Chapter 1 introduces and develops the academic debate around the process of securitization in the economic sector. This chapter shows that economy and security are increasingly interconnected and understanding the dynamics that inform the securitization of these economic interactions is a fundamental exercise to improve our comprehension of changing global dynamics. The theory of securitization of non-traditional security issues (NTS) provides an excellent explanatory tool to unpack how global actors are changing the way in which they look at economy. For example, the debates about the theory contribute to our understanding of how threats in the economic sector tend to be characterized by long-term implications rather than immediate repercussions and guided by a logic of risk rather than of an existential threat.
Albert, Mathias, and Barry Buzan (2011) ‘Securitization, Sectors and Functional Differentiation’. Security Dialogue 42, no. 4–5: 413–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010611418710.
Amendolagine, Vito, and Roberta Rabellotti (2017) ‘Chinese Foreign Direct Investments in the European Union’. In Chinese Investment in Europe: Corporate Strategies and Labour Relations, edited by Jan Drahokoupil, 1st ed., 99–120. Brussels: ETUI.
Amit, Raphael, and Paul J. H. Schoemaker (1993) ‘Strategic Assets and Organizational Rent’. Strategic Management Journal 14, no. 1: 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140105.
Andreis, Diego (2019) ‘One Voice of Europe?’ In Chinese International Investments, edited by Tim Wenniges and Walter Lohman, 69–80. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
Angelucci, Davide, Gianluca Piccolino, Pierangelo Isernia, Silvia Colombo, Andrea Dessì, and Ettore Greco (2021) ‘Gli Italiani e La Politica Estera 2021 [Italians and Foreign Policy 2021]’. Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI), 15 November. https://www.iai.it/it/pubblicazioni/gli-italiani-e-la-politica-estera-2021.
ANSA (2020) ‘Huawei Rilancia, Un Centro a Roma Di Cybersecurity’. ANSAcom, 1 October. https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/postit/Huawei/2020/10/01/huawei-rilancia-un-centro-a-roma-di-cybersecurity-_ec4f09b7-193e-4ce2-ade2-025be2c3e21b.html.
Aradau, Claudia (2010) ‘Security That Matters: Critical Infrastructure and Objects of Protection’. Security Dialogue 41, no. 5: 491–514. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010610382687.
Aresu, Alessandro, and Matteo Negro (2019) La Geopolitical Della Protezione: Investimenti e Sicurezza Nazionale: Gli Stati Uniti, l’Italia e l’UE. ‘Verso l’europa’ Fondazione per lo Studio dei Mercati Pubblici Europei, Città di Catello (PG).
Babić, Milan, Dixon, Adam, D. and Liu, Imogen, T. (2022) The Political Economy of Geoeconomics: Europe in a Changing World. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
Balzacq, Thierry, Sarah Léonard, and Jan Ruzicka (2015) ‘“Securitization” Revisited: Theory and Cases’. International Relations 30, no. 4: 494–531. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815596590.
Barbera, Alessandro (2014) ‘Renzi in Cina: Dobbiamo Aprirci Di Più’. La Stampa, 14 June.
Bauerle Danzman, Sarah (2021) ‘Investment Screening in the Shadow of Weaponized Interdependence’. In The Uses and Abuses of Weaponized Interdependence, edited by D. W. Drezner, H. Farrell, and A. L. Newman, 257–72. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Bauerle Danzman, Sarah, and Sophie Meunier (2021) ‘The Big Screen: Mapping the Diffusion of Foreign Investment Screening Mechanisms’. SSRN Electronic Journal 3913248: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3913248.
BBC News (2011) ‘New UK Nuclear Plant Sites Named’. BBC News, 23 June.
BBC News (2013) ‘Osborne Agrees to China Investing in UK Nuclear Plants’. BBC News, 17 October.
BBC News (2015) ‘Security Fears over China Nuclear Power Deal’. BBC News, 16 October.
Bechis, Francesco (2021a) ‘Altolà Cina, c’è Lo Stop Di Draghi. Golden Power Sui Microchip’. Formiche, 23 November.
Bechis, Francesco (2021b) ‘Draghi Halts Chinese 5G Tech Purchase’. Formiche, 25 March.
Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (2017) ‘Joint Communique of the Leaders Roundtable of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation’. Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, 16 May. http://2017.beltandroadforum.org/english/n100/2017/0516/c22-423.html.
Benner, Thorsten, Jan Gaspers, Mareike Ohlberg, Lucrezia Poggetti, and Kristin Shi-Kupfer (2018) Authoritarian Advance: Responding to China’s Growing Political Influence in Europe. Berlin: GPPI and MERICS. https://merics.org/en/report/authoritarian-advance-responding-chinas-growing-political-influence-europe.
Bennett, Oliver, and Steve Brown (2021) National Security and Investment Bill 2019–21. Briefing paper CBP8784. London: House of Commons Library. https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8784/CBP-8784.pdf.
Berry, Rita S. Y. (1999) ‘Collecting Data by In-Depth Interviewing’. Paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, University of Sussex.
Bigo, Didier (2000) ‘When Two Become One: Internal and External Securitizations in Europe’. In International Relations Theory and the Politics of European Integration: Power, Security and Community, edited by Morten Kelstrup and Michael Williams, 171–204. London: Routledge.
Blomkvist, Katarina, and Rian Drogendijk (2016) ‘Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investments in Europe’. European Journal of International Management 10, no. 3: 343–58. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2016.076242.
Blyth, Mark (2013) Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea. New York: Oxford University Press.
Booth, Ken (2007) Theory of World Security. Cambridge Studies in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/DOI:
Bourbeau, Philippe (2014) ‘Moving Forward Together: Logics of the Securitisation Process’. Millennium 43, no. 1: 187–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829814541504.
Breslin, Shaun (2017) ‘UK–China Relations in the Context of Brexit: Economics Still in Command’. China International Studies 6: 61–73.
Breslin, Shaun (2021) China Risen?: Studying Chinese Global Power. 1st ed. Bristol: Bristol University Press.
Brown, Kerry (ed.) (2014) China and the EU in Context: Insights for Business and Investors. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137351869.
Brown, Kerry (2019) The Future of UK–China Relations: The Search for a New Model. 1st ed. London: Agenda Publishing.
Brown, Stephen, and Jörn Grävingholt (2016) ‘Security, Development and the Securitization of Foreign Aid’. In The Securitization of Foreign Aid, edited by Stephen Brown and Jörn Grävingholt, 1–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-56882-3_1.
Buckley, Peter, Jeremy Clegg, A. R. Cross, X. Liu, Hinrich Voss, and P. Zheng (2007) ‘The Determinants of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment’. Journal of International Business Studies 38, no. 4: 499–518. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400277.
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie , Ministère de l’Economie et des Finances , and Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico (2017) ‘Letter to Commissioner Malmström from France, Germany and Italy’, February. https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Downloads/S-T/schreiben-de-fr-it-an-malmstroem.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5.
Bungenberg, Marc (2011) ‘The Division of Competences Between the EU and its Member States in the Area of Investment Politics’. In International Investment Law and EU Law, edited by Marc Bungenberg, Joern Griebel, and Steffen Hindelang, 29–42. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Buzan, Barry, Ole Weaver, and Jaap de Wilde (1998) Security: A New Framework for Analysis. London: Lynne Rienner.
Cabinet Office (2021) Global Britain in a Competitive Age: The Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy. London: HM Government.
Cable, Vincent (1995) ‘What is International Economic Security?’ International Affairs 71, no. 2: 305–24. https://doi.org/10.2307/2623436.
Calenda, Carlo (2018) ‘Il MES Cina Non è Un Trattato! Lo Status Di Economia Di Mercato Alla Cina è Già Stato Respinto Grazie al Lavoro Del Governo Renzi. Qui Non Si Tratta Di Conoscere l’Europa o Il Commercio Internazionale, Basta Leggere i Giornali’. Tweet. Twitter, 17 May. https://twitter.com/carlocalenda/status/997002652109164544?lang=en.
