This chapter builds upon critiques of the creative city paradigm and the potential of alternative creative spaces to work collectively and liaise with other urban social movements to envisage an alternative urban future. The first section provides some background on urban collective action by introducing the work of Manuel Castells and his concept of ‘urban social movements’. The second section develops the related concept of urban cultural movements. In doing so, it looks at some case study examples of creative resistance from Milan, Singapore and Berlin. It explores the potential of anti-creative city struggles as well as the pitfalls urban cultural movements face in making links with wider social and political contestations in the neoliberal city.
Aalbers, M.B. (2016) ‘Deregulated regulation’, in S. Springer, K. Birch and J. MacLeavy (eds) The Handbook of Neoliberalism, London: Routledge, pp 563–573.
Abrahamson, M. (2014) Urban Sociology: A Global Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Acuto, M., Seijas, A., McArthur, J. and Robin, E. (2021) Managing Cities at Night: A Practitioner Guide to the Urban Governance of the Night-Time Economy, Bristol: Bristol University Press.
Adams, B. (2019) ‘In Detroit, a new type of agricultural neighborhood has emerged’, Yes Solutions Journalism, [online] 5 November, Available from: https://www.yesmagazine.org/social-justice/2019/11/05/food-community-detroit-garden-agriculture
Alexandri, M.B. and Raharja, S.J. (2020) ‘Development strategy of Bandung creative city through the performance improvement of creative industries’, International Journal of Business and Globalization, 24(4): 560–568.
Althusser, L. (1971) Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, New York: Monthly Review Press.
Amid, A. (2018) ‘Mashhad, Iran: Challenging the concept of a twenty-four-hour city’, in J. Nofre and A. Eldridge (eds) Exploring Nightlife: Space, Society and Governance, London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp 85–98.
Amin, A. and Thrift, N. (2007) ‘Cultural-economy and cities’, Progress in Human Geography, 31(2): 143–161.
Amsterdam Alternative (nd) ‘About Amsterdam Alternative’, Amsterdam Alternative, [online], Available from: https://amsterdamalternative.nl/about
Anderer, J. (2021) ‘As cities grow, the rich get richer and the poor “get nothing at all”’, Study Finds, [online] 19 August, Available from: https://www.studyfinds.org/rich-get-richer-poor-get-nothing/
Anders, L. (2011) ‘Alternative initiatives, cultural intermediaries and urban regeneration: The case of La Friche (Marseille)’, European Planning Studies, 19(5): 795–811.
Andersson, I. and James, L. (2018) ‘Altruism or entrepreneurialism? The co-evolution of green place branding and policy tourism in Växjö, Sweden’, Urban Studies, 55(15): 3437–3453.
Anttiroiko, A.V. (2015) ‘City branding as a response to global intercity competition’, Growth and Change, 46(2): 233–252.
Apel, D. (2015) Beautiful Terrible Ruins: Detroit and the Anxiety of Decline, London: Rutgers University Press.
Aries-Sans, A. and Russo, P. (2018) ‘The right to Gaudí: What can we learn from the commoning of Park Güell, Barcelona?’, in C. Colomb and J. Novy (eds) Protest and Resistance in the Tourist City, London: Routledge, pp 247–263.
Arkaraprasertkul, N. (2018) ‘The abrupt rise (and fall) of creative entrepreneurs: Socio-economic change, the visitor economy and social conflict in a traditional neighbourhood of Shanghai, China’, in C. Colomb and J. Novy (eds) Protest and Resistance in the Tourist City, London: Routledge, pp 282–301.
Artist-led Research Group (2019) ‘Ecologies & economies of the artist-led: Space, place, futures’, a report from a symposium in Leeds, 26–27 October 2018, [online], Available from: https://artistledresearchgroup.files.wordpress.com/2019/06/arg_a4_book_2.1.pdf
Asero, V. and Skonieczny, S. (2017) ‘Cruise tourism and sustainability in the Mediterranean: Destination Venice’, in L. Butowski (ed) Mobilities, Tourism and Travel Behavior: Contexts and Boundaries, [online], Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/58056
Assemblea de Barris per un Turisme Sostenible (2019) ‘Touristification/Tourism degrowth’, Barcelona Cultura, Ajuntament de Barcelona/Institut de Cultura, [online], Available from: https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/lavirreina/en/online-exhibitions/touristification-tourism-degrowth/374
Atkins, G. and Hoddinott, S. (2022) ‘Local government funding in England’, Institute for Government, [online] 7 January, Available from: https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/local-government-funding-england
Atkinson, R. (2021) Alpha City: How London was Captured by the Super-Rich, London: Verso.
Avogadro, E. (2016) ‘Is Latin America ready for a creative economy?’, World Economic Forum, [online] 17 June, Available from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/is-latin-america-ready-for-a-creative-economy/
Azevedo, F., Jost, J., Ruthmund, T. and Sterling, J. (2019) ‘Neoliberal ideology and the justification of inequality in capitalist societies: Why social and economic dimensions of ideology are intertwined’, Journal of Social Issues, 75(1): 49–88.
Bader, I. and Scharenberg, A. (2010) ‘The sound of Berlin: Subculture and the global music industry’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 34(1): 76–91.
Bagguley, P. and Mann, K. (1992) ‘Idle, thieving, bastards: Scholarly representations of the “underclass”’, Work, Employment and Society, 6(1): 113–126.
Bain, A. (2003) ‘Constructing contemporary artistic identities in Toronto neighbourhoods’, The Canadian Geographer, 47(3): 303–317.
Bain, A. and McLean, H. (2013) ‘The artistic precariat’, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 6(1): 93–111.
Bain, A. and Landau, F. (2018) ‘Artist intermediaries in Berlin: Cultural intermediation as an interscalar strategy of self-organizational survival’, Urban Research & Practice, 11(3): 247–262.
Banks, M. (2017a) Creative Justice: Cultural Industries, Work and Inequality, London: Rowman & Littlefield.
Banks, M. (2017b) ‘What is creative justice?’, CAMEo Cuts 1, June, Leicester: Research Institute for Cultural and Media Economies, University of Leicester.
Banks, M. (2018) ‘Creative economies of tomorrow? Limits to growth and the uncertain future’, Cultural Trends, 27(5): 367–380.
Banks, M. (2020) ‘Creative economy, de-growth and aesthetic limitation’, in K. Oakley and M. Banks (eds) Cultural Industries and Environmental Crisis: New Approaches for Policy, Cham: Springer, pp 11–24.
Banks, M. (2022) ‘Cultural work and contributive justice’, Journal of Cultural Economy, DOI: 10.1080/17530350.2022.2058059
Banks, M. and O’Connor, J. (2009) ‘After the creative industries’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 15(4): 365–373.
Banks, M. and O’Connor, J. (2020) ‘“A plague upon your howling”: Art and culture in the viral emergency’, Cultural Trends, 30(1): 3–18.
Banks, M. and Serafini, P. (2020) ‘Towards post-growth creative economies? Building sustainable cultural production in Argentina’, in I. Kiriya, P. Kompatsiaris and Y. Mylonas (eds) The Industrialization of Creativity and Its Limits: Values, Politics and Lifestyles of Contemporary Cultural Economies, Cham: Springer, pp 17–29.
Barcelona en Comú (2016) ‘How to win back the city en comú: Guide to building a citizen municipal platform’, [online] March, Available from: https://archive.org/details/win-the-city-guide/mode/2up
Bacelona en Comú (2019) Fearless Cities: A Guide to the Global Municipalist Movement, Oxford: New Internationalist.
Barcelona Institute of Culture (2022) Barcelona Cultural Rights Plan, Barcelona City Council, second and revised and expanded edition, [online] November, Available from: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.barcelona.cat/aqui-es-fa-cultura/sites/default/files/2022-11/ENG_PlaDretsCulturals_0.pdf
Barton, S. (2005) Working-Class Organisations and Popular Tourism, 1840–1970, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Batchelder, X. (2006) ‘The world’s largest arts festival, the Edinburgh Festival Fringe: Mechanics, myth and management’, PhD thesis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, [online], Available from: https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_olink/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=osu1149104422
Baum, T. (2020) ‘Changing employment dynamics within the creative city: Exploring the role of “ordinary people” within the changing city landscape’, Economic and Industrial Democracy, 41(4): 954–974.
Baumgartner, W.H. and Rothfuß, E. (2017) ‘Creative inequality in the mid-sized university city: Socio-spatial reflections on the Brazilian rural–urban interface: The case of Cachoeira’, in U. Gerhard, M. Hoelscher and D. Wilson (eds) Inequalities in Creative Cities: Issues, Approaches, Comparisons, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 217–237.
BBC News (2011) ‘Why is “chav” still controversial?’, BBC, [online] 3 June, Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-13626046
BBC News (2022) ‘Middlesbrough fails again in bid for city status’, BBC, [online] 20 May, Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tees-61522979
Bečević, Z. and Dahlstedt, M. (2022) ‘On the margins of citizenship: Youth participation and youth exclusion in times of neoliberal urbanism’, Journal of Youth Studies, 25(3): 362–379.
Beck, U. (2000) The Brave New World of Work, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Behrens, K. and Robert-Nicoud, F. (2014) ‘Do cities widen the gap between rich and poor?’, World Economic Forum, [online] 24 July, Available from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2014/07/cities-urbanization-rich-poor-inequality/
Belfiore, E. (2020) ‘Whose cultural value? Representation, power and creative industries’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 26(3): 383–397.
Benanav, A. (2022) Automation and the Future of Work, London: Verso.
Bennett, J. (2013) ‘Chav-spotting in Britain: The representation of social class as private choice’, Social Semiotics, 23(1): 146–162.
Berthet-Meylan, M.A. (2022) ‘Nightlife as counter-space in the neoliberal city: Experimentation, co-production and resistance in Geneva’s night-time economy’, PhD thesis, Leeds University, [online], Available from: https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/30684/
Berthet, M.A. and Bjertnes, V. (2011) ‘Reclaim the city! Reclaim nightlife!’, Eurozine, [online] 3 August, Available from: https://www.eurozine.com/reclaim-the-city-reclaim-nightlife/
Berthet, M.A., Nada, E. and Association pour la Reconversion des Vernets (2010) ‘Voyage au bout de la nuit: Recherche sur la vie nocturne Genevois’, Department de la Culture, Geneva, [online] 10 September, Available from: https://www.academia.edu/2313763/Voyage_au_bout_de_la_Nuit
Blanco-Romero, A., Blázquez-Salom, M. and Cànoves, G. (2018) ‘Barcelona, housing rent bubble in a tourist city: Social responses and local policies’, Sustainability, 10(6): 1–18.
Boas, T.C. and Gans-Morse, J. (2009) ‘Neoliberalism: From new liberal philosophy to anti-liberal slogan’, Studies in Comparative International Development, 44(2): 137–161.
Bob, B.P. (2019) ‘There’s no Edinburgh in the festival’, YouTube, [online] 5 August, Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ex5aY7AZ4Ug
Boltanski, L. and Chiapello, E. (2017) The New Spirit of Capitalism, London: Verso.
Bookchin, D. (2019) ‘The future we deserve’, in Barcelona en Comú, Fearless Cities: A Guide to the Global Municipalist Movement, Oxford: New Internationalist, pp 12–16.
Booth, K. and O’Connor, J. (2018) ‘Planning for creative effects: The Museum of Old and New Art’, Australian Planner, 55(2): 65–72.
Borchi, A. (2018) ‘Culture as commons: Theoretical challenges and empirical evidence from occupied cultural spaces in Italy’, Cultural Trends, 27(1): 33–45.
Boren, T. and Young, C. (2016) ‘Conceptual export and theory mobilities: Exploring the reception and development of the “creative city thesis” in the post-socialist urban realm’, Eurasian Geography and Economics, 57(4–5): 588–606.
Boren, T. and Young, C. (2017) ‘Artists and creative city policy: Resistance, the mundane and engagement in Stockholm, Sweden’, City, Culture and Society, 8: 21–26.
Bregman, R. (2018) Utopian for Realists and How We Get There, London and New York: Bloomsbury.
Brennan, K. (2018) ‘Identifying the multiple causes of poverty in Africa’, Borgen Project, [online] 28 January, Available from: https://borgenproject.org/causes-of-poverty-in-africa/
Brenner, N. and Theodore, N. (2002) ‘Cities and the geographies of “actually existing neoliberalism”’, Antipode, 34(3): 349–379.
Brenner, N. and Theodore, N. (eds) (2004) Spaces of Neoliberalism: Urban Restructuring in Northern America and Western Europe, Oxford: Blackwell.
Brenner, N., Marcuse, P. and Mayer, M. (eds) (2011) Cities for People, Not for Profit: Critical Urban Theory and the Right to the City, London: Routledge.
Brezborn, U. and Weismann, S. (eds) (2016) KuLe: Art and Life. A House in Berlin Since 1990, Berlin: Revolver Publishing.
Brook, O., O’Brien, D. and Taylor, M. (2020) Culture is Bad for You: Inequality and the Cultural and Creative Industries, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Broome, O. (2015) ‘L’Usine: Fight for your right to party’, Artefact, [online] 13 January, Available from: http://www.artefactmagazine.com/2015/01/13/genevas-emerging-electronic-music-scene/
Brown-Saracino, J. (ed) (2010) The Gentrification Debates: A Reader, London: Routledge.
Bryan-Wilson, J. (2009) Art Workers: Radical Practice in the Vietnam Era, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bunce, S. (2018) ‘Alternatives to gentrification: Exploring urban community land trusts and urban ecovillage practices’, in L. Lees and M. Phillips (eds), Handbook of Gentrification Studies, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp 413–427.
Burawoy, M. (2019) Symbolic Violence: Conversations with Bourdieu, Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
Burgen, S. (2016) ‘How to win back the city: The Barcelona en Comú guide to overthrowing the elite’, The Guardian, [online] 22 June, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/jun/22/barcelona-comun-guide-how-win-city-elite
Burgen, S. (2017) ‘Barcelona anti-tourism activists vandalise bikes and bus’, The Guardian, [online] 1 August, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/01/barcelona-anti-tourism-activists-vandalise-bikes-and-bus
Burke, J. (2008) ‘Prague elite fights “vulgar” invaders’, The Observer, [online] 11 May, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/may/11/art.books
Burrows, R. and Knowles, C. (2019) ‘The “HAVES” and the “HAVE YACHTS”: Socio-spatial struggles in London between the “merely wealthy” and the “super-rich”’, Cultural Politics, 15(1): 72–87.
