • Nedelsky, J.Reconceiving Autonomy’ (1989) 1 (1) Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 7.

  • Nedelsky, J. Law’s Relations: A Relational Theory of Self, Autonomy and the Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011).

  • NeJaime, D.Winning Through Losing’ (2011) 96 Iowa Law Review Bulletin 61.

  • Neocleous, M.Staging Power: Marx, Hobbes and the Personification of Capital’ (2004) 14 Law and Critique 147.

  • NHSGuidelines for Supporting our NHS People affected by Long Covid’ (7 July 2022), available at: www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/C1672_Guidelines-for-supporting-our-NHS-people-affected-by-Long-COVID_July-2022.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Nickel, J. Making Sense of Human Rights (2nd edn, Oxford: Blackwell 2009).

  • O’Donovan, K. Sexual Divisions in Law (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1985).

  • Office for National StatisticsPrevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus (COVID 19) infection in the UK’ (2 February 2023), available at: www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/2february2023.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Office for National StatisticsWhich occupations have the highest potential exposure to the coronavirus (COVID-19)’ (11 May 2020), available at: www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/whichoccupationshavethehighestpotentialexposuretothecoronaviruscovid19/2020-05-11.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Oliver, D.Lack of PPE Betrays NHS Clinical Staff’ (2021) British Medical Journal 372.

  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentRecommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence’ (2019), paragraph I, available at: https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0449.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentTools for trustworthy AI: a framework to compare implementation tools for trustworthy AI systems’ (2021), OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 312, OECD Publishing, Paris, available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/008232ec-en.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Otto, D. (ed) Queering International Law (Abingdon: Routledge 2018).

  • Page-Tickell, R. and Ritchie, J.Presence and Pretence: Trade Unions and the Gig Economy’ in R. Page Tickell and E. Yerby (eds) Conflict and Shifting Boundaries in the Gig Economy: An Interdisciplinary Analysis (Bingley: Emerald 2020).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pashukanis, E. Law and Marxism: A General Theory (London: Pluto Press 1987).

  • Pateman, C. The Sexual Contract (Cambridge: Polity Press 1997).

  • Phoenix, A. and Pattynama, P.Intersectionality’ (2006) 13 European Journal of Women’s Studies 187.

  • Public Accounts CommitteeOral evidence: Covid-19: Government procurement and supply of personal protective equipment’ HC 928 Thursday 10 December 2020 Ordered by the House of Commons to be published on 10 December 2020, available at: https://committees.parliament.uk/oralevidence/1373/default#page=9.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Public Health EnglandBeyond the data: understanding the impact of Covid 19 on BAME groups’ (June 2020).

  • Ravid, D.M., Tomczak, D.L., White, J.C., and Behrend, T.S.EPM 20/20: A Review, Framework, and Research Agenda for Electronic Performance Monitoring’ (2019) 46 (1) Journal of Management 10026.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rawls, J. A Theory of Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1971).

  • Raz, J. The Morality of Freedom (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1986).

  • Reitsch, M. The Routledge International Handbook of Social Justice (Oxford: Routledge 2014).

  • Riley, S. and Pele, A.For a Right to Health Beyond Biopolitics: The Politics of Pandemic and the Politics of Life’ (2021) Law Culture and the Humanities 1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Robinson, B.Remote Work is Here to Stay and will increase in 2023’, available at: www.forbes.com/sites/bryanrobinson/2022/02/01/remote-work-is-here-to-stay-and-will-increase-into-2023-experts-say/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rodgers, L.The Potential and Limitations of a Vulnerability Approach for Labour Law’ in D. Bedford and J. Herring (eds) Embracing Vulnerability: The Challenges and Implications for Law (London: Routledge 2020).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rodgers, L.Going Backwards: Statutory Sick Pay after the pandemic’, UK Labour Law Blog (12 April 2022), available at: https://uklabourlawblog.com/2022/04/12/going-backwards-statutory-sick-pay-after-the-pandemic-by-dr-lisa-rodgers/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rodgers, L. and Davies, A.Towards a More Effective Health and Safety Regime for UK Workplaces post Covid-19’ (2023) 52 (3) Industrial Law Journal 665.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rogers, B.Passion and Reason in Labor Law’ (2012) 47 Harvard Civil Rights – Civil Liberties Law Review 47.