Calenda, Carlo (2019) ‘Ho Evitato Il Riconoscimento Alla Cina Dell’economia Di Mercato, Fatto l’accordo Con Il Canada, Avuto Io via Libera Antitrust Su Vendita ILVA, Approvata La Golden Power Contro Le Acquisizioni Cinesi, Approvata La Norma a Favore Delle Aziende Energivore..Salvini? Dimmene Una’. Tweet. Twitter, 20 December. https://twitter.com/carlocalenda/status/1208122101552558081.
Camera dei Deputati (2017a) Dibattiti Svolti Nella XVII Legislatura, Assemblea, Seduta n. 762, 20 March. https://www.camera.it/leg17/410?idSeduta=0762&tipo=stenografico.
Camera dei Deputati (2017b) Dibattiti Svolti Nella XVII Legislatura, Assemblea, Seduta N. 797, 16 May. https://banchedati.camera.it/tiap_17/ctrStartPage.asp.
Camera dei Deputati (2017c) XVII Legislatura. Resoconto Stenografico Dell’Assemblea, Seduta n. 892, 28 November.
Camera dei Deputati (2019) D.L. 105/2019: Perimetro di Sicurezza Cibernetica, 11 November.
Camera dei Deputati (2021) La Disciplina Del Golden Power: Quadro Normativo. Temi Dell’attività Parlamentare XVII Legislatura. https://temi.camera.it/leg17/post/la_disciplina_del_golden_power__quadro_normativo.html.
CAMFIN (2015) ‘China National Tire&Rubber Co. (CNRC), Controllota Di China National Chemical Corporation (CHEMCHINA), CAMFIN S.P.A. (CAMFIN) E Gli Azionisti Di CAMFIN Hanno Firmato Un Accordo Vincolante per Una Partnership Industriale Di Lungo Termine’. Press release, 22 March.
Cantwell, John A., John H. Dunning, and Odile E. M. Janne (2004) ‘Towards a Technology-Seeking Explanation of US Direct Investment in the United Kingdom’. Journal of International Management 10, no. 1: 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2003.12.002.
Cappella Zielinski, Rosella (2018) ‘Political Economy of National Security’. In Oxford Bibliographies. https://doi.org/10.1093/OBO/9780199743292-0184.
Carrer, Gabriele (2021) ‘Draghi Fa Partire Gli Accertamenti Sull’azienda Di Droni Finita in Mani Cinesi’, Formiche, 16 November.
Casarini, Nicola (2017) ‘Chinese Investments in Italy: Changing the Game?’ In Chinese Investment in Europe: A Country-Level Approach. ETNC Report, edited by John Seaman, Mikko Huotari, and Miguel Otero-Iglesias, 81–6. European Think-Tank Network on China (ETNC).
Casarini, Nicola (2020) ‘Italy’s China Card: Finance, Trade and Geopolitics’. Chatham House: America’s Global Role, 30 October. https://americas.chathamhouse.org/article/italy-china-card/.
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (2014) ‘Il Consiglio Di Amministrazione Approva La Cessione Del 35% Di CDP RETI al Gruppo Cinese State Grid Corporation of China ’. Press release, 30 July.
Cerulus, Laurens, and Jakob Hanke (2017) ‘Enter the Dragon: Chinese Investment in Crisi-Hit Countries Gives Beijing Influence at the European Union’s Top Table’. Politico, 4 October. https://www.politico.eu/article/china-and-the-troika-portugal-foreign-investment-screening-takeovers-europe/.
Chan, Zenobia, and Sophie Meunier (2021) ‘Behind the Screen: Understanding National Support for a Foreign Investment Screening Mechanism in the European Union’. SSRN Electronic Journal, no. 3726973: 1–29. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3726973.
Chen, Xuechen, and Xinchuchu Gao (2022) ‘Analysing the EU’s Collective Securitisation Moves towards China’. Asia Europe Journal 20, no. 2: 195–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-021-00640-4.
China Research Group (2020) ‘About the China Research Group’. https://chinaresearchgroup.org/about.