Business Traveller (2021) ‘Top global cities for entrepreneurial success’, Business Traveller, [online] 14 June, Available from: https://businesstravelerusa.com/special-reports/top-global-cities-entrepreneurial-success/
Byrne, D. (1999) Social Exclusion, Buckingham: Open University Press.
Campbell, B. (1993) Goliath: Britain’s Dangerous Places, London: Methuen.
Candipan, J., Phillips, N.E., Sampson, R.J. and Small, M. (2021) ‘From residence to movement: The nature of racial segregation in everyday urban mobility’, Urban Studies, 58(15): 3095–3117.
Carey, H., Florisson, R., O’Brien, D. and Lee, N. (2020) ‘Getting in and getting on: Class, participation and job quality in the UK’s creative industries’, Multiple: Creative Industries Policy and Evidence Centre, University of Edinburgh and Work Advance, [online], Available from: https://pec.ac.uk/research-reports/getting-in-and-getting-on-class-participation-and-job-quality-in-the-uks-creative-industries
Castells, M. (1968) ‘Y a-t-il une sociologie urbaine?’, Sociologie du Travail, 1: 72–90.
Castells, M. (1977) The Urban Question: A Marxist Approach, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Castells, M. (1978) City, Class, and Power, London: Macmillan.
Castells, M. (1983) The City and the Grassroots: A Cross-Cultural Theory of Urban Social Movements, London: Arnold.
Castells, M. (1996) The Rise of the Network Society, Cambridge, MA and Oxford: Blackwell.
Castells, M. (1997) The Power of Identity, Cambridge, MA and Oxford: Blackwell.
Castells, M. (1998) End of Millennium, Cambridge, MA and Oxford: Blackwell.
Castells, M. (2012) Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age, Cambridge: Polity.
Catungal, J.P., Leslie, D. and Hii, Y. (2009) ‘Geographies of displacement in the creative city: The case of Liberty Village, Toronto’, Urban Studies, 46: 1095–1114.
Cecil, N. (2016) ‘London hipsters “key to boosting British economy after Brexit”’, Evening Standard, [online] 9 September, Available from: https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/london-hipsters-key-to-boosting-british-economy-after-brexit-a3341091.html
Centre for Cities (2018) City Outlook 2018, London: Centre for Cities, [online], Available from: https://www.centreforcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/18-01-12-Final-Full-Cities-Outlook-2018.pdf
Chakrabortty, A. (2018) ‘In 2011 Preston hit rock bottom. Then it took back control’, The Guardian, [online] 31 January, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/31/preston-hit-rock-bottom-took-back-control
Charles, T. (2021) ‘How Middlesbrough’s developing creative quarter will provide an ongoing economic boost’, Tees Valley Arts, [blog], Available from: https://www.boroculture.org.uk/2022/05/11/how-middlesbroughs-developing-creative-quarter-will-provide-an-ongoing-economic-boost/
Chatterton, P. (2002) ‘Governing nightlife: Profit, fun and (dis)order in the contemporary city’, Entertainment Law, 1(2): 23–49.
Chatterton, P. (2019) Unlocking Sustainable Cities: A Manifesto for Real Change, London: Pluto Press.
Chatterton, P. (2020) ‘Coronavirus: We’re in a real-time laboratory of a more sustainable urban future’, The Conversation, [online] 27 April, Available from: https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-were-in-a-real-time-laboratory-of-a-more-sustainable-urban-future-135712?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=bylinefacebookbutton&fbclid=IwAR3sAGx-9e4rz_zdmwGjD2PEqAOW2gzfFxco_nRRI_7no3REm2ucy3po2N8
Chatterton P. and Hollands, R. (2001) Changing our Toon: Youth, Nightlife and Urban Change in Newcastle, Newcastle: Newcastle University.
Chatterton, P. and Hollands, R. (2003) Urban Nightscapes: Youth Cultures, Pleasure Spaces and Corporate Power, London: Routledge.
Chatterton, P. and Hollands, R. (2004) ‘The London of the north? Youth cultures, urban change and nightlife’, in R. Unsworth and J. Stillwell (eds), Twenty-first Century Leeds: Geographies of a Regional City, Leeds: Leeds University Press, pp 265–290.
Chatterton, P. and Pusey, A. (2020) ‘Beyond capitalist enclosure, commodification and alienation: Postcapitalist praxis as commons, social production and useful doing’, Progress in Human Geography, 44(1): 27–48.
Chew, M.M. (2009) ‘Research on Chinese nightlife cultures and night-time economies’, Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, 42(2): 3–21.
Chien, S.S. and Wu, F. (2011) ‘Transformation of China’s urban entrepreneurialism: The case study of the city of Kunshan’, Cross Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review, 1(1), [online] 1 December, Available from: https://escholarship.org/content/qt7qn1q8cx/qt7qn1q8cx.pdf
Citroni, S. (2017) ‘The contradictions of creative activism: Situated meanings and everyday practices in a Milan case-study’, City, Culture and Society, 8: 43–50.
City of Edmonton (2012) ‘Edmonton, a city well built’, YouTube, [online] 12 May, Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mi_wn9J_7rQ
City of Melbourne (2021) ‘City of Melbourne creative strategy 2018–2028’, Melbourne: City of Melbourne, [online] September, Available from: https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/com-creative-strategy.PDF
Clark, N. (2012) ‘Thirst for profit sucks spirt from fringe stage’, Independent, [online] 5 August, Available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/news/thirst-for-profits-sucks-spirit-from-fringe-stage-8008987.html
Coffield, E., Markham, K., Richter, P., Huggan, R., Butler, D., Wainwright, E. and Prescott, R. (2019) ‘More than meanwhile spaces’, Newcastle University, [online] March, Available from: https://thenewbridgeproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/MTMS.-Final-Digital-Publication.pdf
Colau, A. (2019) ‘Epilogue: Transforming fear into hope’, in Barcelona En Comú, Fearless Cities: A Guide To the Global Municipalist Movement, Oxford: New Internationalist, pp 145–148.
Colomb, C. (2011) Staging the New Berlin: Place Marketing and the Politics of Urban Reinvention Post-1989, London: Routledge.
Connell, R. and Dados, N. (2014) ‘Where in the world does neoliberalism come from? The market agenda in southern perspective’, Theoretical Sociology, 43: 117–138.
Constantin, M., Saxon, S. and Yu, J. (2020) ‘Reimagining the $9 trillion tourism economy: What will it take?’, Travel, Logistics & Infrastructure, McKinsey and Company, [online] 5 August, Available from: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/travel-logistics-and-infrastructure/our-insights/reimagining-the-9-trillion-tourism-economy-what-will-it-take
Cooper, D. (2014) Everyday Utopias: The Conceptual Life of Promising Spaces, Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
Coppola, A. and Vanolo, A. (2014) ‘Normalising autonomous spaces: Ongoing transformations in Christiania, Copenhagen’, Urban Studies, 52(6): 1152–1168.
Cornelissen, S. (2017) ‘Entrepreneurial urban governance and development in Africa: Challenges, opportunities and lessons from South Africa’, in U. Engel and G.R. Olsen (eds) The African Exception, London: Routledge, pp 121–138.
Cossu, A. and Francesca Murru, M. (2018) ‘Macao before and beyond social media: The creation of the unexpected as a mobilisation logic’, in P. Serafini, J. Holtaway and A. Cossu (eds) artWORK: Art, Labour and Activism, London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp 65–86.
Creative Class Group (2016) ‘Buenos Aires: A creative city?’, [online] November, Available from: http://www.creativeclass.com/_wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/FINAL-Art-Basel-Buenos-Aires-Report.pdf
Crossley, S. (2018) Troublemakers: The Construction of ‘Troubled Families’ as a Social Problem, Bristol: Policy Press.
Cudny, R., Comunian, R. and Wolaniuk, A. (2020) ‘Arts and creativity: A business and branding strategy for Lodz as a neoliberal city’, Cities, 100: 1–10.
Cultural Workers Organize (2013) ‘“Messages of rupture”: An interview with Emanuele Braga on the MACAO occupation in Milan’, Scapegoat: Landscape, Architecture, Political Economy, 4: 179–187.
Currier, J. (2012) ‘Selling place through art: The creation and establishment of Beijing’s 798 Art District’, in P. Daniels, K.C. Ho and T. Hutton (eds) New Economic Spaces in Asian Cities: From Industrial Restructuring to the Cultural Turn, London: Routledge, pp 184–201.
Dadusc, D. and Dee, E.T.C. (2015) ‘The criminalisation of squatting: Discourses, moral panics and resistances in the Netherlands, England and Wales’, in L. O’Mahony, D. O’Mahony and R. Hickey (eds) Moral Rhetoric and the Criminalisation of Squatting: Vulnerable Demons?, New York: Routledge, pp 109–132.
Dalakoglou, D. (2018) ‘Another small death of Amsterdam’, Alternative Amsterdam, [online] 25 September, Available from: https://amsterdamalternative.nl/articles/6313
Davidson, M. (2010) ‘Social sustainability and the city’, Geography Compass, 4(7): 872–880.
Davies, R. (2020) ‘UK nightlife industry facing “financial armageddon”’, The Guardian, [online] 20 August, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/aug/20/uk-nightlife-industry-facing-financial-armageddon
Davies, R. and Mummery, H. (2006) Nightvision: Town Centres for All, London: The Civic Trust.
Davis, J. (2021) The Caring City: Ethics of Urban Design, Bristol: Bristol University Press.
Davis, M. (2007) Planet of Slums, London: Verso.
Dawson, A. (2019) Extreme Cities: The Peril and Promise of Urban Life in the Age of Climate Change, London: Verso.
Deacon, A. (1978) ‘The scrounging controversy: Public attitudes towards the unemployed in contemporary Britain’, Social Policy and Administration, 12(2): 120–135.
De Beukelaer, C. (2021) ‘Friction in the creative city’, Open Cultural Studies, 5(1): 40–53.
Degen, M. (2018) ‘Timescapes of urban change’, Sociological Review, 66 (5): 1074–1092.
De Neve, J.-E. and Krekel, C. (2020) ‘Cities and happiness: A global ranking and analysis’, World Happiness Report, [online] 20 March, Available from: https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2020/cities-and-happiness-a-global-ranking-and-analysis/
Denmead, T. (2019) The Creative Underclass: Youth, Race, and the Gentrifying City, Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
Department of Culture, Media and Sport (2001) Creative Industries Mapping Document, London: DCMS and the Creative Industries Task Force.
Deshmukh, A. (2021) ‘This simple chart reveals the distribution of global wealth’, Visual Capitalist, [online] 20 September, Available from: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/distribution-of-global-wealth-chart/
Detroit Metro Times (2014) ‘ICYMI: Forbes rates Detroit #9 on its “America’s most creative cities” list’, Detroit Metro Times, [online] 27 July, Available from: https://www.metrotimes.com/news/icymi-forbes-rates-detroit-9-on-its-americas-most-creative-cities-list-2203026
Deuber Ziegler, E. (2004) ‘Sédiments, traditions et héritages culturels: XVIe-XXe siècle’, Equinoxe, 24: 17–29.
Dewa, C. (2022) ‘Migrants scapegoated in South Africa as inequality and unemployment surge’, Open Democracy, [online] 29 March, Available from: https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/migrants-scapegoated-in-south-africa-as-inequality-and-unemployment-surge/
Dickinson, M. (1999) Rogue Reels: Oppositional Film in Britain 1945–90, London: British Film Institute.
Dinardi, C. (2020) ‘Re-thinking the creative economy through informality and social inclusion: Changing policy directions from Latin America’, in K. Oakley and M. Banks (eds) Cultural Industries and Environmental Crisis: New Approaches for Policy, Cham: Springer, pp 79–93.
Diss, K. (2016) ‘Perth’s Fringe Festival gives PIAF a run for its money’, ABC News, [online] 18 February, Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-19/piaf-fringe-festival-celebrates-its-biggest-ever/7182114
Dodd, A. (2022) ‘£5m boost to make Middlesbrough “the most creative town in the UK”’, The Northern Echo, [online] 12 March, Available from: https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/19988498.5m-boost-make-middlesbrough-the-creative-town-uk/
Dodd, D. (2004) ‘Barcelona: The making of a cultural city’, in M. Miles, T. Hall and I. Borden (eds) The City Cultures Reader (2nd edn), London: Routledge, pp 177–198.
Dorling, D. (2017) ‘The New Urban Crisis by Richard Florida review: “flawed and elitist ideas”’, The Guardian, [online] 26 September, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/sep/26/richard-florida-new-urban-crisis-review-flawed-elitist-ideas
d’Ovidio, M. and Cossu, A. (2017) ‘Culture is reclaiming the creative city: The case of Macao in Milan, Italy’, City, Culture and Society, 8: 7–12.
d’Ovidio, M. and Rodríguez Morató, A. (2017) ‘Introduction to SI: Against the creative city: Activism in the creative city: When cultural workers fight against creative city policy’, City, Culture and Society, 8: 3–6.
Draaisma J. (2016) ‘Cultural incubators: The squats of the 21st century?’, in A. Wageningen and V. Mamadouh (eds) Urban Europe: Fifty Tales of the City, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, pp 199–208.
Dreher, C. (2002) ‘Be creative – or die’, Salon, [online] 6 June, Available from: https://www.salon.com/2002/06/06/florida_22/
Duncan, J. (2022) ‘The death of neoliberalism? UK responses to the pandemic’, The International Journal of Human Rights, 26(3): 494–517.