  • Rogers, B.Employment Rights in the Platform Economy: Getting Back to Basics’ (2016) 10 Harvard Law and Policy Review 479.

  • Rogers, B.Three Concepts of Workplace Freedom of Association’ (2016) 37 (2) Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 177.

  • Roosevelt, E.Making Human Rights Come Alive’ in A. Black (ed) What I Hope to Leave Behind: The Essential Essays of Eleanor Roosevelt (Brooklyn, NY: Carlson 1995).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rose, E.Reinterpreting Law’s Silence: Examining the Interactions between Legal Doctrine and the Rise of Immaterial Labour’ (2020) 47 (2) Journal of Law and Society 588.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rosenstock, E. May, E., and Grünberg, M.Werkstattaussiedlung: Untersuchungen über den Lebensraum des Industriearbeiters’ (Berlin: Springer Verlag 2013).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • R o sin, A.The Right of a Platform Worker to Decide Whether and When to Work: An Obstacle to Their Employee Status’ (2022) 13 (4) European Labour Law Journal 530.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Royal College of NursingLong Covid: how the RCN can help you’ (10 January 2023), available at: www.rcn.org.uk/magazines/Advice/2023/Jan/Long-COVID-benefits-support.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Salvi del Pero, A., Wycoff, P., and Vourch, A.Using Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace: What Are the Main Ethical Risks?’ (2022) OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No 273.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sandel, M.The Procedural Republic and the Unencumbered Self’ in S. Avineri and A. de Shalit (eds) Communitarianism and Individualism (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1992).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sandel, M. Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (2nd edn, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1998).

  • Sanders, A.Fairness in the Contract of Employment’ (2017) 46 (4) Industrial Law Journal 508.

  • Savell, K.The Mother of the Legal Person’ in S. James and S. Palmer (eds) Visible Women: Essays on Feminist Legal Theory and Political Philosophy (Oxford: Hart 2002).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schultz, V.Telling Stories About Women and Work: Judicial Interpretations of Sex Segregation in the Workplace in Title V11 Cases Raising the Lack of Interest Argument’ (1990) 103 Harvard Law Review 1749.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schultze Buschoff, K. and Schmidt, C.Adapting Labour Law and Social Security to the Needs of the “New Self-Employed” – Comparing the UK, Germany, and the Netherlands’ (2009) 19 (2) Journal of European Social Policy 14.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Scruton, R.A. A Short History of Modern Philosophy: From Descartes to Wittgenstein (London: Routledge 1989).

  • Selnick, P. Law Society, and Industrial Justice (New York: Russell Sage Foundation 1969).

  • Sensoy, O. and DiAngelo, R. Is Everyone Really Equal? An Introduction to Key Concepts in Social Justice Education (New York: Teachers College Press 2017).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Siegel, R., König, C., and Lazar, V.The Impact of Electronic Monitoring on Employees’ Job Satisfaction, Stress, Performance, and Counterproductive Work Behaviour: A Meta-Analysis’ (2022) 8 Computers in Human Behaviour Reports 1.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Simpson, B.Individualism versus Collectivism: An Evaluation of Section 14 of the Trade Union Reform and Employment Rights Act 1993’ (1993) 22 Industrial Law Journal 181.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Simpson, B.Freedom of Association and the Right to Organize: The Failure of an Individual Rights Strategy’ (1995) 24 (3) Industrial Law Journal 235.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sinzheimer, H.Grundzüge des Arbeitsrechts’ (1927) in H. Sinzheimer, Arbeitsrecht und Rechtssoziologie: gesammelte Aufsätze und Reden (Band 1) (Frankfurt: Europaische Verlagsanstalt 1976).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sinzheimer, H.Demokratisierung des Arbeitsverhältnisses’ (1928) in H. Sinzheimer, Arbeitsrecht und Rechtssoziologie: gesammelte Aufsätze und Reden (Frankfurt: Europaische Verlagsanstalt 1976).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sinzheimer, H.Der Mensch im Arbeitsrecht’ (1930) in H. Sinzheimer, Arbeitsrecht und Rechtssoziologie: gesammelte Aufsätze und Reden (Frankfurt: Europaische Verlagsanstalt 1976).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sinzheimer, H.Das Problem des Menschen im Recht’ (1933) in H. Sinzheimer, Arbeitsrecht und Rechtssoziologie: gesammelte Aufsätze und Reden (Frankfurt: Europaische Verlagsanstalt 1976).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sinzheimer, H.Das Wesen des Arbeitsrechts’ in H. Sinzheimer, Arbeitsrecht und Rechtssoziologie: gesammelte Aufsätze und Reden (Band 1) (Frankfurt: Europaische Verlagsanstalt 1976).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sinzheimer, H.Die Zukunft der Arbeiterräte’ in H. Sinzheimer, Arbeitsrecht und Rechtssoziologie: gesammelte Aufsätze und Reden (Frankfurt: Europaische Verlagsanstalt 1976).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sirrs, C.Risk, Responsibility and Robens: The Transformation of the British System of Occupational Health and Safety 1961–74’ in T. Crook and M. Esbester (eds) Governing Risks in Modern Britain (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2016).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Slaughter, J.Hijacking Human Rights: Neo-Liberalism, the New Historiography and the End of the Third World’ (2018) 40 Human Rights Quarterly 735.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Smith, S.How Bogus Self-Employment is Harming Workers’, available at: How bogus self-employment is harming workers (huckmag.com).