Ciuta, Felix (2009) ‘Security and the Problem of Context: A Hermeneutical Critique of Securitisation Theory’. Review of International Studies 35, no. 2: 301–26. https://doi.org/DOI:
Clark, Rt Hon Greg, MP (2016) ‘Letter from Rt Hon Greg Clark MP Secretary of State Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy to EDF Secretary General Jean-Bernard Lévy ’. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a80df8ce5274a2e8ab52a59/13b_-_Exchange_of_Letters_-_part_2.pdf.
Clegg, Jeremy, and Hinrich Voss (2014) ‘Chinese Overseas Direct Investment into the European Union’. In China and the EU in Context: Insights for Business and Investors, edited by Kerry Brown, 14–43. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137351869.
Clinton, Bill (2000) ‘Full Text of Clinton’s Speech on China Trade Bill’. New York Times, 9 March. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/asia/030900clinton-china-text.html.
Coldiretti (2021) ‘Cina: Il Decreto Draghi Salva i Semi Italiani Con Il Golden Power’, 27 October. https://www.coldiretti.it/economia/cina-il-decreto-draghi-salva-i-semi-italiani-con-il-golden-power#:~:text=“A%20difesa%20d.
Collier, David (2011) ‘Understanding Process Tracing’. PS: Political Science and Politics 44, no. 4: 823–30. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096511001429.
Collier, David, Henry E. Brady, and Jason Seawright (2010) ‘Sources of Leverage in Causal Inference: Toward an Alternative View of Methodology’. In Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards, edited by Henry E. Brady and David Collier, 2nd ed., 161–99. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Competition and Markets Authority (2021) ‘Competition and Markets Authority’. https://connect.cma.gov.uk/.
Confindustria (2018) Normativa Sul Golden Power: Nota Di Aggiornamento, March.
Confindustria (2019) Italia, Europa e Cina: Analisi e Proposte per Un Rinnovato Modello Di Cooperazione. Position paper, 12 April. https://www.confindustria.it/home/policy/position-paper/dettaglio/italia-europa-cina-analisi-proposte-cooperazione.
Confindustria Bergamo (2017) Italia–Cina 2017: Meglio Investitori o Target? Quali Strategie per Le Aziende Italiane Nei Nuovi Equilibri Mondiali Tra La Cina e l’Europa [Italy–China 2017: Better to be Investors or Target? Which Strategy for Italian Enterprises in the New Global Equilibria between China and Europe]. https://www.confindustriabergamo.it/comunicazioni/news?id=30125.
COPASIR (2019) Relazione Sulle Politiche e Gli Strumenti per La Protezione Cibernetica e La Sicurezza Informatica, a Tutela Dei Cittadini, Delle Istituzioni, Delle Infrastrutture Critiche e Delle Imprese Di Interesse Strategico Nazionale.
Copeland, Dale C. (2000) ‘The Constructivist Challenge to Structural Realism: A Review Essay’. Quarterly Journal: International Security 25, no. 2: 187–212.
Corry, Olaf (2011) ‘Securitisation and “Riskification”: Second-Order Security and the Politics of Climate Change’. Millennium 40, no. 2: 235–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829811419444.
Cottone, Nicoletta (2017) ‘Gentiloni in Cina: “L’Italia Può Essere Protagonista Della Nuova Via Della Seta”’. Il Sole 24 Ore, 14 May.
Council of the European Communities (1985) ‘Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation between the European Economic Community and the People’s Republic of China’. OJ L 250: 2–7.
Creswell, J (2015) Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research .Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.
Cristiani, Dario, Mareike Ohlberg, Jonas Parello-Plesner, and Andrew Small (2021) ‘The Security Implications of Chinese Infrastructure Investment in Europe’. German Marshall Fund, 28 September. https://www.gmfus.org/news/security-implications-chinese-infrastructure-investment-europe.
Davis, Rob (2016) ‘China–UK Investment: Key Questions Following Hinkley Point C Delay’. The Guardian, 9 August.
Defence Committee (2020a) The Security of 5G: Government Response to the Committee’s Second Report of Session 2019–21: Fourth Special Report of Session 2019–21. London: House of Commons.
Defence Committee (2020b) The Security of 5G. Second Report of Session 2019–21 HC 201. London: House of Commons. https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/2877/documents/27899/default/.