Economist Intelligence Unit (2021) ‘The Global Liveability Index 2021: How the Covid-19 pandemic affected liveability worldwide’, [online], Available from: https://pages.eiu.com/rs/753-RIQ-438/images/global-liveability-index-2021-free-report.pdf
Edsor, B. (2017) ‘This northern UK city has beat out the likes of Cuba and Chile for the title of “best place to visit in 2018”’, Business Insider, [online] 20 December, Available from: https://www.businessinsider.in/This-northern-UK-city-has-beat-out-the-likes-of-Cuba-and-Chile-for-the-title-of-best-place-to-visit-in-2018/articleshow/62179262.cms
Eisenschitz, A. (2013) ‘The politicisation and contradictions of neo-liberal tourism’, International Journal of Tourism Policy, 5(1/2): 97–112.
Eldridge, A. and Nofre, J. (2018) ‘“Shaken not stirred”: An introduction to Exploring Nightlife’, in J. Nofre and A. Eldridge (eds) Exploring Nightlife: Space, Society and Governance, London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp 1–16.
Elliott, L. (2018) ‘Ten years after the financial crash, the timid left should be full of regrets’, The Guardian, [online] 30 August, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/aug/30/financial-crash-capitalism-banking-crisis
Emanuele, V. (2017) ‘Rebel cities, urban resistance and capitalism: A conversation with David Harvey’, Verso Books, [online] 9 February, Available from: https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/3088-rebel-cities-urban-resistance-and-capitalism-a-conversation-with-david-harvey
End Poverty Edmonton (2019) ‘Who are the “1 in 10” experiencing poverty in Edmonton?’, Tamarack Institute, [online] 19 September, Available from: https://www.tamarackcommunity.ca/latest/who-are-the-1-in-10-experiencing-poverty-in-edmonton#:~:text=The%20Edmonton%20region%20has%201,%2439%2C000%20a%20year%20or%20less.&text=9%2C705%20lone%20parent%20families%20are,8%2C460%20families%20are%20female%2Dled
Engelen, E., Froud, J., Johal, S., Salento, A. and Williams, K. (2017) ‘The grounded city: From competitivity to the foundational economy’, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10(3): 407–423.
Engelman, U., Rowe, M. and Southern, A. (2016) ‘Community land trusts: A radical or reformist response to the housing question today?’, ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 15(3): 589–615.
The Equality Trust (nd) ‘How has inequality changed? Development of UK income inequality’, The Equality Trust, [online], Available from: https://equalitytrust.org.uk/how-has-inequality-changed
Ersoy, A. and Larner, A. (2020) ‘Rethinking urban entrepreneurialism: Bristol Green Capital – in it for good?’, European Planning Studies, 28(4): 790–808.
Euromonitor International (2017) ‘Income inequality ranking of the world’s major cities’, Euromonitor International, [online] 31 October, Available from: https://www.euromonitor.com/article/income-inequality-ranking-worlds-major-cities
Evans, G. (2002) Cultural Planning: An Urban Renaissance? An International Perspective on Planning for the Arts, Culture and Entertainment, London: Routledge.
Evans, G. (2009) ‘Creative cities, creative spaces and urban policy’, Urban Studies, 46(5/6): 1003–1040.
Evans, G. (2017) ‘Creative cities: An international perspective’, in J. Hannigan and G. Richards (eds) The SAGE Handbook of New Urban Studies, London: SAGE, pp 311–329.
Evans, G. (2019) Mega-Events: Placemaking, Regeneration and City-Regional Development, London: Routledge.
Fainstein, S. (2009) ‘Planning and the just city’, in P. Marcuse, J. Connolly and J. Novy (eds) Searching for the Just City: Debates in Urban Theory and Practice, Oxon: Routledge, pp 39–59.
Fainstein, S. (2010) The Just City, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Farrer, J. (2018) ‘Nightlife and Night-Time Economy in Urban China’, in W. Wu and M. Frazier (eds) The SAGE Handbook of Contemporary China, London: SAGE Publications Ltd, pp 1112–1130.
Fleming-Muñoz, D.A. and Measham, T. (2015) ‘Rich and poor: Which areas of Australia are most unequal?, The Conversation, [online] 27 September, Available from: https://theconversation.com/rich-and-poor-which-areas-of-australia-are-most-unequal-42409
Florida, R. (2002) ‘The rise of the creative class’, Washington Monthly, [online] May, Available from: https://washingtonmonthly.com/2002/05/01/the-rise-of-the-creative-class/
Florida, R. (2003a) ‘Cities and the creative class’, City & Community, 2(1): 3–19.
Florida, R. (2003b) ‘The new American dream’, Washington Monthly, [online] March, Available from: https://washingtonmonthly.com/2003/03/01/the-new-american-dream/
Florida, R. (2004) The Rise of the Creative Class: And How it’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life, New York: Basic Books.
Florida, R. (2005) Cities and the Creative Class, New York: Harper Business.
Florida, R. (2008) Who’s Your City? How the Creative Economy is Making Where You Live the Important Decision of Your Life, New York: Basic Books.
Florida, R. (2014) The Rise of the Creative Class, Revisited, New York: Basic Books.
Florida, R. (2018) The New Urban Crisis: Gentrification, Housing Bubbles, Growing Inequality and What We Can Do About It, London: One World.
Florida, R. (2019) ‘The changing geography of America’s creative class’, Bloomberg, [online] 27 August, Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-27/the-changing-geography-of-america-s-creative-class
Florida, R. and Pedigo, S. (2017) ‘The consumer redefined: The creative class’, lemiami.com/labs and the Creative Class Group, [online], Available from: https://www.creativeclass.com/_wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/FINAL-LE-MIAMI-REPORT.pdf
FlyGreen (2022) ‘Sustainable flying: Is sustainable air travel possible?’, FlyGreen, [online], Available from: https://flygrn.com/page/sustainable-air-travel
Flynn, T. (2021) The Brasilia of the North? Sixty Years of Regeneration, Newcastle: Tyne Bridge Publishing.
Foley, N. (2021) ‘Pub statistics: Briefing paper No 8591’, House of Commons Library, [online] 22 April, Available from: https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8591/CBP-8591.pdf
Foundational Economy Collective (2018) Foundational Economy: The Infrastructure of Everyday Life, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Freeman, J. and Burgos, M. (2016) ‘Accumulation by forced removal: The thinning of Rio de Janeiro’s favelas in preparation for the games’, Journal of Latin American Studies, 49(3): 549–577.
Friedman, M. (2015) ‘Here are the most (and least) expensive cities in the world’, Esquire, [online] 18 September, Available from: https://www.esquire.com/lifestyle/money/news/a38051/what-are-the-most-expensive-cities/
Friedman, S., O’Brien, D. and Laurison, D. (2017) ‘“Like skydiving without a parachute”: How class origin shapes occupational trajectories in British acting’, Sociology, 51(5): 992–1010.
Friedmann, J. (1986) ‘The world city hypothesis’, Development and Change, 17(1): 69–83.
Fuchs, C. (2012) ‘Some reflections on Manuel Castells’ book “Networks of Outrage and Hope. Social Movements in the Internet Age”’, tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, 10(2): 775–797.
Fukuma, T. (2022) ‘Return to the artspaces of the future’, Symposium: Towards an Alternative Vision of Creative and Cultural Third-places: Exploring Sustainable Models in Europe, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle & La Station – Gare des Mines, Paris, 24–25 November.
Furseth, J. (2018) ‘The battle to save east London: Is this finally the end? The death of Hackney Wick’, Huck, [online] 11 October, Available from: https://www.huckmag.com/perspectives/reportage-2/the-battle-to-save-east-london-is-this-finally-the-end/
Furseth, J. (2020) ‘Future of the Wick’, The Wick: Keeping the Creative Flame Alive, [online] 13 November, Available from: https://jessicafurseth.com/2020/11/13/future-of-the-wick/
Gallo, A. (2019) ‘7 giants that earn billions of dollars thanks to the global tourism’, Ecobnb, [online] 10 October, Available from: https://ecobnb.com/blog/2019/10/giants-global-tourism/
Ganbold, S. (2022) ‘Leading city destinations in Asia in 2019, by number of international arrivals’, Statista, [online] 15 February, Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/381848/leading-city-destinations-by-number-of-arrivals-asia/#:~:text=In%202019%2C%20Hong%20Kong%20was,international%20tourist%20arrivals%20in%202019
Garrahan, P. and Stewart, P. (1992) The Nissan Enigma: Flexibility at Work in a Local Economy, London: Mansell.
Gerhard, U., Hoelscher, M. and Wilson, D. (2017) ‘Introduction. Inequalities in the creative city: A new perspective on an old phenomenon’, in U. Gerhard, M. Hoelscher and D. Wilson (eds) Inequalities in Creative Cities: Issues, Approaches, Comparisons, Cham: Springer, pp 3–14.
Gheyoh Ndzi, E. (2022) ‘P&O: Sacking of 800 staff shows just how precarious UK jobs can be’, The Conversation, [online] 18 March, Available from: https://ray.yorksj.ac.uk/id/eprint/6204/1/pando-sacking-of-800-staff-shows-just-how-precarious-uk-jobs-can-be-179589
Giaever Lopez, M. (2022) ‘Temporary autonomous home: Free parties and migration on the margins of the urban night’, Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture, 13(1): 27–42.
Glaeser, E. (2012) Triumph of the City: How Urban Spaces Make Us Human, London: Pan Macmillan.
Glass, R. (1964) ‘Aspects of change’, in Centre for Urban Studies (ed) London: Aspects of Change, London: MacGibbon and Kee, pp xiii–xlii.
Glencross, T. (2017) ‘The neoliberal night out: Why clubbing doesn’t feel radical anymore’, Vice, [online] 5 April, Available from: https://www.vice.com/en/article/9a7jgv/the-neoliberal-night-out-why-clubbing-doesnt-feel-radical-anymore
Gofton, L. (1983) ‘Real ale and real men’, New Society, 66: 271–273.
Gois, M.P.F. (2018) ‘Policies for nightlife and the democratic city: From urban renewal to behaviour control in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’, in J. Nofre and A. Eldridge (eds) Exploring Nightlife: Space, Society and Governance, London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp 207–222.
Gornostaeva G. and Campbell, N. (2012) ‘The creative underclass in the production of place: Example of Camden Town in London’, Journal of Urban Affairs, 34(2): 169–188.
Gotham, K. (2018) ‘Assessing and advancing research on tourism gentrification’, Via Tourism Review, 13: 1–11.
Gottdiener, M. (2001) The Theming of America: American Dreams, Media Fantasies, And Themed Environments (2nd edn), Oxford: Westview Press.
Gould, L. (2021) ‘Top global for cities entrepreneurial success’, Business Traveller, [online] 15 June, Available from: https://www.businesstravelerusa.com/business-traveler-usa-story/top-global-cities-entrepreneurial-success/
Gowling, A. (2013) ‘Amsterdam fourth most creative global city’, I Am Expat, [online] 23 August, Available from: https://www.iamexpat.nl/expat-info/dutch-expat-news/amsterdam-fourth-most-creative-global-city
Gravari-Barbas, M. and Guinand, S. (2017) Tourism and Gentrification in Contemporary Metropolises: International Perspectives, London: Routledge.
Gray, L. and Leyland, A.H. (2009) ‘A multilevel analysis of diet and socio-economic status in Scotland: Investigating the “Glasgow effect”’, Public Health Nutrition, 12(9): 351–1358.
Grodach, C. (2017) ‘Urban cultural policy and creative city making’, Cities, 68: 82–91.
Grodach, C., Foster, N. and Murdoch, J. (2016) ‘Gentrification, displacement and the arts: Untangling the relationship between arts industries and place change’, Urban Studies, 55(4): 807–825.
Gros, D. (2004) ‘Du désir de révolution à la dissidence: Constitution de la mouvance alternative genevoise et devenir de ses acteurs’, Equinoxe, 24: 32–42.
Grugel, J. and Riggirozzi, P. (2018) ‘Neoliberal disruption and neoliberalism’s afterlife in Latin America: What is left of post-neoliberalism?’, Critical Social Policy, 38(3): 547–566.
Gu, X., Lim, M.K. and O’Connor, J. (2020) Re-imagining Creative Cities in 21st Century Asia, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Guanyem Barcelona (2015) ‘Why do we want to win back Barcelona? Principles and commitments to guide the way’, Guanyem Barcelona, [online], Available from: https://guanyembarcelona.cat/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/priciples.pdf
Guia, J. (2021) ‘Conceptualizing justice tourism and the promise of posthumanism’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(2–3): 503–520.
Gyr, U. (2010) ‘The history of tourism: Structures on the path to modernity’, European History Online, [online], Available from: http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/the-history-of-tourism
Haben und Brauchen (2012) ‘Manifesto’, [online] January, Available from: http://www.habenundbrauchen.de/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/HB_web_english_neu.pdf
Habibi, Z. (2020) ‘Whose cultural memory? Disruptive tactics by the creative collectives in George Town, Malaysia’, in X. Gu, M.K. Lim and J. O’Connor (eds) Re-imagining Creative Cities in 21st Century Asia, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 113–128.
Hadfield, P. (2006) Bar Wars: Contesting the Night in Contemporary British Cities, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hadfield, P. (2015) ‘The night-time city. Four modes of exclusion: Reflections on the Urban Studies special collection’, Urban Studies, 52(3): 606–616.
Hadley, S. and Belfiore, E. (2018) ‘Cultural democracy and cultural policy’, Cultural Trends, 27(3): 218–223.
Hae, L. (2011) ‘Dilemmas of the nightlife fix: Post-industrialisation and the gentrification of nightlife in New York City’, Urban Studies, 48(16): 3449–3465.
Hae, L. (2012) The Gentrification of Nightlife and the Right to the City: Regulating Spaces of Social Dancing in New York City, London: Routledge.
Haines, G. (2021) ‘The world’s best cities for mental wellbeing, according to data crunchers’, Positive News, [online] 9 July, Available from: https://www.positive.news/society/the-worlds-best-cities-for-mental-wellbeing/
Hall, S. and Jefferson, T. (eds) (1976) Resistance Through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain, London: Hutchinson.
Hall, S. and Jacques, M. (1983) The Politics of Thatcherism, London: Lawrence & Wishart.
