Carceral and ecological harms go hand in hand. From the murder and brutalization of land defenders resisting extractivism globally (Global Witness, 2022), to the environmentally disastrous ‘boot print’ of contemporary police and military expansionism (Selwyn, 2022), to the greenwashing of new private mega-prison projects (Jewkes and Moran, 2015), to the traumatizing, sexual coercion of environmental activists by undercover police in the UK (Stephens-Griffin, 2020), it is vital that we understand struggles for ecological justice and liberation as deeply entwined with abolitionist causes. This chapter aims to do this by examining and reflecting upon the development of ‘abolition ecology’, an approach working to explore and resist racial capitalism and environmental racism as interlocking and mutually generative systems (Pulido, 2017; Heynen 2018). In so doing it examines the ‘Total Liberation’ perspective as a means of unifying diverse and disparate liberation movements under one coherent struggle for ecological and social justice. The chapter argues that in acknowledging and making visible the ecological dynamics of carcerality, we build the most solid foundations for emancipation in the future.
Abrahamsen, R. and Williams, M.C. (2011) Security beyond the State: Private Security in International Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Acosta, A. (2013) ‘Extractivism and neoextractivism: two sides of the same curse’, in M. Lang and D. Mokrani (eds) Beyond Development: Alternative Visions from Latin America, S. Shields and R. Underhay (trans.), Quito and Amsterdam: Fundación Rosa Luxemburg and Transnational Institute, pp 61–86.
Agozino, B. (2004) ‘Imperialism, crime and criminology: towards the decolonisation of criminology’, Crime, Law and Social Change, 41(4): 343–358.
Alison, Belinda, Steel, Helen, Lisa and Naomi (2022) Deep Deception: The Story of the Spycops Network by the Women Who Uncovered the Shocking Truth, London: Ebury Spotlight.
Álvarez, L. and Coolsaet, B. (2018) ‘Decolonizing environmental justice studies: a Latin American perspective’, Capitalism Nature Socialism, 31(2): 50–69.
Beirne, P. (2018) Murdering Animals: Writings on Theriocide, Homicide and Non-Speciesist Criminology, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bethea, C. (2022) ‘The new fight over an old forest in Atlanta’, New Yorker (3 August). Available from: https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-south/the-new-fight-over-an-old-forest-in-atlanta [Accessed 15 May 2023].
Bookchin, M. (1986) Post-scarcity Anarchism, Anarchist Library. Available from: https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book.pdf [Accessed 24 May 2023].
Braz, R. and Gilmore, C. (2006) ‘Joining forces: prisons and environmental justice in recent California organizing’, Radical History Review, 96: 95–111.
Brock, A. and Stephens-Griffin, N. (2021) ‘Policing environmental injustice’, IDS Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.19088/1968-2021.130.
Brock, A. and Stephens-Griffin, N. (Forthcoming) Policing Ecocide: Abolition for Total Liberation.
Bullard, R. D. (2000) Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality, Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge.
Carrier, N. and Piché, J. (2015) ‘Blind spots of abolitionist thought in academia’, Champ pénal/Penal field [En ligne], XII. DOI: 10.4000/champpenal.9162.
Churchill, W. (1999) ‘Genocide of native populations in South America’, in I.W. Charny (ed.) The Encyclopaedia of Genocide Volume 1, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, pp 433–434.
Cohen, M. (2017) ‘Animal colonialism: the case of milk’, AJIL Unbound, 111: 267–271. DOI: 10.1017/aju.2017.66.
Coyle, M.J. and Nagel, M. (eds) (2021) Contesting Carceral Logic: Towards Abolitionist Futures, Abingdon: Routledge.
Critical Resistance (2008) Abolition Now! Ten Years of Strategy and Struggle against the Prison Industrial Complex, Oakland, CA: AK Press.
Critical Resistance (2023) ‘Critical Resistance’s definition of policing’. Available from: https://criticalresistance.org/abolish-policing/#:~:text=Critical%20Resistance’s%20Definition%20of%20Policing,through%20the%20use%20of%20force. [Accessed 11 May 2023].