  • Spector, H.Philosophical Foundations of Labor Law’ (2005–6) 33 Florida State University Law Review 1119.

  • Stammers, N. Human Rights and Social Change (London: Pluto Press 2009).

  • Standing, G. The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class (New York: Bloomsbury 2011).

  • Stoljar, N.Autonomy and the Feminist Intuition’ in C. MacKenzie and N. Stoljar (eds) Relational Autonomy: Feminist Perspectives on Autonomy, Agency and the Social Self (New York: Oxford University Press 2000).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Stone, K.V.W.Green Shoots in the Labour Market: A Cornucopia of Social Experiments’ in M.A. Fineman and J.W. Fineman (eds) Vulnerability and the Legal Organisation of Work (London: Routledge 2017).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Struhl, K.Marx and Human Nature: The Historical, the Trans-Historical, and Human Flourishing’ (2016) 80 (1) Science and Society 78.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sunder, S. and Siibak, A.Employers as Nightmare Readers: An Analysis of Ethical and Legal Concerns regarding Employer-Employee Practice on Social Networking Sites’ (2017) 10 Baltic Journal of Law and Politics 76.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Supiot, A. Beyond Employment: Changes in Work and the Future of Labour Law in Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2001).

  • Tasioulas, J.On the Nature of Human Rights’ in G. Ernst and J.-C. Heilinger (eds) The Philosophy of Human Rights: Contemporary Controversies (Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter 2011).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tasioulas, J.On the Foundations of Human Rights’ in R. Cruft, S. Liao, and M. Renzo (eds) Philosophical Foundations of Human Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2015), 51.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Taylor, C.Atomism’ in Philosophical Papers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1985).

  • Thrift, N. Knowing Capitalism (London: Sa ge 2005).

  • Todoli-Signes, A.The End of the Subordinate Worker? The On-Demand Economy, the Gig Economy, and the Need for Protection for Crowdworkers’ (2017) 33 (2) International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 241.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tombs, S. and Whyte, D.A Deadly Consensus: Worker Safety and Regulatory Degradation under New Labour’ (2010) 50 (1) British Journal of Criminology 46.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Trades Union CongressUnion Health and Safety Reps Survey’ (2020–1), available at: www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/2021-03/Safety%20reps%20survey%202021.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Trades Union CongressDignity at Work and the AI Revolution’ (March 2021), available at: www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/2021-03/The_AI_Revolution_20121_Manifesto_AW.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Trades Union CongressCoronavirus (COVID-19) Guidance to Unions (Updated January 2021) Activist Template’, available at: tuc.org.uk.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tuana, N.Viscous Porosity: Witnessing Katrina’ in S. Alaimo and S. Hekman (eds) Material Feminisms (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press 2008).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tushnet, M.Marxism as Metaphor’ (1983) 68 Cornell Law Review 281.