Hall, T. and Hubbard, P. (1996) ‘The entrepreneurial city: New urban politics, new urban geographies?’, Progress in Human Geography, 20(2): 153–174.
Halls, E. (2018) ‘When will we give working class creatives the support they deserve?’, GQ, [online] 27 October, Available from: https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/working-class-creatives
Hamnett, C. (1994) ‘Social polarisation in global cities: Theory and evidence’, Urban Studies, 31(3): 401–424.
Hamnett, C. (2021) ‘The changing social structure of global cities: Professionalisation, proletarianisation or polarisation’, Urban Studies, 58(5): 1050–1066.
Hancock, A. (2021) ‘Nightclub nightmare: Industry fears for its post-Covid future’, Financial Times, [online] 9 April, Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/20faa49c-4723-4eea-b167-7160391196ab
Hancox, D. (2008) ‘In defence of hipsters’, The Guardian, [online] 8 September, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/sep/03/fashion
Hancox, D. (2015) ‘Never mind the hipsters: It’s the property developers who are ruining our cities’, The Guardian, [online] 28 September, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/sep/28/hipsters-property-developers-gentrification-cereal-killer-cafe
Hanley, L. (2012) Estates: An Intimate History, London: Granta Books.
Hanna, T., Guinan, J. and Bilsborough, J. (2018) ‘The “Preston model” and the modern politics of municipal socialism’, Open Democracy, [online] 12 June, Available from: https://neweconomics.opendemocracy.net/preston-model-modern-politics-municipal-socialism/
Hannigan, J. (1998) Fantasy City: Pleasure and Profit in the Postmodern City, London: Routledge.
Harrebye, S. (2015) ‘The ambivalence of creative activism as a reorganization of critique’, Culture and Organization, 21(2): 126–146.
Harris, J. (2020) ‘Are Apple products environmentally friendly?’, Ecologist, [online] 16 September, Available from: https://theecologist.org/2020/sep/16/are-apple-products-environmentally-friendly
Harris, T., Hodge, L. and Phillips, D. (2019) ‘English local government funding: Trends and challenges in 2019 and beyond’, Institute for Fiscal Studies, [online] November, Available from: https://ifs.org.uk/sites/default/files/output_url_files/English-local-government-funding-trends-and-challenges-in-2019-and-beyond-IFS-Report-166.pdf
Harvey, D. (1973) Social Justice and the City, London: Arnold.
Harvey, D. (1985a) Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Harvey, D. (1985b) The Urbanization of Capital, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Harvey, D. (1989a) ‘From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: The transformation in urban governance in late capitalism’, Geografiska annale, 71B(1): 3–17.
Harvey, D. (1989b) The Condition of Postmodernity, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Harvey, D. (1989c) The Urban Experience, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Harvey, D. (1996) Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference, Cambridge: Blackwell.
Harvey, D. (2000) Spaces of Hope: Towards a Critical Geography, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Harvey, D. (2001) ‘Globalization and the “spatial fix”’, Geographische Revue: Zeitschrift für Literatur und Diskussion, 3(2): 23–30.
Harvey, D. (2007) A Brief History of Neo-liberalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Harvey, D. (2009) ‘The right to the just city’, in P. Marcuse, J. Connolly and J. Novy (eds) Searching for the Just City: Debates in Urban Theory and Practice, Oxon: Routledge, pp 40–51.
Harvey, D. (2012) Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution, London: Verso.
Harvey, D. (2018) The Limits to Capital, London: Verso.
Harvey, D. and Wachsmuth, D. (2011) ‘What is to be done? And who the hell is going to do it?’, in N. Brenner, P. Marcuse and M. Mayer (eds) Cities for People, Not for Profit: Critical Urban Theory and the Right to the City, London: Routledge, pp 264–274.
Hawkes, J. (2001) The Fourth Pillar of Sustainability: Culture’s Essential Role in Public Planning, Melbourne: Common Ground.
Haydock, W. (2009) ‘“Binge” drinking, neo-liberalism and individualism’, 9th Conference of the European Sociological Association, Lisbon, Portugal, [online] 2–5 September, Available from: http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21033
Haywood, K. and Yar, M. (2006) ‘The “chav” phenomenon: Consumption, media and the construction of a new underclass’, Crime Media Culture, 2(1): 9–28.
Heath, J. and Potter, A. (2006) The Rebel Sell: How the Counter Culture Became Consumer Culture, Chichester: Capstone Publishing.
Heath, T. and Strickland, R. (1997) ‘The twenty-four hour city concept’, in T. Oc and S. Tiesdfll (eds) Safer City Centres: Reviving the Public Realm, London: Chapman, pp 170–183.
Hebdige, D. (1977) Subculture: The Meaning of Style, London: Methuen.
Heinrich Mora, E., Heine, C., Jackson, J.J., West, G.B., Chuqiao Yang, V. and Kempes, C.P. (2021) ‘Scaling of urban income inequality in the USA’, Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 18: 1–18.
Herrnstein, R.J. and Murray, C. (1994) The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life, New York: The Free Press.
Hesmondhalgh, D. (2019) The Cultural Industries (4th edn), London and Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Hesmondhalgh, D. and Baker, S. (2013) Creative Labour: Media Work in Three Cultural Industries, London: Routledge.
Hetherington, K. (2000) New Age Travellers: Vanloads of Uproarious Humanity, London: Cassell.
Hickel, J., Dorninger, C., Wieland, H. and Suwandi, I. (2022) ‘Imperialist appropriation in the world economy: Drain from the global south through unequal exchange, 1990–2015’, Global Environmental Change, 73: 1–13.
Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2018) ‘The potential for justice through tourism’, Via Tourism Review, 13, [online], Available from: https://journals.openedition.org/viatourism/2469
Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020) ‘Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19’, Tourism Geographies, 22(3): 610–623.
Hobbs, D., Lister, S., Hadfield, P., Winlow, S. and Hall, S. (2000) ‘Receiving shadows: Governance and liminality in the night-time economy’, British Journal of Sociology, 51: 701–717.
Hollands, R. (1995) Friday Night, Saturday Night: Youth Cultural Identification on the Post-Industrial City, Newcastle: Newcastle University.
Hollands, R. (2002) ‘Divisions in the dark: Youth cultures, transitions and segmented consumption spaces in the night-time economy’, Journal of Youth Studies, 5(2): 153–171.
Hollands, R. (2008) ‘Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial?’, City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 12(3): 303–320.
Hollands, R. (2009) ‘Cultural workers of the world unite, you’ve nothing to lose but your theatres: “Dny Neklidu” (“Days of Unrest”) and the Initiative for a Cultural Prague’, City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 13(1): 139–145.
Hollands, R. (2010) ‘Engaging and alternative cultural tourism? The case of the Prague Fringe Festival (PFF)’, Journal of Cultural Economy, 3(3): 379–394.
Hollands, R. (2011) ‘Corporate or creative city? The role of alternative nightlife in creating a diverse and vibrant after dark economy’, a keynote address presented at the event ‘States General of the Night’, sponsored by Geneva City Council, Geneva, Switzerland, 4 March.
Hollands, R. (2012) ‘2011 Prague Fringe Festival audience survey’, Newcastle University, [online] October, Available from: //efa2idnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/http://2012.praguefringe.com/fileadmin/user_upload/2011_Prague_Fringe_Festival_Audience_Survey__FINAL_.pdf
Hollands, R. (2015) ‘Critical interventions into the corporate smart city’, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(1): 61–77.
Hollands, R. (2016a) ‘Prague Fringe audience survey & impact report’, Newcastle University, [online], Available from: https://issuu.com/praguefringe/docs/prague_fringe_audience_survey___imp/16
Hollands, R. (2016b) ‘Revisiting urban nightscapes: An academic and personal journey through 20 years of nightlife research’, in T. Thurnell-Read (ed) Drinking Dilemmas: Space, Culture and Identity, London: Routledge, pp 13–27.
Hollands, R. (2017a) ‘“Loving your work”: Engagement, impact, and the Prague Fringe’, Discover Society, 46, [online] 5 July, Available from: https://archive.discoversociety.org/2017/07/05/lovin-your-work-engagment-impact-and-the-prague-fringe/
Hollands, R. (2017b) ‘Urban cultural movements and the struggle for alternative creative spaces’, Major Research Fellowship Final Report, Leverhulme Trust, 22 November.
Hollands, R. (2018) ‘Creative dark matter rising? Struggling over the future of alternative cultural spaces in the city of Geneva’, Discover Society (DS58), [online] 3 July, Available from: https://archive.discoversociety.org/2018/07/03/creative-dark-matter-rising-struggling-over-the-future-of-alternative-cultural-spaces-in-the-city-of-geneva/
Hollands, R. (2019) ‘Alternative creative spaces and neo-liberal urban transformations: Lessons and dilemmas from three European case studies’, City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 23(6): 732–750.
Hollands, R. and Vail, J. (2012) ‘The art of social movement: Cultural opportunity, mobilisation, and framing in the early formation of the Amber Collective’, Poetics, 40(1): 22–43.
Hollands, R. and Vail, J. (2015) ‘Place imprinting and the arts: A case of the Amber Collective’, Local Economy, 30(2): 173–190.
Hollands, R., Berthet, M.A., Nada, E. and Bjertnes, V. (2017) ‘Urban cultural movements and the night: Struggling for the “right to the creative (party) city” in Geneva’, in J. Hannigan and G. Richards (eds) The SAGE Handbook of New Urban Studies, London: SAGE, pp 295–310.
Holmes, N. and Berube, A. (2016) ‘City and metropolitan inequality on the rise, driven by declining incomes’, Brookings, [online] 14 January, Available from: https://www.brookings.edu/research/city-and-metropolitan-inequality-on-the-rise-driven-by-declining-incomes/
Hossfeld Etyang, J., Nyairo, J. and Sievers, F. (2020) Ten Cities: Clubbing in Nairobi, Cairo, Kyiv, Johannesburg, Berlin, Naples, Luanda, Lagos, Bristol, Lisbon 1960 – March 2020, Leipzig: Spector Books.
Hough, P. (2019) ‘The most creative cities on earth’, Think!Creative, [online] 27 September, Available from: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/most-creative-cities-earth-paul-hough/
Hunter-Pazzara, B. (2019) ‘“12th Street is Dead”: Techno-heritage and neoliberal contestation in the Maya Riviera’, Social Sciences, 8(8): 1–17.
Husson, M. and Louçã, F. (2012) ‘Late capitalism and neo-liberalism: A perspective on the current phase of the long wave of capitalist development’, in L. Grinin, T, Devezas and A. Korotayev (eds) Kondratieff Waves: Dimensions and Prospects at the Dawn of the 21st Century, Volgograd: Uchitel Publishing House, pp 176–187.
Hutton, T. (2016) Cities and the Cultural Economy, London: Routledge.
Hutton, W. (1995) The State We’re In: Why Britain Is in Crisis and How to Overcome It, Harmondsworth: Penguin Random House.
Hutton, W. (2005) ‘Did I get it wrong?’, The Guardian, [online] 9 January, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/jan/09/politicalcolumnists.comment
Hutton, W. (2010) ‘Extract: Them and us: Politics, greed and inequality – why we need a fair society’, The Guardian, [online] 26 September, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/sep/26/them-and-us-will-hutton
Ibis World (2022a) ‘Pubs, bars & nightclubs in the EU: Market research report’, Ibis World, [online] 28 March, Available from: https://www.ibisworld.com/eu/industry/pubs-bars-nightclubs/3445/
Ibis World (2022b) ‘Nightclubs in the UK: Market research report’, Ibis World, [online] 25 February, Available from: https://www.ibisworld.com/united-kingdom/market-research-reports/nightclubs-industry/
Immergluck, D. (2001) ‘The financial services sector and cities: Restructuring, decentralization, and declining urban employment’, Economic Development Quarterly, 15(3): 274–288.
inkifi (nd) ‘The world’s most creative cities’, inkifi, [online], Available from: https://inkifi.com/most-creative-cities/
Instant Offices (2021) ‘Most entrepreneurial city in the UK 2021’, Instant Offices, [online], Available from: https://www.instantoffices.com/blog/featured/entrepreneurial-city-uk-2021/#:~:text=Most%20Entrepreneurial%20Cities,were%20registered%20outside%20the%20capital
Institute for Policy Studies (nd) ‘Global inequality’, Inequality.org, [online], Available from: https://inequality.org/facts/global-inequality/
Isaac, R.K. (2009) ‘Alternative tourism: Can the segregation wall in Bethlehem be a tourist attraction?’, Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 6(3): 247–254.
Isaac, R.K. (2010) ‘Alternative tourism: New forms of tourism in Bethlehem for the Palestinian tourism industry’, Current Issues in Tourism, 13(1): 21–36.
Jackson, T. (2016) Prosperity without Growth: Foundations for the Economy of Tomorrow, London: Routledge.
Jacobsen, J.K.S. (2003) ‘The tourist bubble and the Europeanisation of holiday travel’, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 1(1): 71–87.
Jansen, N. (2014) ‘The OT301 history in words’, in F. Keizer (ed) Autonomy by Dissent: EHBK/ OT301, Amsterdam: Abnormal Data Processing, pp 247–275.
Jauhiainen, J. (1992) ‘Culture as a tool for urban regeneration: The case of upgrading the “barrio el Raval” of Barcelona’, Built Environment, 18(2): 90–99.
Jessop, B. (1997) ‘The entrepreneurial city: Reimagining localities, redesigning economic governance or restructuring capital’, in N. Jewson and S. McGregor (eds) Transforming Cities: Contested Governance and New Spatial Divisions, London: Routledge, pp 28–41.
Jesus, D.S.V., Kamlot, D. and Dubeux, V.J.C. (2020) ‘A critique of the creative economy, creative city and creative class from the Global South’, International Journal of Business Administration, 11(4): 1–12.
John, A. and McDonald, B. (2020) ‘How elite sport helps to foster and maintain a neoliberal culture: The “branding” of Melbourne’, Australia, Urban Studies, 57(6): 1184–1200.