Davis, A.Y. (2003) Are Prisons Obsolete? New York: Seven Stories Press.
Dodd, V. (2022) ‘Met officers charged over Wayne Couzens WhatsApp group named’, The Guardian (21 February). Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/feb/21/met-officers-charged-over-wayne-couzens-whatsapp-group-named [Accessed 18 May 2023].
Dodd, V. (2023) ‘Met Police found to be institutionally racist, misogynistic and homophobic’, The Guardian (21 March). Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/mar/21/metropolitan-police-institutionally-racist-misogynistic-homophobic-louise-casey-report [Accessed 18 May 2023].
Dodd, V. and Sabbagh, D. (2021) ‘Daniel Morgan murder: inquiry brands Met Police “institutionally corrupt”’, The Guardian (15 June). Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jun/15/daniel-morgan-met-chief-censured-for-hampering-corruption-inquiry [Accessed 18 May 2023].
Dodd, V. and Siddique, H. (2021) ‘Sarah Everard murder: Wayne Couzens given whole-life sentence’, The Guardian (30 September). Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/sep/30/sarah-everard-murder-wayne-couzens-whole-life-sentence [Accessed 18 May 2023].
Duff, K. (ed.) (2021) Abolishing the Police, London: Dog Section Press.
Dunlap, A. (2021) ‘Toward an anarchist decolonization: a few notes’, Capitalism Nature Socialism, 32(4): 62–72.
Dunlap, A. and Brock, A. (eds) (2022) Enforcing Ecocide, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Elliott-Cooper, A. (2021) Black Resistance to British Policing. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Evans, R. (2021) ‘Police spy admits women would not have agreed to sex if they knew his identity’, The Guardian (11 May). Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/may/11/police-spy-admits-women-would-not-have-agreed-to-sex-if-they-knew-his-identity [Accessed 14 October 2021].
Evans, R. (2023) ‘“Endemic” sexism in Met Police led to undercover deception, inquiry told’, The Guardian ( 21 February). Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/feb/21/endemic-sexism-in-met-police-led-to-undercover-deception-inquiry-told [Accessed 16 May 2023].
Ferdinand, M. (2022) Decolonial Ecology: Thinking from the Caribbean World, A.P. Smith (trans.), Cambridge: Polity Press.
Gelderloos, P. (2022) ‘Ecological terror and pacification: counterinsurgency for the climate crisis’, in A. Dunlap and A. Brock (eds) Enforcing Ecocide, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 269–305.
Gilmore, R.W. (2007) Golden Gulag: Prison, Surplus, Crisis and Opposition in Globalizing California, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Gilmore, R.W. and Gilmore, C. (2023) ‘Restating the obvious’, in R.W. Gilmore (ed.) Abolition Geography: Essays towards Liberation, London: Verso, pp 352–392.
Global Witness (2022) ‘Decade of defiance’. Available from: https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/environmental-activists/decade-defiance/ [Accessed 27 June 2023].
Global Witness (2023) ‘Almost 2,000 land and environmental defenders killed between 2012 and 2022 for protecting the planet’, Global Witness (13 September). Available from: https://www.globalwitness.org/en/press-releases/almost-2000-land-and-environmental-defenders-killed-between-2012-and-2022-protecting-planet/ [Accessed 8 January 2024].
Go, J. (2024) Policing Empires: Militarization, Race, and the Imperial Boomerang in Britain and the US, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gorz, A. (1980) Ecology as Politics, Boston, MA: South End Press.
Hall, R. (2023) ‘More than 1,500 UK police officers accused of violence against women in six months’, The Guardian (14 March) Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/mar/14/more-than-1500-uk-police-officers-accused-of-violence-against-women-in-six-months [Accessed 18 May 2023].
Hardy, D., Bailey, M. and Heynen, N. (2022) ‘“We’re still here”: an abolition ecology blockade of double dispossession of Gullah/Geechee land’, Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 112(3): 867–876.
Heynen, N. (2018) ‘Toward an abolition ecology’. Abolition: A Journal of Insurgent Politics, 1(1): 240–247.