Defraigne, Jean-Christophe (2017) ‘Chinese Outward Direct Investments in Europe and the Control of the Global Value Chain’. Asia Europe Journal 15, no. 2: 213–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-017-0476-3.
Defraigne, Jean-Christophe, and Kaewkamol Karen Pitakdumrongkit (2021) ‘Economic Security’. In The European Union’s Security Relations with Asian Partners, edited by Thomas Christiansen, Emil Kirchner, and See Seng Tan. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 231–54.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2017a) Civil Nuclear Cyber Security Strategy. London: BEIS.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2017b) National Security and Infrastructure Investment Review. London: BEIS. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/652505/2017_10_16_NSII_Green_Paper_final.pdf.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2017c) National Security and Infrastructure Investment Review: Impact Assessment. London: BEIS.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2018a) ‘Consultation Outcome. National Security and Investment: Proposed Legislative Reforms’. Gov.uk, 24 July. https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/national-security-and-investment-proposed-reforms.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2018b) National Security and Investment: A Consultation on Proposed Legislative Reforms. London: BEIS. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/728310/20180723_-_National_security_and_investment_-_final_version_for_printing__1_.pdf.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2018c) ‘Proposed Acquisition of Northern Aerospace Limited by Gardner Aerospace Holdings Limited: Decision Notice ’. Gov.uk. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/proposed-acquisition-of-northern-aerospace-limited-by-gardner-aerospace-holdings-limited-decision-notice.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2020a) ‘National Security and Investment Bill 2020’. Gov.uk, 11 November. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-security-and-investment-bill-2020.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2020b) National Security and Investment: Mandatory Notification Sectors. London: BEIS. https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/national-security-and-investment-mandatory-notification-sectors.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2021) ‘Overview of the National Security and Investment (NSI) Bill Factsheet’. Gov.uk. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-security-and-investment-bill-2020-factsheets/overview-of-the-national-security-and-investment-nsi-bill-factsheet.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022) ‘National Security and Investment Act: Guidance on Notifiable Acquisitions’. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-security-and-investment-act-guidance-on-notifiable-acquisitions.
Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport (2019) UK Telecoms Supply Chain Review Report. London: DCMS. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/819469/CCS001_CCS0719559014-001_Telecoms_Security_and_Resilience_Accessible.pdf.
Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport, and the Rt Hon Oliver Dowden CBE MP (2020) ‘New Telecoms Security Law to Protect UK from Cyber Threats’. Press release, 24 November. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-telecoms-security-law-to-protect-uk-from-cyber-threats.
Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport, National Cyber Security Centre , and the Rt Hon Oliver Dowden CBE MP (2020) ‘Huawei to Be Removed from UK 5G Networks by 2027’. Press release, 14 July. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/huawei-to-be-removed-from-uk-5g-networks-by-2027.
Department for International Trade (2017) Notice to Exporters 2017/21: Consultation Launched on National Security and Infrastructure Investment Review. London: Department for International Trade.
Department for International Trade (2022) ‘Trade and Investment Factsheets’, 18 February. Gov.uk. https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/trade-and-investment-factsheets.
Department of Energy & Climate Change of the United Kingdom, and China National Energy Administration (2015) ‘Statement of Cooperation in the Field of Civil Nuclear Energy’. Gov.uk. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/statement-of-cooperation-in-the-field-of-civil-nuclear-energy-2015.
Directorate-General for Internal Policies (2018) Research for TRAN Committee: The New Silk Route – Opportunities and Challenges for EU Transport. Brussels: European Parliament.
Donceel, Laurent (2015) ‘Splits Are Emerging in the EU over China’s Push to Gain Market Economy Status’. LSE Blog, 27 October. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2015/10/27/splits-are-emerging-in-the-eu-over-chinas-push-to-gain-market-economy-status/#:~:text=October%2027th%2C%202015-,Splits%20are%20emerging%20in%20the%20EU%20over,to%20gain%20market%20economy%20status&text=China%20has%20argued%20that%20all,joined%20the%20WTO%20in%202001.