Johnson, E. (2019) ‘This is the only African city to make the top 5 world’s most creative cities list’, Face 2 Face Africa, [online] 23 July, Available from: https://face2faceafrica.com/article/this-is-the-only-african-city-to-make-the-top-5-worlds-most-creative-cities-list/4
Johnson, H. (2020) ‘Global nightlife claims $1,500 billion loss due to COVID-19 pandemic’, Travel Daily Media, [online] 9 September, Available from: https://www.traveldailymedia.com/global-nightlife-claims-1500-billion-loss-due-to-covid-19-pandemic/
Johnston, R., Poulsen, M. and Forrest, J. (2003) ‘Ethnic residential concentration and a “new spatial order”? Exploratory analyses of four United States metropolitan areas, 1980–2000’, International Journal of Population Geography, 9(1): 39–56.
Jones, K.E., Michael, G. and Rob, S. (2019) ‘Urban virtues and the innovative city: An experiment in placing innovation in Edmonton, Canada’, Urban Studies, 56(4): 705–721.
Jones, O. (2011) Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class, London: Verso.
Jordison, S. (2003) Crap Towns: The 50 Worst Places to Live in the UK, London: Boxtree.
Joy, M. and Vogel, R.K. (2021) ‘Beyond neoliberalism: A policy agenda for a progressive city’, Urban Affairs Review, 27(5): 1372–1409.
Just Stop Oil (2022) ‘Just stop oil’, [online], Available from: https://juststopoil.org/
Kallis, G. (2018) Degrowth, Newcastle: Agenda.
Kallis, G., Demaria, F. and D’Alisa, G. (2015) ‘Introduction: Degrowth’, in G. D’Alisa, F. Demaria and G. Kallis (eds) Degrowth: A Vocabulary for a New Era, London and New York: Routledge, pp 1–18.
Kalvapalle, R. (2016) ‘Rio de Janeiro welcomed 1.17 million tourists in two weeks’, Marca, [online] 24 August, Available from: https://www.marca.com/en/olympic-games/2016/08/24/57bda7a0468aeb3e158b4596.html
Karp, P. and Hutchens, G. (2018) ‘Neoliberalism has caused “misery and division”, Bernie Fraser says’, The Guardian, [online] 16 October, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/oct/17/neoliberalism-has-caused-misery-and-division-bernie-fraser-says
Kassis, R., Solomon, R. and Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2016) ‘Solidarity tourism in Palestine: The Alternative Tourism Group of Palestine as a catalyzing instrument of resistance’, in R. Isaac, C.M. Hall and F. Higgins-Desbiolles (eds) The Politics and Power of Tourism in Palestine, Abingdon: Routledge, pp 37–52.
Kaymas, S. (2020) ‘Is development possible without cultural policies? Rethinking creative industries and sustainable development in the case of Turkey’, Creative Industries Journal, 13(1): 72–92.
Keizer, F. (ed) (2014) Autonomy by Dissent: EHBK/ OT301, Amsterdam: Abnormal Data Processing.
Kilic, S. (2021) ‘Does COVID-19 as a long wave turning point mean the end of neoliberalism?’, Critical Sociology, 47(4–5): 609–623.
King, D. (2016) ‘WTF?! (What the Fr*nge?!)’, World Infringement Congress presentation, YouTube, [online] 19 November, Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpKmPor2kk8
Kirchberg, V. and Kagan, S. (2013) ‘The role of artists in the emergence of creative sustainable cities: Theoretical clues and empirical illustrations’, City, Culture and Society, 4: 137–152.
Klinenberg, E. (2018) Palaces for the People: How to Build a More Equal and United Society, London: Bodley Head.
Koch, A. (2016) ‘On art and life in a vanished wonderland’, in U. Brezborn and S. Weismann (eds) KuLe: Art and Life. A House in Berlin Since 1990, Berlin: Revolver Publishing, pp 140–144.
Koch, I., Fransham, M., Cant, S., Ebrey, J., Glucksberg, L. and Savage, M. (2021) ‘Social polarisation at the local level: A four-town comparative study on the challenges of politicising inequality in Britain’, Sociology, 55(1): 3–29.
Kolioulis, A. (2018) ‘More day in the night? The gentrification of London’s night-time through clubbing’, Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana serie 14, 1(2): 207–218.
Kong, L. and O’Conner, J. (eds) (2009) Creative Economies, Creative Cities, Dordrecht: Springer.
Krätke, S. (2010) ‘“Creative cities” and the rise of the dealer class: A critique of Richard Florida’s approach to urban theory’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 34(4): 835–853.
Landry, C. (2000) The Creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators, London: Earthscan.
Landry, C. (2012) The Origins & Futures of the Creative City, Bournes Green: Comedia.
Landry, C. and Bianchini, F. (1995) The Creative City, London: Demos.
Laurell, A.C. (2015) ‘Three decades of neoliberalism in Mexico: The destruction of society’, International Journal Health Services, 45: 246–264.
Lavalette, M. and Mooney, G. (eds) (2000) Class Struggle and Social Welfare, London: Routledge.
Lawler, S. (2005) ‘Disgusted subjects: The making of middle-class identities’, The Sociological Review, 53(3): 429–446.
Lee, A. (2020) ‘Britain’s illegal coronavirus raves are impossible to police’, Wired, [online] 20 June, Available from: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/uk-coronavirus-raves-party-police
Lee, N., Sissons, P. and Jones, K. (2016) ‘The geography of wage inequality in British cities’, Regional Studies, 50(10): 1714–1727.
Lees, L., Slater, T. and Wyly, E. (2013) Gentrification, New York: Routledge.
Lefebvre, H. (1996) Writings on Cities, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Le Grand, E. (2019) ‘Conceptualising social types and figures: From social forms to classificatory struggles’, Cultural Sociology, 13(4): 411–427.
Leitner, H., Peck, J. and Sheppard, E. (2007) Contesting Neoliberalism: Urban Frontiers, London: Guilford Press.
Leslie, D. and Catungal, P. (2012) ‘Social justice and the creative city: Class, gender and racial inequalities’, Geography Compass, 6(3): 111–122.
Levitas, R. (1998) The Inclusive Society? Social Exclusion and New Labour, London: Macmillan.
Levy, H. (2019) ‘Mi Casa takes the stage in Bushwick’, Arts in Bushwick, [blog], Available from: https://artsinbushwick.org/mi-casa-takes-the-stage-in-bushwick/
Ley, D. (1996) The New Middle Class and the Remaking of the Central City, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lijster, T., Volont, L. and Gielen, P. (2022) ‘Cultural commoning in the city’, in L. Volont, T. Lijster, and P. Gielen (eds) The Rise of the Common City, Brussels: Academic and Scientific Publishers, pp 15–32.
Little, C. (2020) ‘The chav youth subculture and its representation in academia as anomalous phenomenon’, M/C Journal, 23(5), [online], Available from: https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1675
Lloyd, R. (2006) Neo-Bohemia: Art and Commerce in the Postindustrial City, London: Routledge.
Loader, I. (1996) Youth, Policing and Democracy, London: Macmillan.
Lock, S. (2021) ‘Largest selected pub companies in the UK 2020, by number of units’, Statista, [online] 18 June, Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/310844/ten-leading-independent-pub-companies-in-the-united-kingdom-uk-by-number-of-pubs-owned/
Lock, S. (2022) ‘Number of pubs in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2000 to 2020’, Statista, [online] 4 March, Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/310723/total-number-of-pubs-in-the-united-kingdom/
López, A.M. (2021) ‘Tourist numbers in Barcelona’s hotels 1990–2020’, Statista, [online] 14 September, Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/452060/number-of-tourists-in-barcelona-spain/
López Morales, E. (2009) ‘Urban entrepreneurialism and creative destruction: A case-study of the urban renewal strategy in the peri-centre of Santiago de Chile, 1990–2005’, PhD thesis, University College London, [online], Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/1687572.pdf
Lorey, I. (2006) ‘Governmentality and self-precarization: On the normalization of cultural producers’, transversal texts, [online] January, Available from: https://transversal.at/transversal/1106/lorey/en
Lorey, I. (2015) State of Insecurity: Government of the Precarious, London: Verso.
Loss, L. (2019) ‘Tourism has generated 20% of total world employment since 2013’, Tourism Review News, [online] 7 October, Available from: https://www.tourism-review.com/tourism-industry-is-the-pillar-of-economy-news11210
Luger, J. (2017) ‘Whither the creative city? The comeuppance of Richard Florida’, urbanculturalstudies, [online] 28 September, Available from: https://urbanculturalstudies.wordpress.com/2017/09/28/whither-the-creative-city-the-comeuppance-of-richard-florida/
Luger, J. (2019) ‘When the creative class strikes back: State-led creativity and its discontents’, Geoforum, 106: 330–339.
MacDonald, K. (2022) ‘The Perth regions that have had double-digit house price growth in 2022’, The West Australian, [online] 29 August, Available from: https://www.perthnow.com.au/business/property/the-perth-regions-that-have-had-double-digit-house-price-growth-in-2022-c-8047714
MacDonald, R. (ed) (1997) Youth, the ‘Underclass’ and Social Exclusion, London: Routledge.
MacDonald, R. and Marsh, J. (2005) Disconnected Youth: Growing Up in Britain’s Poor Neighbourhoods, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
MacDonald, R. and Giazitzoglu, A. (2019) ‘Youth, enterprise and precarity: Or, what is, and what is wrong with, the “gig economy”?’, Journal of Sociology, 55(4): 724–740.
MacDonald, R., Shildrick, T. and Furlong, A. (2014) ‘In search of “intergenerational cultures of worklessness”: Hunting the yeti and shooting zombies’, Critical Social Policy, 34(2): 199–220.
MacDonald, R., Shildrick, T. and Furlong, A. (2020) ‘“Cycles of disadvantage” revisited: Young people, families and poverty across generations’, Journal of Youth Studies, 23(1): 12–27.
Magness, P.W. (2019) ‘The fairytale of hegemonic neoliberalism’, American Institute for Economic Research, [online] 5 June, Available from: https://www.aier.org/article/the-fairytale-of-hegemonic-neoliberalism/
Malanga, S. (2004) ‘The curse of the creative class’, City Journal, [online], Available from: https://www.city-journal.org/html/curse-creative-class-12491.html
Malmo Tourism (2018) ‘Sweden’s art scene shows its alternative side in Malmö’, The Local, [online] 28 September, Available from: https://www.thelocal.dk/20180928/swedens-art-scene-shows-its-alternative-side-in-malmo-malmostad-tlccu/
Mann, K. (1992) The Making of an English ‘Underclass’? The Social Divisions of Welfare and Labour, Bucks: Open University Press.
Manning, J. (2018) ‘Newcastle is “most entrepreneurial city in the UK”, new report says’, Chronicle Live, [online] 15 May, Available from: https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/business/business-news/newcastle-most-entrepreneurial-city-uk-14661349
Marcuse, P. (2009a) ‘From justice planning to commons planning’, in P. Marcuse, J. Connolly and J. Novy (eds) Searching for the Just City: Debates in Urban Theory and Practice, Oxon: Routledge, pp 91–102.
Marcuse, P. (2009b) ‘Post-script: Beyond the just city to the right to the city’, in P. Marcuse, J. Connolly and J. Novy (eds) Searching for the Just City: Debates in Urban Theory and Practice, Oxon: Routledge, pp 240–254.
Martel, P. and Sutherland, C. (2018) ‘Durban’s back of port project: A local spatial knowledge production process framed by urban entrepreneurialism’, Urban Forum, 29: 397–412.
Martin-Iverson, S. (2021) ‘The value of the underground: Punk, politics, and creative urbanism in Bandung, Indonesia’, Cultural Studies, 35(1): 110–135.
Marvell, A. (2006) ‘Tourism: The world’s biggest single industry’, The Independent, [online] 21 September, Available from: https://www.independent.co.uk/student/magazines/tourism-the-world-s-biggest-single-industry-5330650.html
Marx, K. (1977) Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (Volume 1): Part 1, The Process of Capitalist Production, Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Marx, K. and Engels, F. (1981) The Communist Manifesto, Penguin: Harmondsworth.
Massey, D. (1991) ‘Flexible sexism’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 9: 31–57.
Masud, F. (2019) ‘The growing importance of the night-time economy’, BBC News, [online] 17 November, Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-49348792
May, T. (2017) ‘A creative’s guide to Gothenburg & West Sweden: Compact and walkable creativity to inspire’, Creative Boom, [online] 1 November, Available from: https://www.creativeboom.com/features/the-creatives-guide-to-gothenburg-west-sweden/
Mayer, M. (2006) ‘Manuel Castells’ The City and the Grassroots’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 30(1): 202–206.
Mayer, M. (2013) ‘First world urban activism’, City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 17(1): 5–19.
McCabe, S. (2005) ‘Who is a tourist? A critical review’, Tourist Studies, 5(1): 85–106.
McCarthy, N. (2016) ‘The world’s most creative cities’, Forbes, [online] 3 November, Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2016/11/03/the-worlds-most-creative-cities-infographic/?sh=2a76ad1f4dc1
McCorry, F. (2021) ‘UK nightclubs need financial help – and respect for their cultural importance’, The Guardian, [online] 23 March, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/mar/23/uk-nightclubs-need-financial-help-and-respect-for-their-cultural-importance
McCulloch, K., Stewart, A. and Lovegreen, N. (2006) ‘“We just hang out together”: Youth cultures and social class’, Journal of Youth Studies, 9(5): 539–556.
McDonough, T. (ed) (2010) The Situationists and the City: A Reader, London: Verso.
McGlinn, M. (2018) ‘Translating neoliberalism: The European social fund and the governing of unemployment and social exclusion in Malmö, Sweden’, PhD Thesis, Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society, [online], Available from: https://mau.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1404314/FULLTEXT01.pdf
McGuigan, J. (2009) ‘Doing a Florida thing: The creative class and cultural policy’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 15(3): 291–300.
McGuigan, J. (2016) Neoliberal Culture, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
McIntyre, H. (2015) ‘America’s 10 biggest nightclubs earned over $550 million in revenue last year’, Forbes, [online] 26 May, Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2015/05/26/americas-10-biggest-nightclubs-earned-over-550-million-in-revenue-last-year/?sh=5cf771264514
McLean, H. (2014a) ‘Digging into the creative city: A feminist critique’, Antipode, 46(3): 669–690.
