This chapter explores the historical and material conditions of existence of the modern conception of property as private property and thing-ownership, linking them to the rise of capitalist social relations. It moves on to look at what an empirically grounded analysis of any specific set of empirically existing property/property institutions would involve, and at the role of law in constituting and safeguarding modern property and property rights. In this context, it focuses in particular on the intangible financial property forms that are now central to wealth and power, and whose value is based on expectations about future revenues. Against this backdrop, it explores the policy prioritisation of investor protection, the rise of the ‘new constitutionalism’ and ‘derisking’, the impact of these phenomena on democracy, and the gulf between neoliberal rhetoric and neoliberal practice.
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