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The idea of colonial violence eludes comprehensive conceptual definition because of its depth and complexity. Grappling with this violence remains a pressing challenge for those who have lived through it. This chapter represents an intervention by Chief Blaise Iruinu who discusses the Bougainville conflict (1988–1997), and the independence movement it precipitated. He locates the war in a social crisis that Iruinu traces back to 1886, when Indigenous social systems in Bougainville first became disrupted through formal annexation by European powers. This precipitated a process of social alienation and dependency subsequently accelerated by the emergence of a mining economy in the 1960s. Out of these contradictions emerged the seeds for major conflict Eventually the war-generated deprivation precipitated a renewal of Indigenous social systems providing a foundation for meaningful independence and justice, through which Bougainville can work in solidarity with the international community in challenging the harmful socio-ecological drives of global capitalism.
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