McLean, H. (2014b) ‘Cracks in the creative city: The contradictions of community arts practice’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(6): 2156–2173.
McLeod, G. (2002) ‘From urban entrepreneurialism to a “revanchist city”? On the spatial injustices of Glasgow’s renaissance’, Antipode, 34: 602–624.
McRobbie, A. (2016) Be Creative: Making a Living in the New Culture Industries, Cambridge: Polity.
Measham, F. (2004) ‘Play space: Historical and socio-cultural reflections on drugs, licensed leisure locations, commercialisation and control’, International Journal of Drug Policy, 15(5–6): 337–345.
Menasce Horowitz, J., Igielnik, R. and Kochhar, R. (2020) ‘Trends in income and wealth inequality’, Pew Research Centre, [online] 9 January, Available from: https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/01/09/trends-in-income-and-wealth-inequality/
Michael-Ryan, J. (2020) ‘The blessings of COVID-19 for neoliberalism, nationalism, and neoconservative ideologies’, in J. Michael Ryan (ed) COVID-19: Global Pandemic, Societal Responses, Ideological Solutions, London: Routledge, pp 1–8.
Milburn, K. and Russell, B. (2018) ‘What can an institution do? Towards public-common partnerships and a new common-sense’, Renewal, 26(4): 45–55.
Miles, M. (2013) ‘A post-creative city?’ RCCS Annual Review, 5 [online], Available from: http://journals.openedition.org/rccsar/506
Miles, M. (2015) Limits to Culture: Urban Regeneration vs Dissident Art, London: Pluto Press.
Miles, S. and Miles, M. (2004) The Consuming City, Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government (2019) ‘English indices of deprivation’, GOV.UK, [online] 26 September, Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2019
Mitchell, D. (2003) The Right to the City: Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space, New York: Guilford Press.
Montreal Infringement Festival (2016) ‘Montreal Infringement Festival’, [online], Available from: http://infringemontreal.org/archived-pages/2016-festival/montreal-infringement-festival-2016/
Morgan, G. and Ren, X. (2012) ‘The creative underclass: Culture, subculture, and urban renewal’, Journal of Urban Affairs, 34(2): 127–130.
Morris, K. (2017) ‘Edmonton tourism numbers up 3.5% over 2016’, Global News, [online] 20 December, Available from: https://globalnews.ca/news/3928048/edmonton-tourism-numbers-up-3-5-over-2016/#:~:text=Edmonton%20saw%203.3%20million%20overnight,hit%203.5%20million%20by%202020.&text=Perhaps%20the%20most%20surprising%20numbers,in%20visitors%20coming%20from%20overseas
Morris, L. (1994) Dangerous Classes, London: Routledge.
Morrison, J. (2019) Scroungers: Moral Panics and Media Myths, London: Zed Books.
Mosedale, J. (ed) (2021) Neoliberalism and the Political Economy of Tourism, London: Routledge.
Moseley, F. (1991) The Falling Rate of Profit in the Postwar United States Economy, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mould, O. (2015) Urban Subversion and the Creative City, London: Routledge.
Mould, O. (2018) Against Creativity, London: Verso.
Mulgan, G. (2015) The Locust and the Bee: Predators and Creators in Capitalism’s Future (updated edn), Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Müller, A.-L. (2019) ‘Voices in the city: On the role of arts, artists and urban space for a just city’, Cities, 91: 49–57.
Murray, C. (1984) Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980, New York: Basic Books.
Murray, C. (1990) The Emerging British Underclass, London: IEA.
Murray, C. (1994) Underclass: The Crisis Deepens, London: IEA.
Murray, M.J. (2004) ‘The spatial dynamics of postmodern urbanism: Social polarisation and fragmentation in São Paulo and Johannesburg’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 22(2): 139–164.
Music Declares Emergency (nd) ‘Mission’, [online], Available from: https://musicdeclares.shop/music-declares-emergency/
Myers, J. (2021) ‘These charts show the growing income inequality between the world’s richest and poorest’, World Economic Forum, [online] 10 December, Available from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/12/global-income-inequality-gap-report-rich-poor/
Nathan, M., Kemeny, T., Pratt, A. and Spencer, G. (2016) Creative Economy Employment in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom: A Comparative Analysis, London: Nesta.
Navarro, V. (2007) ‘Neoliberalism as a class ideology: Or, the political causes of the growth of inequalities’, International Journal of Health Services, 37(1): 47–62.
Nayak, A. (2006) ‘Displaced masculinities: Chavs, youth and class in the post-industrial city’, Sociology, 40(5): 813–831.
Newcastle City Council (nda) ‘Build forward better: Our medium-term plan for 2021–22 and 2022–23’, [online], Available from: https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Build%20Forward%20Better%20-%20our%20medium-term%20plan%20for%202021-22%20and%202022-23_1.pdf
Newcastle City Council (ndb) ‘Build forward better: Our medium-term plan for 2021–22 and 2022–23: Appendix 1 – Revenue and capital plan 2021–22’, [online], Available from: https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Appendix%201%20-%20Revenue%20and%20capital%20plan%202021-22_1.pdf
Newman, J. (2014) ‘Landscapes of antagonism: Local governance, neoliberalism and austerity’, Urban Studies, 51(15): 3290–3305.
Nijman, J. and Wei, Y.D. (2020) ‘Urban inequalities in the 21st century economy’, Applied Geography, 117: 1–8.
NiON (2010) ‘Not in our name! Jamming the gentrification machine: A manifesto’, City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 14(3): 323–325.
Nkula-Wenz, L. (2019) ‘Worlding Cape Town by design: Encounters with creative cityness’, Economy and Space, 51(3): 581–597.
Nofre, J. (2020) ‘Because the night belongs to us’, Emulations – Revue de Sciences Sociales, 33: 129–138.
Nofre, J. (2021) ‘Nightlife as a source of social wellbeing, community-building and psychological mutual support after the Covid-19 pandemic’, Annals of Leisure Research, [online], Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11745398.2021.1964991
Nofre, J. and Martins, J.C. (2017) ‘The Disneyfication of the neoliberal urban night’, in P. Guerra and T. Moreira (eds) Keep it Simple Make it Fast! An Approach to Underground Music Scenes, Porto: University of Porto Press, vol 3, pp 113–124.
Nofre, J. and Eldridge, A. (2018) Exploring Nightlife: Space, Society and Governance, London: Rowman & Littlefield.
Norman, A. (2021) ‘The UK’s sub-regional inequality challenge’, Centre for Progressive Policy, [online] 12 January, Available from: https://www.progressive-policy.net/publications/the-uks-sub-regional-inequality-challenge#:~:text=Of%20the%20290%20OECD%20regions,across%20the%20290%20OECD%20regions
North, P. and Nurse, A. (2014) ‘Beyond entrepreneurial cities: Towards a post-capitalist grassroots urban politics of climate change and resource constraint’, Metropoles, 15: 1–20.
Novy, J. (2018) ‘The selling (out) of Berlin and the de- and re-politicization of urban tourism in Europe’s “capital of cool”’, in C. Colomb and J. Novy, Protest and Resistance in the Tourist City, London: Routledge, pp 52–72.
Novy, J. and Colomb, C. (2013) ‘Struggling for the right to the (creative) city in Berlin and Hamburg: New urban social movements, new “spaces of hope”?’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(5): 1816–1838.
Novy, J. and Colomb, C. (2018) ‘Urban tourism and its discontents: An introduction’, in C. Colomb and J. Novy, Protest and Resistance in the Tourist City, London: Routledge, pp 1–29.
Novy, J. and Colomb, C. (2019) ‘Urban tourism as a source of contention and social mobilisations: A critical review’, Tourism Planning & Development, 16(4): 358–375.
Oakley, K. (2009) ‘From bohemia to britart: Art students over 50 years’, Cultural Trends, 18(4): 281–294.
Oakley, K. and O’Connor, J. (eds) (2015) The Routledge Companion to the Cultural Industries, London: Routledge.
Oakley, K. and Ward, J (2018) ‘The art of the good life: Culture and sustainable prosperity’, Cultural Trends, 27(1): 4–17.
Oakley, K. and Banks, M. (2020) ‘Cultural industries and environmental crisis: An introduction’, in K. Oakley and M. Banks (eds) Cultural Industries and the Environmental Crisis: New Approaches for Policy, Cham: Springer, pp 1–10.
O’Brien, D. (2020) ‘Class and the problem of inequality in theatre’, Studies in Theatre and Performance, 40(3): 242–250.
O’Brien, P. and Pike, A. (2019) ‘“Deal or no deal?”: Governing urban infrastructure funding and financing in the UK city deals’, Urban Studies, 56(7): 1448–1476.
O’Connor, J. (2020) ‘Art and culture after Covid-19’, Wake in Fright: Fearful and Hopeful Things, [blog] 9 April, Available from: https://wakeinalarm.blog/2020/04/09/art-and-culture-after-covid-19/
O’Connor, J. (2022) ‘Art, culture and the foundational economy’, Working Paper Reset No 2, Creative People, Products and Places, University of South Australia, [online], Available from: https://resetartsandculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/CP3-Working-Paper-Art-Culture-and-the-Foundational-Economy-2022.pdf
O’Connor, J. and Shaw, K. (2014) ‘What next for the creative city?’, City Culture and Society, 5: 165–170.
O’Connor, J. and Gu, X. (2020) Red Creative: Culture and Modernity in China, Bristol: Intellect.
O’Connor, J., Gu, X. and Lim, M.K. (2020) ‘Creative cities, creative classes and the global modern’, City, Culture and Society, 21: 100344.
Office for National Statistics (2021) ‘Household income inequality, UK: Financial year ending 2020’, Census 2021, [online] 21 January, Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/personalandhouseholdfinances/incomeandwealth/bulletins/householdincomeinequalityfinancial/financialyearending2020
Office for National Statistics (2022) ‘Distribution of individual total wealth by characteristic in Great Britain: April 2018 to March 2020’, Census 2021, [online] 7 January, Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/personalandhouseholdfinances/incomeandwealth/bulletins/distributionofindividualtotalwealthbycharacteristicingreatbritain/april2018tomarch2020
Oliver, H. (2021) ‘The 49 coolest neighbourhoods in the world’ Time Out, [online], Available from: https://www.timeout.com/coolest-neighbourhoods-in-the-world
Oloukoï, C. (2018) ‘Precarious gentrification: Dreading the night while “taking back the city” in Johannesburg’, in J. Nofre and A. Eldridge (eds) Exploring Nightlife: Space, Society and Governance, London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp 19–34.
O’Sullivan, F. (2019) ‘Berlin builds an arsenal of ideas to stage a housing revolution’, Citylab, [online] 21 February, Available from: https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/02/berlin-germany-housing-rent-how-much-price-landlord-policies/582898/
Owens, L. (2008) ‘From tourists to anti-tourists to tourist attractions: The transformation of the Amsterdam squatters’ movement’, Social Movement Studies, 7(1): 43 –59.
Owyang, M. and Shell, H. (2016) ‘Measuring trends in income inequality’, Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, [online] 30 March, Available from: https://www.stlouisfed.org/publications/regional-economist/april-2016/measuring-trends-in-income-inequality#authorbox
Paige, M. (2014) ‘Alternative Berlin walking tour & the killer doner kebab’, Escape: The Overseas Escape, [blog] 8 July, Available from: http://theoverseasescape.com/alternative-berlin-walking-tour-the-killer-doner-kebab/
Palmer, B. (2000) Cultures of Darkness: Night Travels in the Histories of Transgression, New York: Monthly Review Press.
Papadopolous, A. (2019) ‘The world’s best nightlife destinations for 2019’, CEOWORLD Magazine, [online] 13 June, Available from: https://ceoworld.biz/2019/06/13/the-worlds-best-nightlife-destinations-for-2019/
Park, R. (2013) ‘Human ecology’, in J. Lin and C. Mele (eds) The Urban Sociology Reader (2nd edn), London: Routledge, pp 83–90.
Parker, B. (2008) ‘Beyond the class act: Gender and race in the “creative city” discourse’, in J.N. Desena (ed) Gender in an Urban World, Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing, pp 201–232.
Parnell, S. and Robinson, J. (2012) ‘(Re)theorizing cities from the global south: Looking beyond neoliberalism’, Urban Geography, 33(4): 593–617.
Pattaroni L. (2014) ‘The fallow lands of the possible: An inquiry into the enacted critic of capitalism in Geneva’s squats’ in C. Cattaneo, M. Martinez and Squatting Europe Kollective (eds) The Squatters’ Movement in Europe: Everyday Commons and Autonomy as Alternatives to Capitalism, London: Pluto, pp 60–80.
Pattaroni L. (ed) (2020) The Domesticated Counterculture: Art, Space and Politics in the ‘Gentrified’ City,Geneva: Metispresse.
Patti, D. and Polyák, L. (eds) (2017) Funding the Cooperative City: Community Finance and the Economy of Civic Spaces, Vienna: Cooperative City Books.
Pearlman, J. (2011) Favela: Four Decades of Living on the Edge in Rio de Janeiro, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Peck, J. (2005) ‘Struggling with the creative class’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 29(4): 740–770.
Peck, J. (2011) ‘Recreative city: Amsterdam, vehicular ideas and the adaptive spaces of creative policy’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 36(3): 462–485.
Peck, J. (2012) ‘Austerity urbanism’, City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 16(6): 626–655.
Peck, J. (2014) ‘Entrepreneurial urbanism: Between uncommon sense and dull compulsion’, Geografska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 96(4): 396–401.
Peck, J. and Tickell, A. (2002) ‘Neoliberalizing space’, in N. Brenner and N. Theodore (eds) Spaces of Neo-liberalism: Urban Restructuring in North America and Western Europe, Oxford: Blackwell, pp 33–57.
Peck, J. and Theodore, N. (2019) ‘Still neoliberalism?’, The South Atlantic Quarterly, 118(2): 245–265.
