2: Legal Versus Illegal Hunts: A Species Justice Perspective on Wolf and Bear Theriocides in Norway

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Norwegian grey wolves and brown bears are endangered and critically endangered, respectively, in Norway. Although they are protected by the Bern Convention, which Norway ratified in 1986, they are victims of both legal and illegal theriocides (killings of animals by humans), through practices including illegal hunts, licensed hunts and killings in defence of humans or their animals. This chapter compares the legal and illegal predator hunts, based on analysis of verdicts from penal cases on illegal theriocides, and guidelines for legal hunts. Several similarities between the legal and illegal hunts are identified, which raises the question of whether the legal hunts are more justified than the illegal hunts from a species justice perspective – that is, whether they cause the victims less suffering.

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