  • UK GovExplanatory Memorandum to the Deregulation Act (Health and Safety at Work) (General Duties of Self-Employed Persons) (Consequential Amendments Order)2015, available at: www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/1637/memorandum/contents.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • UK GovPeople with symptoms of a respiratory infection including COVID-19’ (10 June 2022), available at: www.gov.uk/guidance/people-with-symptoms-of-a-respiratory-infection-including-covid-19.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • UK GovA pro-innovation approach to AI regulation’ (3 August 2023), available at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-regulation-a-pro-innovation-approach/white-paper.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • UK GovIndustrial Injuries Disablement Benefits: technical guidance’, available at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/industrial-injuries-disablement-benefits-technical-guidance/industrial-injuries-disablement-benefits-technical-guidance

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • UK Gov NIHRThe effectiveness of PPE in reducing the transmission of COVID-19 in health and social care settings: December 2021 update’ (12 December 2021), available at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/nihr-the-effectiveness-of-ppe-in-reducing-the-transmission-of-covid-19-in-health-and-social-care-settings-december-2021-update-12-december-2021/nihr-the-effectiveness-of-ppe-in-reducing-the-transmission-of-covid-19-in-health-and-social-care-settings-december-2021-update-12-december-2021.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, COMESTPreliminary Study on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence’, 26 February 2019.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationRecommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence’ (23 November 2021), available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ventegodt Liisberg, M. Disability and Employment: A Contemporary Disability Human Rights Approach Applied to Danish, Swedish and EU Law and Policy (Mortsel: Intersentia 2011).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vickers, L.Promoting Equality or Fostering Resentment? The Public Sector Equality Duty and Religion and Belief’ (2011) 31 (1) Legal Studies 135.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vickers, L. Religious Freedom, Religious Discrimination and the Workplace (Oxford: Hart 2016).

  • Vincent, J.Giving Robots Personhood Is Actually about Making Corporations Accountable’, The Verge (19 January 2017), available at: www.theverge.com/2017/1/19/14322334/robot-electronic-persons-eu-report-liability-civil-suits.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vogel, L.Forward’ in T. Bhattachary (ed) Social Reproduction Theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression (London: Pluto Press 2017).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vyas, L.New Normal at Work in a Post-COVID World: Work–Life Balance and Labor Markets41 (1) (2022) Policy and Society 155.

  • Waltzer, M.Communitarian Critique of Liberalism’ (1990) 18 Political Theory 6.

  • Webb, B.Women and the Factory Acts’ (Fabian Tract No. 67).

  • Wedderburn, Lord K.Industrial Relations and the Courts’ (1980) 9 Industrial Law Journal 65.

  • Wedderburn, Lord K.Otto Kahn-Freund and British Labour Law’ in Lord Wedderburn, R. Lewis, and J. Clark (eds) Labour Law and Industrial Relations: Building on Kahn-Freund (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1983).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wedderburn, Lord K.Freedom of Association and Philosophies of Labour Law’ (1986) Industrial Law Journal 1.

  • Wedderburn, Lord K.Freedom of Association or Right to Organise’ (1986) Industrial Relations Journal 244.

  • Wedderburn, Lord K. The Worker and the Law (Middlesex: Penguin 1986).

  • Weinrib, E. The Idea of Private Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1995).

  • Weiss, M.Digitalisation and Basic Principles of Labour Law’ (2022) in T. Gyulavari and E. Menegatti (eds) Decent Work in the Digital Age: European and Comparative Perspectives (Oxford: Hart 2022).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • West, R.L.Economic Man and Literary Woman: One Contrast39 Mercer Law Review 39.

  • White, S.Freedom of Association and the Right to Exclude’ (1997) 5 Journal of Political Philosophy 373.

  • Wiblen, S. and Marler, J.H.Digitalised Talent Management and Automated Talent Decisions: The Implications for HR Professionals (2021) 32 (12) International Journal of Human Resource Management 2592.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • World Health Organization, ‘Post-Covid-19 Condition (Long Covid)’ (7 December 2022), available at: www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/post-covid-19-condition.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zbyszewska, A. and Routh, S.Challenging Labour Law’s “Productivity” Bias Through a Feminist Lens: A Conversation’ in A. Blackham, M. Kullmann, and A. Zbyszewska (eds) Theorising Labour Law in a Changing World: Towards Inclusive Labour Law (Oxford: Hart 2019).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zietlow, R.E.The Constitutional Right to Organise’ in M.A. Fineman and J.W. Fineman (eds) Vulnerability and the Legal Organisation of Work (London: Routledge 2017).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

Content Metrics

May 2022 onwards Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 756 756 23
Full Text Views 0 0 0
PDF Downloads 0 0 0

Altmetrics