Peck, J., Brenner, N. and Theodore, N. (2018) ‘Actually existing neoliberalism’, in D. Cahill, M. Cooper, M. Konings and D. Primrose (eds) The SAGE Handbook of Neoliberalism, London: SAGE, pp 3–15.
Perry, G. (2014) Playing to the Gallery: Helping Contemporary Art in its Struggle to Be Understood, London: Particular Books.
Petrovics, N. and Seijas, A. (2021) ‘Chapter 5: Nighttime governance in times of covid-19’, Global Night-time Recovery Plan, Vibelab, [online], Available from: https://www.mcgill.ca/centre-montreal/files/centre-montreal/ch5_nighttime_governance_gnrp.pdf
Phelps, N. and Miao, J. (2019) ‘Varieties of urban entrepreneurialism’, Dialogues in Human Geography, 5(2): 183–200.
Picaud, M. (2019) ‘Putting Paris and Berlin on show: Nightlife in the struggles to define cities’ international position’ in G. Stahl and G. Bottà (eds) Nocturnes: Popular Music and the Night, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 35–48.
Pike, A., O’Brien, P., Strickland, T., Thrower, G. and Tomaney, J. (2019) Financialising City Statecraft and Infrastructure, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Piketty, T. and Saez, E. (2003) ‘Income inequality in the United States, 1913–1998’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1): 1–39.
Pile, S. (1998) ‘What is a city?’, in D. Massey, J. Allen and S. Pile (eds) City Worlds, New York: Routledge, pp 3–50.
Pinson, G. and Morel Journel, C. (2016) ‘The neoliberal city: Theory, evidence, debate’, Territory, Politics, Governance, 4(2): 137–153.
Piramal Raje, A. (2015) ‘Why and how cities succeed’, Mint, [online] 14 January, Available from: https://www.livemint.com/Politics/3SuJPrCazdqMrCPZPmBGqN/Why-and-how-cities-succeed.html
Pixová, M. (2012) ‘Struggle for right to the city: Alternative spaces in post-socialist Prague’, PhD thesis, Charles University, Prague, [online], Available from: http://mikatchou.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/dz-pixovc3a1-alternative-spaces-in-prague.pdf
Pixová, M. and Sládek, J. (2018) ‘Touristification and awakening civil society in post-socialist Prague’, in C. Colomb and J. Novy (eds), Protest and Resistance in the Tourist City, London: Routledge, pp 73–89.
Prada-Trigo, J. (2017) ‘The transition to entrepreneurial governance in a middle-sized Ecuadorian city’, Latin American Perspectives, 44(6): 124–139.
Pratt, A. (2011) ‘The cultural contradictions of the creative city’, City, Culture and Society, 2: 123–130.
Pratt, A. (2018) ‘Gentrification, artists and the cultural economy’, in L. Lees and M. Philips (eds) Handbook of Gentrification Studies, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp 346–362.
Pratt, A. and Jeffcut, P. (2009) Creativity, Innovation and the Cultural Economy, Hoboken: Taylor & Francis.
Pritchard, S. (2018) ‘Place guarding: Activist art against gentrification’, in C. Courage and A. McKeown (eds) Creative Placemaking: Research, Theory and Practice, London: Routledge, pp 140–155.
Proctor, K. (2014) ‘From party city to trendy toon: How Newcastle went upmarket’, Chronicle Live, [online] 13 December, Available from: https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/party-city-trendy-toon---8280468
Pruijt, H. (2004) ‘Squatters in the creative city: Rejoinder to Justus Uitermark’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28(3): 699–705.
Purcell, M. and Brown, J.C. (2005) ‘Against the local trap: Scale and the study of environment and development’, Progress in Development Studies, 5(4): 279–297.
Quaglieri Domínguez, A. and Scarnato, A. (2017) ‘The Barrio Chino as last frontier: The penetration of everyday tourism in the dodgy heart of the Raval’, in M. Gravari-Barbas and S. Guinand (eds) Tourism and Gentrification in Contemporary Metropolises, London: Routledge, pp 107–133.
Quinn, B. (2010) ‘Arts festivals, urban tourism and cultural policy’, Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 2(3): 264–279.
Raco, M. and Tunny, E. (2010) ‘Visibilities and invisibilities in urban development: Small business communities and the London Olympics 2012’, Urban Studies, 47(10): 2069–2091.
Ramos, R. (2009) ‘The new guard: How Latin America’s creative class can help the region’, Culture & Religion, 1, [online] 13 June, Available from: https://bigthink.com/culture-religion/the-new-guard-how-latin-americas-creative-class-can-help-the-region/
Richards, G. (1996) ‘Cultural tourism in Europe’, CAB International, [online], Available from: http://www.atlas-euro.org/pages/pdf/cultural%20tourism%20in%20europe.PDF
Richards, G. and Paolo Russo, A. (2014) ‘Alternative and creative tourism’, Association for Tourism and Leisure Education, [online] September, Available from: https://www.academia.edu/8263324/Alternative_and_Creative_Tourism
Rietz-Rakul, E. and Schepens, S. (2010) Berlin Contemporary Art, Berlin: Grebennikov Explorise.
Ro, C. (2022) ‘How to make movies without a huge carbon footprint’, BBC News, [online] 17 August, Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-62051070
Roberts, M. and Eldridge, A. (2009) Planning the Night-time City, London: Routledge.
Robinson, F. (1988) Post-industrial Tyneside: An Economic and Social Survey of Tyneside in the 1980’s, Newcastle: Newcastle Libraries & Information Service.
Robinson, F. (1994) ‘Something old, something new? The Great North in the 1990s’, in P. Garrahan and P. Stewart (eds) Urban Change and Renewal: The Paradox of Place, Aldershot: Avebury, pp 9–20.
Robinson, F. and Gregson, N. (1992) ‘The “underclass”: A class apart?’, Critical Social Policy, 12(34): 38–51.
Robinson, R., Martins, A., Solnet, D. and Baum, T. (2019) ‘Sustaining precarity: Critically examining tourism and employment’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(7): 1008–1025.
Rodríguez, J.P. (2021) ‘The politics of neoliberalism in Latin America: Dynamics of resilience and contestation’, Sociology Compass, 15: 1–13.
Romeiro, P. (2017) ‘“Manobras no Porto” project (Porto): What can creative activism do for policies and urban place(-making) and the other way around’, City, Culture and Society, 8: 27–34.
Rossen, I. (2017) ‘Olympic gentrification? Hackney Wick, London: from petrol refining to showcasing arts’, The Urban Transcripts Journal, 1(1), [online] March, Available from: https://journal.urbantranscripts.org/article/from-petrol-refining-to-showcasing-arts-olympic-gentrification-researching-urban-transition-in-hackney-wick-london-isabella-rossen/
Rossiaud, J. (2004) ‘Le mouvement squat à Genève. Luttes urbaines, expériences communautaires, affirmation locale d’une contre-culture globale’, Equinoxe, 24: 96–113.
Russell, B. (2019) ‘Beyond the local trap: New municipalism and the rise of the fearless cities’, Antipode, 51(3): 989–1010.
Russo, A.P. and Scarnato, A. (2018) ‘“Barcelona in common”: A new urban regime for the 21st-century tourist city?’, Journal of Urban Affairs, 40(4): 455–474.
Ryan, L. (2018) ‘Ruskin the radical: Why the Victorian thinker is back with a vengeance’, The Guardian, [online] 30 August, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2018/aug/30/john-ruskin-artists-victorian-social-critic
Sachs Olsen, C. (2019) Socially Engaged Art and the Neoliberal City, London: Routledge.
Salas, E.B. (2022) ‘Number of flights performed by the global airline industry from 2004 to 2022’, Statista, [online] 12 April, Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/564769/airline-industry-number-of-flights/
Salazar, J.F. (2015) ‘Buen vivir: South America’s rethinking of the future we want’, The Conversation, [online] 24 July, Available from: https://theconversation.com/buen-vivir-south-americas-rethinking-of-the-future-we-want-44507
Salerno, G.-M. (2022) ‘Touristification and displacement: The long-standing production of Venice as a tourist attraction’, City: Analysis of Urban Change, Theory, Action, 26(2–3): 519–541.
Saltmarsh, D. (2011) ‘In Geneva, counterculture pushes back’, New York Times, [online] 22 February, Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/23/arts/23iht-swissart23.html
Sanchez Belando, M.V. (2017) ‘Building alternatives to the creative turn in Barcelona: The case of the socio-cultural centre Can Batllo’, City, Culture and Society, 8: 35–42.
Sandoval, M. (2016) ‘Fighting precarity with co-operation? Worker co-operatives in the cultural sector’, New Formations, 88: 51–68.
Sassen, S. (1991) Global City: New York, London and Tokyo (2nd edn), Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Saunders, P. (1981) Social Theory and the Urban Question, London: Routledge.
Sayer, A. (2015) Why We Can’t Afford the Rich, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Scherer, J. and Davidson, J. (2011) ‘Promoting the “arriviste” city: Producing neoliberal urban identity and communities of consumption during the Edmonton Oiler’s 2006 playoff campaign’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 46: 157–180.
Schönwälder, G. (2002) Linking Civil Society and the State: Urban Popular Movements, the Left, and Local Government in Peru, 1980–1992, University Park: Penn State University Press.
Schouten, P. (2008) ‘Theory talk #20: David Harvey on the geography of capitalism, understanding cities as polities and shifting imperialisms’, Theory Talks, [online] 9 October, Available from: http://www.theorytalks.org/2008/10/theory-talk-20-david-harvey.html
Scott, A. (2000) The Cultural Economy of Cities, London: SAGE.
Scott, A. (2008) Social Economy of the Metropolis, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Scott, A. (2014) ‘Beyond the creative city: Cognitive-cultural capitalism and the new urbanism’, Regional Studies, 48(4): 565–578.
Screti, F. (2022) ‘Populism in mediated anti-tourism discourse: A critical analysis of the documentary tourist go home!’, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 20(5): 617–632.
Seah, C. (2020) ‘The gentrification conflict: Death by cappuccino’, [blog] 14 March, Available from: https://christelseah.medium.com/the-gentrification-conflict-death-by-cappuccino-4c7e93428478
Segovia, C. and Hervé, J. (2022) ‘The creative city approach: Origins, construction and prospects in a scenario of transition’, City, Territory and Architecture, 9(29), [online], Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-022-00178-x
Seminario, M. (2020) ‘The creative economy in Latin America’, Center for Strategical & International Studies, [online] 15 September, Available from: https://www.csis.org/analysis/creative-economy-latin-america
Senate Department for Economics Energy and Public Enterprises (2018) ‘Sustainable and city-compatible Berlin tourism plan 2018+’, [online] July, Available from: https://about.visitberlin.de/sites/default/files/2018-07/Berlin%20Tourism%20Plan%202018%2B_summary_EN.pdf
Sequera, J. and Nofre, J. (2018) ‘Shaken, not stirred: New debates on touristification and the limits of gentrification’, City: Analysis of Urban Change, Theory, Action, 22(5–6): 843–855.
Serafini, P. (2020) ‘Cultural production beyond extraction? A first approach to extractivism and the cultural and creative industries in Argentina’, in K. Oakley and M. Banks (eds) Cultural Industries and the Environmental Crisis: New Approaches for Policy, Cham: Springer, pp 51–63.
Serafini, P. and Banks, M. (2020) ‘Living precarious lives? Time and temporality in visual arts careers’, Culture Unbound, 12(2): 351–372.
Serafini, P., Holtaway, J. and Cossu, A. (eds) (2018) artWORK: Art, Labour and Activism, London: Rowman & Littlefield.
Seymour, A. (2019) ‘Data crunch: UK’s four largest pub groups hold 25.5% of the market’, Food Service Equipment Journal, [online] 24 October, Available from: https://www.foodserviceequipmentjournal.com/data-crunch-uks-four-largest-pub-groups-hold-25-5-of-the-market/
Shaw, K. (2005) ‘The place of alternative culture and the politics of its protection in Berlin, Amsterdam and Melbourne’, Planning Theory & Practice, 6(2): 149–169.
Shaw, K. (2013) ‘Independent creative subcultures and why they matter’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 19(3): 333–352.
Shaw, K. (2014) ‘Melbourne’s creative spaces program: Reclaiming the “creative city” (if not quite the rest of it)’, City, Culture and Society, 5: 139–147.
Shaw, R. (2010) ‘Neoliberal subjectivities and the development of the night-time economy in British cities’, Geography Compass, 4(7): 893–903.
Shaw, R. (2015) ‘“Alive after five”: Constructing the neoliberal night in Newcastle upon Tyne’, Urban Studies, 52(3): 456–470.
Shaw, R. (2018) The Nocturnal City, London: Routledge.
Sheller, M. (2018) Mobility Justice: The Politics of Movement in an Age of Extremes, London: Verso.
Shenk, T. (2015) ‘Booked #3: What exactly is neoliberalism?’, Dissent, [online] 2 April, Available from: https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-3-what-exactly-is-neoliberalism-wendy-brown-undoing-the-demos
Shi, Q. and Dorling, D. (2020) ‘Growing socio-spatial inequality in neo-liberal times? Comparing Beijing and London’, Applied Geography, 115: 1–13.
Shildrick, T. (2018) Poverty Propaganda: Exploring the Myths, Bristol: Policy Press.
Shildrick, T. and MacDonald, R. (2013) ‘Poverty talk: How people experiencing poverty deny their poverty and why they blame “the poor”’, Sociological Review, 61(2): 285–303.
Shin, H. (2020) ‘From foreign community to creative town? Creativity and contestation in Itaewon, Seoul’, in X. Gu, M.K. Lim and J. O’Connor (eds) Re-imagining Creative Cities in 21st Century Asia, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 95–111.
Shin, H.B. (2015) ‘Economic transition and speculative urbanisation in China: Gentrification versus dispossession’, Urban Studies, 53(3): 471–489.
Shin, H.B. (2016) ‘Envisioned by the state: Entrepreneurial urbanism and the making of Songdo City, South Korea’, LSE Research Online, [online] June, Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/42486722.pdf
Sholette, G. (2011) Dark Matter: Art and Politics in the Age of Enterprise Culture, London: Pluto.