Heynen, N. and Ybarra, M. (2021) ‘On abolition ecologies and making “freedom as a place”’, Antipode, 53: 21–35. DOI: 10.1111/anti.12666.
Hickel, J (2020) Less is More: How Degrowth Will Save the World, London: Penguin.
Indigenous Action Media (2014) ‘Accomplices not allies: abolishing the ally industrial complex, an Indigenous perspective’, version 2. Available from: https://www.indigenousaction.org/accomplices-not-allies-abolishing-the-ally-industrial-complex/ [Accessed 27 June 2023].
Isenberg, A.C. (2000) The Destruction of the Bison: An Environmental History, 1750–1920, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jewkes, Y. and Moran, D. (2015) ‘The paradox of the “green” prison: sustaining the environment or sustaining the penal complex?’ Theoretical Criminology, 19(4): 451–469.
Kaba, M. (2021) We Do This ’Til We Free Us: Abolitionist Organizing and Transforming Justice, Chicago: Haymarket Books.
Kimari, W. and Parish, J. (2020) ‘What is a river? A transnational meditation on the colonial city, abolition ecologies and the future of geography’, Urban Geography, 41(5): 643–656. DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2020.1743089.
Lancet, The (2021) ‘Fatal police violence by race and state in the USA, 1980–2019: a network meta-regression’. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)01609-3/fulltext [Accessed 27 June 2023].
Lewis, P., Evans, R. and Pollak, S. (2013) ‘Trauma of spy’s girlfriend: “like being raped by the state”’, The Guardian (24 June). Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/24/undercover-police-spy-girlfriend-child [Accessed 27 June 2023].
Lowerson, A.J. (2022) ‘Proportionate? The Metropolitan Police Service response to the Sarah Everard vigil: Leigh v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2022] EWHC 527 (Admin)’, Journal of Criminal Law, 86(4). DOI: 10.1177/00220183221101957.
Maher, G. (2021) A World without Police: How Strong Communities Make Cops Obsolete, London: Verso.
McDowell, M.G. and Fernandez, L.A. (2018) ‘“Disband, disempower, and disarm”: amplifying the theory and practice of police abolition’, Critical Criminology, 26: 373–391. DOI: 10.1007/s10612-018-9400-4.
Moloney, C.J. and Chambliss, W.J. (2014) ‘Slaughtering the bison, controlling Native Americans: a state crime and green criminology synthesis’, Critical Criminology, 22: 319–338. DOI: 10.1007/s10612-013-9220-5.
Owen, T. (2023) ‘Police shot “Stop Cop City” activist 14 times with their hands up, independent autopsy shows’, Vice News (13 March). Available from: https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkae48/cop-city-activist-shot-hands-up-tortuguita-death [Accessed 6 June 2023].
Pulido, L (2017) ‘Geographies of race and ethnicity ii: environmental racism, racial capitalism and state-sanctioned violence’, Progress in Human Geography, 41(4): 524–533. DOI: 10.1177/ 03091 32516 646495.
Neocleous, M. (2021) A Critical Theory of Police Power: The Fabrication of the Social Order, London: Verso.
Nibert, D. (2017) Animal Oppression and Capitalism, vol. 1, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
Nixon, R. (2011) Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Peggs, K. (2013) ‘The “animal-advocacy agenda”: exploring sociology for non-human animals’, Sociological Review, 61: 591–606.
Pellow, D.N. (2014) Total Liberation: The Power and Promise of Animal Rights and the Radical Earth Movement, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Pellow, D.N. (2021) ‘Struggles for environmental justice in US prisons and jails’, Antipode, 53: 56–73. DOI: 10.1111/anti.12569.
Perkins, T. (2021) ‘The multiple people of color origins of the US Environmental Justice Movement: social movement spillover and regional racial projects in California’, Environmental Sociology, 7.2: 147–59, DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2020.1848502.
Pulido, L. and De Lara, J. (2018) ‘Reimagining “justice” in environmental justice: radical ecologies, decolonial thought, and the Black Radical Tradition’, Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 1(1–2): 76–98. DOI: 10.1177/2514848618770363.