Doyle, J. K (2004) ‘Introduction to Interviewing Techniques’. In Handbook for IQP Advisors and Students (Prepared for the Interdisciplinary and Global Studies Division) Worcester, MA: Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Dreger, Christian, Yun Schüler-Zhou, and Margot Schüller (2017) ‘Determinants of Chinese Direct Investments in the European Union’. Applied Economics 49, no. 42: 4231–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2017.1279269.
Drezner, Daniel W., Henry Farrell, and Abraham L. Newman (2021) The Uses and Abuses of Weaponized Interdependence. 1st ed. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Dunning, John H. (2001) ‘The Eclectic (OLI) Paradigm of International Production: Past, Present and Future’. International Journal of the Economics of Business 8, no. 2: 173–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/13571510110051441.
EDF (2013) ‘Agreement Reached on Commercial Terms for the Planned Hinkley Point C Nuclear Power Station’. EDF Communiqué.
EDF (2016) ‘Hinkley Point C: EDF’s Board of Directors Approves the Final Investment Decision’. Press release, 28 July. https://www.edf.fr/en/the-edf-group/dedicated-sections/press/all-press-releases/hinkley-point-c-edf-s-board-of-directors-approves-the-final-investment-decision.
EDF Energy (2021) ‘Our Nuclear New Build Projects’. https://www.edfenergy.com/energy/nuclear-new-build-projects.
EDF Energy and China General Nuclear (2015) ‘EDF Energy and CGN Make Announcement on Nuclear New Build Projects’. Press Release.
Environment Agency (2012) ‘New Nuclear Power Stations: Assessing Reactor Designs’. Gov.uk. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/new-nuclear-power-stations-assessing-reactor-designs.
European Commission (1995) Communication of the Commission. A Long-Term Policy for China–Europe Relations. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
European Commission (2005) EU–China Textile Agreement 10 June 2005. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/MEMO_05_201.
European Commission (2013) ‘EU Investment Policy – State of Play’, April.
European Commission (2016) ‘Commission Work Programme 2017. Delivering a Europe That Protects, Empowers and Defends’. https://www.eumonitor.eu/9353000/1/j9vvik7m1c3gyxp/vk8uai6274v7.
European Commission (2017a) ‘Final Welcoming Foreign Direct Investment While Protecting Essential Interests’. COM/2017/0494.
European Commission (2017b) ‘FDI Screening Proposal by the European Commission’. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/procedure/EN/2017_224.
European Commission (2017c) ‘President Jean-Claude Junker’s State of the Union Address 2017’. Speech.
European Commission (2017d) ‘Reflection Paper on Harnessing Globalisation’, 10 May. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52017DC0240&from=EN.
European Commission (2017e) White Paper on the Future of Europe, 1 March. https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/white-paper-future-europe_en.
European Commission (2019a) ‘Commission Recommendation of 26 March 2019 on Cybersecurity of 5G Networks C/2019/2335’. Official Journal of the European Union, 88: 42–7.
European Commission (2019b) European Commission and HR/VP Contribution to the European Council: EU–China – A Strategic Outlook. Strasbourg: European Commission. https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2019-03/communication-eu-china-a-strategic-outlook.pdf.
European Commission (2019c) ‘Member States Publish a Report on EU Coordinated Risk Assessment of 5G Main Insights of the EU Coordinated Risk Assessment’, October: 9–10. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_19_6049.
European Commission (2019d) ‘Screening of Foreign Direct Investment’. https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=2006.
European Commission (2020a) 5G Action Plan. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/5g-action-plan#:~:text=The%205G%20Action%20Plan%20is,225%20billion%20annually%20by%202025.
European Commission (2020b) ‘C(2020) 1981 Final. Guidance to the Member States Concerning Foreign Direct Investment and Free Movement of Capital from Third Countries, and the Protection of Europe’s Strategic Assets, Ahead of the Application of Regulation (EU) 2019/452 (FDI Screening Regulation)’, 25 March. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-7028-2020-INIT/en/pdf.
European Commission (2020c) ‘COM(2020) 112 Final. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the Central Bank, the European Investments Bank and the Eurogroup. Coordinated Economic Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak ’, 13 March. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0112.