Slater, T. (2021) Shaking Up the City: Ignorance, Inequality and the Urban Question, Oakland: University of California Press.
Smit, W. (2021) ‘Urbanization in the Global South’, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Global Public Health, [online] 26 April, Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190632366.013.251
Smith, N. (1984) Uneven Developments, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Smith, N. (2002) ‘New globalism, new urbanism: Gentrification as global urban strategy’, Antipode, 34(3): 427–450.
Smith, N. (2008) ‘Neoliberalism is dead, dominant, defeatable – then what?’, Human Geography, 1(2): 1–3.
Solnit, R. (2016) ‘“Hope is an embrace of the unknown”: Rebecca Solnit on living in dark times’, The Guardian, [online] 15 July, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/jul/15/rebecca-solnit-hope-in-the-dark-new-essay-embrace-unknown
Song, Y., Stead, D. and de Jong, M. (2020) ‘New town development and sustainable transition under urban entrepreneurialism in China’, Sustainability, 12(12): 5179, [online], Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/12/5179/htm
Springer, S., Birch, K. and MacLeavy, J. (2016) ‘An introduction to neoliberalism’, in S. Springer, K. Birch and J. MacLeavy (eds) The Handbook of Neoliberalism, London: Routledge, pp 1–14.
Stahl, R.M. (2022) ‘Neoliberalism with Scandinavian characteristics: The slow formation of neoliberal common sense in Denmark’, Capital & Class, 46(1): 95–114.
Standing, G. (2011) The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class, London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Startupgeeks (2022) ‘Most creative UK towns and cities 2022 – our comprehensive ranking of 118 locations’, Startupgeeks, [online] 21 January, Available from: https://www.creative.onl/startupsgeek/creative-cities/#summary
Steadman-Jones, G. (1969) ‘The meaning of the student revolt’, in A. Cockburn and R. Blackburn (eds) Student Power: Problems, Diagnosis, Action, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, pp 25–58.
Steglich, U. (2016) ‘Open country for a time’, in U. Brezborn and S. Weismann (eds) KuLe: Art and Life. A House in Berlin Since 1990, Berlin: Revolver Publishing, pp 31–36.
St John, G. (2000) ‘Alternative cultural heterotopia: ConFest as Australia’s marginal centre’, PhD thesis, La Trobe University, Australia, [online], Available from: https://www.academia.edu/2078666/Alternative_Cultural_Heterotopia_ConFest_as_Australia_s_Marginal_Centre
Storper, M. (2016) ‘The neo-liberal city as idea and reality’, Territory, Politics, Governance, 4(2): 241–263.
Straw, W. (2018) ‘Afterword: Night mayors, policy mobilities and the question of night’s end’, in J. Nofre and A. Eldridge (eds) Exploring Nightlife: Space, Society and Governance, London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp 225–232.
Stren, R. and Polese, M. (2000) ‘Understanding the new sociocultural dynamics of cities: Comparative urban policy in a global context’, in M. Polese and R. Stren (eds) The Social Sustainability of Cities: Diversity and the Management of Change, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp 3–38.
Su, X. (2015) ‘Urban entrepreneurialism and the commodification of heritage in China’, Urban Studies, 52(15): 2874–2889.
Sussman, A.L. (2017) ‘Richard Florida on why the most creative cities are the most “unequal”’, Artsy, [online] 9 May, Available from: https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-creative-cities-unequal
Talbot, D. (2011) ‘The juridification of nightlife and alternative culture: Two UK case studies’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 17(1): 81–93.
Tamari, T. (2017) ‘Nation branding and the creative city, Tokyo’, [online], Available from: https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/22388/1/Nation%20Branding%20and%20the%20Creative%20City[25SEP2016FINAL-%20First%20Draft]%20(1).pdf
Taylor, M. (2006) ‘Welcome to Newcastle, the UK’s capital of the arts’, The Guardian, [online], 30 December, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/dec/30/arts.artsnews
Thomasson, S. (2019) ‘“Too big for its boots”? Precarity on the Adelaide Fringe’, Contemporary Theatre Review, 29(1): 39–55.
Thompson, M. (2020) ‘What’s so new about the new municipalism?’, Progress in Human Geography, 36(1): 25–43.
Thompson, M., Nowak, V., Southern, A., Davies, J. and Furmedge, P. (2020) ‘Re-grounding the city with Polanyi: From urban entrepreneurialism to entrepreneurial municipalism’, Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 52(6): 1171–1194.
Threadgold, S. (2017) Youth, Class and Everyday Struggles, London: Routledge.
Thurnell-Read, T. (2011) ‘Off the leash and out of control: Masculinities and embodiment in Eastern European stag tourism’, Sociology, 45(6): 977–991.
Tickner, L. (2008) Hornsey 1968: The Art School Revolution, London: Frances Lincoln.
Tilly, C. (2004) Social Movements, 1768–2004, Boulder: Paradigm Publishers.
Times Travel (2022) ‘Glasgow: art for heart’s sake’, The Times, [online], Available from: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/travel/glasgow-galleries-public-street-art-tours-visit-scotland/?fbclid=IwAR1jK5qysDmrIcggGGqpLSz8iVPswRM0Hqv3PL3VCHtju8K2PsGkH8ydUfA
Toro, P.A. (2007) ‘Toward an international understanding of homelessness’, Journal of Social Issues, 63(3): 461–481.
Toronto Creative City (nd) ‘Toronto UNESCO creative city of media arts’, [online], Available from: http://www.torontocreativecity.ca/about/
Toronto Star (2020) ‘What are the most pressing problems facing Toronto? Here’s what the city’s leaders had to say’, Toronto Star, [online] 14 February, Available from: https://www.thestar.com/business/2020/01/30/what-are-the-most-pressing-problems-facing-toronto-heres-what-the-citys-leaders-had-to-say.html
Touraine, A. (1971) The May Movement: Revolt and Reform, New York: Random House.
Tourism Department Manager’s Office for Enterprise and Tourism (2017) ‘Barcelona tourism for 2020: A collective strategy for sustainable tourism’, Ajuntament de Barcelona, [online] March, Available at: https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/turisme/sites/default/files/barcelona_tourism_for_2020_0.pdf
Townshend, T. (2022) Healthy Cities? Design for Well-being, London: Lund Humphries.
Tozzi, L. (2016) ‘Emanuele Braga of Macao’, Zero, [online] 15 April, Available from: https://zero-eu.translate.goog/it/persone/macao-intervista-a-emanuele-braga/?_x_tr_sl=it&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc
Trans Europe Halles (nd) ‘About us’, Trans Europe Halles, [online], Available at: https://teh.net/about-us/
Trondi, N. (2019) ‘Why Bogotá, Colombia, Is Latin America’s rising creative hotspot’, MUSE by Clio, [online] 10 September, Available from: https://musebycl.io/creative-cities/why-bogota-colombia-latin-americas-rising-creative-hotspot
Trust for London and WPI Economics (2022) ‘London’s poverty profile 2020’, Trust for London, [online], Available from: https://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/publications/lpp2020/#:~:text=In%2Dwork%20poverty%20is%20rising,from%2062%25%20a%20decade%20ago
Twizell, A. (2020) ‘History, heritage and creativity of the town: Two new art installations in Middlesbrough’, TeessideLive, [online] 16 December, Available from: https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/whats-on/arts-culture-news/arts-culture-middlesbrough-partnership-installations-19461755
Tyler, I. (2006) ‘Chav scum: The filthy politics of social class in contemporary Britain’, M/C Journal, 9(5), [online], Available from: https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2671
Uitermark, J. (2004) ‘The co-optation of squatters in Amsterdam and the emergence of a movement meritocracy: A critical reply to Pruijt’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28(3): 687–698.
Uitermark, J. (2011) ‘An actually existing just city? The fight for the right to the city in Amsterdam’, in N. Brenner, P. Marcuse and M. Mayer (eds) Cities for People, Not for Profit: Critical Urban Theory and the Right to the City, London: Routledge, pp 197–214.
UNESCO Creative Cities Network (nda) ‘Cape Town’, [online], Available from: https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/cape-town
UNESCO Creative Cities Network (ndb) ‘Daker’, [online], Available from: https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/dakar
UNESCO Creative Cities Network (ndc) ‘Mexico City’, [online], Available from: https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/mexico-city
United Nations (nd) ‘Inequality – bridging the divide’, [online], Available from: https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2020/02/un75_inequality.pdf
United Nations (2010) ‘Creative economy report 2010’, [online], Available from: http://unctad.org/es/Docs/ditctab20103_en.pdf
Vail, J. (2022) Karl Polanyi and the Paradoxes of the Double Movement, New York: Routledge.
Vail, J. and Hollands, R. (2013) ‘Cultural work and transformative arts: The dilemmas of the Amber collective’, Journal of Cultural Economy, 5(3): 337–353.
Valli, C. (2015) ‘When cultural workers become an urban social movement: Political subjectification and alternative cultural production in the Macao movement, Milan’, Environment and Planning A, 47: 643–659.
Vellinga, M. (2002) ‘Globalization and neoliberalism: Economy and society in Latin America’, Iberoamericana: Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 32(2): 25–43.
Venus Orbits for Justice (2015) ‘From squatters to owners: Lessons from OT301’, Venus Orbits for Justice, [online] 10 May, Available from: http://venusorbitsforjustice.tumblr.com/post/118651345634/from-squatters-to-owners-lessons-from-ot301
von Falkenhausen, S. (2016) ‘Preface’, in U. Brezborn and S. Weismann (eds) KuLe: Art and Life. A House in Berlin Since 1990, Berlin: Revolver Publishing, pp 13–15.
Wacquant, L. (2022) The Invention of the ‘Underclass’: A Study in the Politics of Knowledge, Cambridge: Polity.
Wade, M. (2019) ‘The rich in Sydney get a bigger share of the income pie’, The Sydney Morning Herald, [online] 16 June, Available from: https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/the-rich-in-sydney-get-a-bigger-share-of-the-income-pie-20190614-p51xw7.html#:~:text=Greater%20Sydney%20isn’t%20just,the%20nation’s%20most%20unequal%20region
Wainwright, O. (2017) ‘“Everything is gentrification now”: But Richard Florida isn’t sorry’, The Guardian, [online] 26 October, Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/oct/26/gentrification-richard-florida-interview-creative-class-new-urban-crisis
Wearing, S., McDonald, M., Taylor, G. and Ronen, T. (2019) ‘Neoliberalism and global tourism’, in D. Timothy (ed) Handbook of Globalisation and Tourism, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp 27–43.
Westergaard, J. (1992) ‘About and beyond the “underclass”: Some notes on influences of social climate on British sociology today: BSA presidential address, 1992’, Sociology, 26(4): 575–587.
Whiting, S., Barnett, T. and O’Connor, J. (2022) ‘Creative city R.I.P.?’, M/C Journal, 25(3), [online], Available from: https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2901
Wilkinson, R.G. and Pickett, K. (2009) The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better, London: Alan Lane.
Williams, R. (1958) Culture and Society, London: Chatto & Windus.
Williams, R. (1977) Marxism and Literature, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Willis, P., Jones, S., Canaan, J. and Hurd, G. (1990) Common Culture: Symbolic Work at Play in the Everyday Cultures of the Young, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Wilson, M. (2014) ‘The gentrification of our livelihoods’, Stretcher, [online], Available from: https://www.stretcher.org/features/the_gentrification_of_our_livelihoods/
Wilson, W.J. (2012) The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Witts, S. (2020) ‘Deltic saved from administration by Scandinavian nightlife giant’, The Caterer, [online] 17 December, Available from: https://www.thecaterer.com/news/deltic-nightclub-bought-administration-rekom-scandinavian
Wolifson, P. (2018) ‘Civilising by gentrifying: The contradictions of neoliberal planning for nightlife in Sydney, Australia’, in J. Nofre and A. Eldridge (eds) Exploring Nightlife: Space, Society and Governance, London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp 35–52.
Wood, A. (1998) ‘Making sense of urban entrepreneurialism’, Scottish Geographical Magazine, 114(2): 120–123.
Wood, A. (2017) ‘The 10 most creative cities to live in around the world’, Shillington, [online] 27 November, Available from: https://blog.shillingtoneducation.com/10-best-creative-cities-live-work-play/
World Atlas (2017) ‘UNESCO creative cities In South America’, [online], Available from: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/unesco-creative-cities-in-south-america.html
World Atlas (2022a) ‘The world’s most creative cities’, [online], Available from: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-world-s-most-creative-cities.html
World Atlas (2022b) ‘Cities with the most income inequality’, [online], Available from: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/cities-with-the-most-income-inequality.html
World Tourism Organization (1995) Collection of Tourism Expenditure Statistics, Madrid: World Tourism Organization.
World Tourism Organization (2015) ‘UNWTO tourism highlights 2015’, [online], Available from: https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416899
Wright, E.O. (1998) ‘Introduction’, in S. Bowles and H. Gintis, Recasting Egalitarianism, London: Verso, pp xi–xiii.
Wright, E.O. (2010) Envisioning Real Utopias, London: Verso.
Wright, E.O. (2015) Classes, London: Verso.
Wynne, E. (2018) ‘Perth’s Fringe Festival grows to third biggest in the world in just seven years’, ABC News, [online] 25 January, Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-01-26/perth-fringe-festival-grows-to-be-third-biggest-world/9357046
Yeo, S.J., Ho, K.C. and Heng, C.K. (2016) ‘Rethinking spatial planning for urban conviviality and social diversity: A study of nightlife in a Singapore public housing estate neighbourhood’, Town Planning Review, 87(4): 379–399.
Youngs, I. (2019) ‘We are Middlesbrough: From a town of industry to a city of culture?’, BBC News, [online] 24 May, Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-48363282
Zhang, Z., Liang, Z. and Bao, J. (2021) ‘From theme park to cultural tourism town: Disneyization turning of tourism space in China’, Regional Sustainability, 2(2): 156–163.
Zukin, S. (1995) The Cultures of Cities, Oxford: Blackwell.
May 2022 onwards | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 728 | 503 | 26 |
Full Text Views | 9 | 1 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Institutional librarians can find more information about free trials here