Ranganathan, M. (2016) ‘Thinking with flint: racial liberalism and the roots of an American water tragedy’, Capitalism Nature Socialism, 27(3): 17–33. DOI: 10.1080/10455752.2016.1206583.
Rossi, C. (2021) ‘Justice for Isac Tembé!’, Amazon Watch (19 February). Available from: https://amazonwatch.org/news/2021/0219-justice-for-isac-tembe [Accessed 2 May 2023].
Scott, D. (2022) ‘Stopping ecocide and climate catastrophe: a critique of the criminal law’, Open University: Harm and Evidence Research Collaborative Blog. Available from: https://www.open.ac.uk/researchcentres/herc/blog/stopping-ecocide-and-climate-catastrophe-critique-criminal-law [Accessed 12 April 2023].
Selwyn, D. (2022) ‘Global Britain and London’s mega-mining corporations: colonial ecocide, extractive zones and frontiers of martial mining’, in A. Dunlap and A. Brock (eds) Enforcing Ecocide, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 125–152.
Shevek, L. (2022) ‘Against a liberal abolitionism’, Medium. Available from: https://butchanarchy.medium.com/against-a-liberal-abolitionism-762e1d98f5d9 [Accessed 27 June 2023].
Shiva, V. (2008) Soil Not Oil: Environmental Justice in a Time of Climate Crisis, Boston, MA: South End Press.
Sinclair, G. and Williams, C.A. (2007) ‘“Home and away”: the cross-fertilisation between “colonial” and “British” policing, 1921–85’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 35(2): 221–238.
Smith, D. & Chamberlain, P. (2015) Blacklisted: The Secret War between Big Business and Union Activists, Oxford: New Internationalist.
Stephens-Griffin, N. (2020) ‘“Everyone was questioning everything”: understanding the derailing impact of undercover policing on the lives of UK environmentalists’, Social Movement Studies, 20(4): 459–477. DOI: 10.1080/14742837.2020.1770073.
Stephens-Griffin, N. (2022) ‘Embracing abolition ecology: a green criminological rejoinder’, Critical Criminology. DOI: 10.1007/s10612- 022-09672-7.
Stop Cop City (2023) ‘What is Cop City?’. Available from: https://stopcop.city/what-is-cop-city/ [Accessed 15 May 2023].
Stop Cop City Solidarity (2023) ‘Take action’. Available from: https://www.stopcopcitysolidarity.org/takeaction [Accessed 18 May 2023].
Taylor, N. and Fitzgerald, A. (2018) ‘Understanding animal (ab)use: green criminological contributions, missed opportunities and a way forward’, Theoretical Criminology, 22(3): 402–425.
Tokar, B. (2018) ‘On social ecology and the movement for climate justice’, in S.G. Jacobsen (ed.) Climate Justice and the Economy, London: Routledge, pp 168–187.
United Nations (2022) ‘Brazil: UN experts decry acts of racialised police brutality’, press release (6 July). Available from: www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/07/brazil-un-experts-decry-acts-racialised-police-brutality [Accessed 27 June 2023].
Verweijen, J. and A. Dunlap (2021) ‘The evolving techniques of the social engineering of extraction: Introducing political (re)actions “from above” in large-scale mining and energy projects’, Political Geography, 88: 102342.
Woodman, C. (2020) ‘How British police and intelligence are a product of the imperial boomerang effect’, Verso Blog, 10 June. Available from: https://www.versobooks.com/en-gb/blogs/news/4390-how-british-police-and-intelligence-are-a-product-of-the-imperial-boomerang-effect#:~:text=British%20police%20and%20intelligence%20services,collection%20by%20metropolitan%20security%20services [Accessed 3 May 2023].
Ybarra, M. (2021) ‘Site fight! Toward the abolition of immigrant detention on Tacoma’s tar pits (and everywhere else)’, Antipode, 53(1): 36–55.
May 2022 onwards | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 57 | 57 | 31 |
Full Text Views | 2 | 2 | 2 |
PDF Downloads | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Institutional librarians can find more information about free trials here