European Commission (2020d) ‘Coronavirus: Commission Issues Guidelines to Protect Critical European Assets and Technology in Current Crisis’. Press release. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_20_528.
European Commission (2020e) EU–China Leaders’ Meeting: Delivering Results by Standing Firm on EU Interests and Values. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_20_2546.
European Commission (2020f) ‘EU Foreign Investment Screening Mechanism Becomes Fully Operational’. Press release, 9 October. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_1867.
European Commission (2020g) ‘Secure 5G Networks: Commission Endorses EU Toolbox and Sets Out Next Steps’. Press release, 29 January. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_123.
European Commission (2020h) Secure 5G Networks: Questions and Answers on the EU Toolbox, 29 January. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_20_127.
European Commission (2020i) White Paper on Levelling the Playing Field as Regards Foreign Subsidies, 17 June. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0253.
European Commission (2021a) ‘2021 State of the Union Address by President von Der Leyen’. Speech, 15 September. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_21_4701.
European Commission (2021b) China, 7 March. https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/china/.
European Commission (2021c) ‘Joint Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Josep Borrell and Executive Vice-President Valdis Dombrovskis on China’s Measures against Lithuania’. European Union External Action. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/joint-statement-high-representativevice-president-josep-borrell-and-executive-vice-president-valdis_en.
European Commission (2021d) List of Screening Mechanisms Notified by Member States, December: 1–14.
European Commission (2021e) Reports from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: First Annual Report on the Screening of Foreign Direct Investments into the Union and Report on the Implementation of Regulation (EU) 2021/821 Setting up a Union Regime for the Control of Exports, Brokering, Technical Assistance, Transit and Transfer of Dual-Use Items, 23 November. https://doi.org/10.2781/90680.
European Commission and Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs (2016) State-Owned Enterprises in the EU: Lessons Learnt and Ways Forward in a Post-Crisis Context. Luxembourg: Publications Office.
European Council, and Council of the European Union (2021) ‘EU Imposes Further Sanctions over Serious Violations of Human Rights around the World’. Press release, 22 March. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/03/22/eu-imposes-further-sanctions-over-serious-violations-of-human-rights-around-the-world/.
European External Action Service (2019) Connecting Europe & Asia: The EU Strategy. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/europe_asia_connectivity_factsheet_1.pdf.
European External Action Service (2020) ‘Trust and Reciprocity: The Necessary Ingredients for EU–China Cooperation’. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/trust-and-reciprocity-necessary-ingredients-eu-china-cooperation_en.
European Parliament (2017) Proposal for a Union Act Submitted Under Rule 46(2) of the Rules of Procedure on the Screening of Foreign Investment in Strategic Sectors. Pub. L. No. B8-0302/2017, 1. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/B-8-2017-0302_EN.pdf.
European Parliament (2019) ‘Carlo Calenda’. European Parliament MEPs. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197617/CARLO_CALENDA/history/9.
European Parliament (2021a) Chinese Counter-Sanctions on EU Targets, 20 May. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2021/690617/EPRS_ATA(2021)690617_EN.pdf.
European Parliament (2021b) ‘MEPs Refuse Any Agreement with China Whilst Sanctions are in Place’. European Parliament News, 20 May. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20210517IPR04123/meps-refuse-any-agreement-with-china-whilst-sanctions-are-in-place.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2019) ‘(FDI Screening) Regulation (EU) 2019/452 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 March 2019 Establishing a Framework for the Screening of Foreign Direct Investments into the Union’. OJ L 791: 1–14.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2021) Post Covid-19 Value Chains: Options for Reshoring Production Back to Europe in a Globalised Economy. Brussels: European Parliament.
European Union (2012) ‘Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union’. Official Journal of the European Union 55: 391.
European Union (2016) Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe: A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign And Security Policy. Luxembourg: European Union.
European Union Agency for Cyber Security (2020) ‘Report on the EU 5G Toolbox Implementation by Member States Published’. ENISA News, 24 July. https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/enisa-news/member-states-report-on-eu-5g-toolbox-released-today.
Exadaktylos, Theofanis, and Claudio M. Radaelli (2015) ‘Europeanisation’. In Research Methods in European Union Studies, edited by Kennet Lynggaard, Ian Manners, and Karl Löfgren, 206–18. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137316967_13.
