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The chapter discusses Tolstoy’s version of radical abolitionism. According to Tolstoy, the divinely ordained equality of human beings meant that no form of coercion could ever be legitimate, even, or rather especially, if is it based on law and legal procedures. Robbers and murderers acting at their own risk understanding that their acts are vile are more likely to repent and deserve more compassion than executioners or judges who send people to the gallows protected by the law and the repressive apparatus of the state. This chapter discusses Tolstoy’s personal experience of dealing with state violence, his theory of violence and his attitude to penal institution and penal abolition as revealed in his last major novel, The Resurrection.
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Tolstoy, L. (1933) A Confession, A Gospel in Brief and What I Believe, A. Maude (trans.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Tolstoy, L. (1966) War and Peace, a Norton critical edition, L. Maude and A. Maude (trans.), G. Gibian (ed.), New York, London: Norton.
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Tolstoy, L. (1978) Tolstoy’s Letters, vols I–II, R.F. Christians (ed. and trans.), New York: Charles Scribner & Sons.
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Tolstoy, L. (1984) ‘The Kingdom of God Is Within You’: Christianity Not as a Mystic Religion But as a New Theory of Life, C. Garnett (trans.), New York: Cassell.
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Tolstoy, L. (1991) What Then Must We Do?, A. Maude (trans.), Bideford: Green Books.
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Tolstoy, L. (2000) Divine and Human and Other Stories, P. Sekirin (trans.), New York: HarperCollins.
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Tolstoy, L. (2015) The Death of Ivan Ilyich and Other Stories, N. Pasternak-Slater (trans.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Tolstoy, L. (2018) ‘Miscellanies’ in The Kingdom of God Is Within You: Christianity and Patriotism, Frankfurt am Main: Verlag GmbH.
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Tolstoy, L. (2020) The Resurrection, L. Maude (trans.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Kerr, W. (1982) The Shabunin Affair: An Episode in the Life of Leo Tolstoy, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
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McLean, H. (2004) ‘Could the master err? A Note on God Sees the Truth But Waits’, Tolstoy Studies, XVI: 77–81.
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Medzhibovskaya, I. (2008) ‘Tolstoy’s response to terror and revolutionary violence’, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 9(3): 505–531.
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Scott, D. (2016) ‘Speaking the language of state violence: an abolitionist perspective’, European Group for the Study of Deviance and Social Control. Newsletter, N°2.
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Tchertkov, V.G. and Holah, F. (1904) A Short Biography of William Lloyd Garrison, London: Free Age Press.
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Whittaker, R. (1997) ‘Tolstoy’s American disciple: letters to Earnest Howard Crosby, 1894–1906’, Triquarterly, 98: 210–250.
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