This chapter develops a critical approach to the making of security and insecurity, employing insights from postcolonial and decolonial literature. Critical approaches have played a key role in expanding the frontiers of the concept of security through a critique of both methodological nationalism and nationalist methodology. However, by not detaching themselves from liberal reasoning such approaches end up endorsing a normative cosmopolitan individualism. In contrast, we explore the potential of the categories ‘empire’ and ‘imperialism’ to deepen a critical perspective in security studies. We suggest empires should not be analytically understood only by their formal political institutions, but also by the articulation they have historically produced between the colonial difference they establish and the accumulation by dispossession they enable. Colonial forms of expropriation have long constituted generative mechanisms of human insecurity, whose features are more distinguishable from a perspective of the global South.
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