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In this chapter, we identify what a crisis is and argue that under capitalism a permanent tendency towards crisis exists, exacerbated under neoliberal capitalist conditions, which engender other crises. We identify three types of crisis: empirical crises which can be seen and experienced by many (the cost-of-living crisis, for example); actual crises, particularly epidemiological crises (of which the COVID-19 pandemic is a striking example); and the escalating climate crisis. The crisis of work, and the interlinked crises at work which influence it, are underpinned by a profound ‘real’ crisis – the fundamental antagonisms produced by a system of (neoliberal) capitalism, under which work, the self and the environment are degraded and which creates instability and turbulence.
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