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This chapter explores issues of crime, deviancy, conflict and victimisation as these pertain to the planet’s southern continent. The discussion centres on harm and how these are manifested at local levels through to global levels. Transgressions that cause harm have ramifications for the health and well-being of humans, ecosystems, and plants and animals, not only within the environs of Antarctica but worldwide. The chapter maps out different types of harm, for example, those affecting the Antarctic continent itself, such as pollution and waste, and global warming, and the impacts these are having on endemic non-human animals as well as the biotic communities of the Southern Ocean, not to mention rising seas and shifts in climatic conditions generally. It also examines the nature of transgressions involving humans who live and work in the Antarctic, and the harms that emerge within communities and between colleagues in such remote and physically harsh environments. Antarctica is increasingly important to world powers, as reflected in contemporary debates over the Antarctic Treaty. There are also heightened conservation concerns about the state of the Antarctic as a nature reserve, intricate ecosystem and unique biophysical space. For rural criminology, Antarctica presents profound challenges for research, horizon scanning and strategic intervention.
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