Fatiguso, Rita (2016) ‘Cina, Tra Xi Jinping e Matteo Renzi Un Incontro in Amicizia’. Il Sole 24 Ore, 17 November.
Ferretti Group (2014) Ferretti Group Approves €80 Million Share Capital Increase to Support the Group’s New Relaunch and Growth Industrial Plan, 27 August. https://www.ferrettigroup.com/en-us/News-and-Events/Detail/t/Ferretti-Group-approves-80-million-share-capital/y/2014/n/467.
Fierke, Karin Marie (2006) ‘Constructivism’. In International Relations Theories, edited by Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki, and Steve Smith, 166–84. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Five Eyes (2017) ‘Five Eyes Intelligence Oversight and Review’, 3–5. UK Parliament. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7921/.
Floyd, Rita (2011) ‘Can Securitization Theory be Used in Normative Analysis? Towards a Just Securitization Theory’. Security Dialogue 42, no. 4/5: 427–39.
Floyd, Rita (2016) ‘Extraordinary or Ordinary Emergency Measures: What, and Who, Defines the “Success” of Securitization?’ Cambridge Review of International Affairs 29(2): 677–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2015.1077651.
Floyd, Rita (2019) ‘Evidence of Securitisation in the Economic Sector of Security in Europe? Russia’s Economic Blackmail of Ukraine and the EU’s Conditional Bailout of Cyprus’. European Security 28, no. 2: 173–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2019.1604509.
Floyd, Rita, and Stuart Croft (2011) ‘European Non-Traditional Security Theory: From Theory to Practice’. Geopolitics, History and International Relations 3, no. 2: 152–79.
Fondazione Italia Cina & CeSIF (2020) Cina 2020: XI Rapporto Annuale CeSIF: Scenari e Prospettive per Le Imprese. Milan: Fondazione Italia Cina.
Foreign & Commonwealth Office (2015) ‘UK–China Joint Statement 2015’. Gov.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-china-joint-statement-2015.
Foreign & Commonwealth Office, and Lord Green of Hurstpierpoint (2011) ‘Lord Green Looks East to Boost Trade Opportunities’. Gov.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/lord-green-looks-east-to-boost-trade-opportunities.
Foschini, Giuliano (2020) ‘Taranto Sulla Via Della Seta. Il Porto in Mani Cinesi. Ma è Allarme Sicurezza [Taranto on the Silk Road. The Port in the Hands of the Chinese. But It Is an Alarm for National Security]’. La Repubblica, 27 September.
Fotina, Carmine (2015) ‘Rischio Cina per Le Imprese Europee [The China Risk for European Enterprises]’. Il Sole 24 Ore, 28 November. https://st.ilsole24ore.com/art/mondo/2015-11-28/rischio-cina-le-imprese-europee-094335.shtml?uuid=ACSsLHjB.
Freudenstein, Roland (2019) ‘Rising to the Challenge: The EU and Chinese Strategic Investments in Europe’. In Chinese FDI in the EU and the US: Simple Rules for Turbulent Times, edited by Tim Wenniges and Walter Lohman, 81–90. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gallelli, Beatrice, and Lorenzo Mariani (2021) China in Italy: Risk Assessment and Preventive Solutions. IAI Papers 21. Rome: Instituto Affari Internazionali.
Gallelli, Beatrice, Alessandro Albana, Richard Q. Turcsányi, Matej Šimalčík, Kristína Kironská, and Renáta Sedláková (2020) Italian Public Opinion on China in the Age of COVID-19: Longing for Economic Engagement amid General Distrust. Bratislava: Central European Institute of Asian Studies.
Geller, Eric (2019) ‘Trump Signs Order Setting Stage to Ban Huawei from US’ Politico, 15 May. https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/15/trump-ban-huawei-us-1042046#:~:text=President%20Donald%20Trump%20on%20Wednesday,networks%20and%20U.S.%20computer%20systems.
George, Alexander L., and Andrew Bennett (2005) Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Gerring, John (2007) Case Study Research: Principles and Practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ghiselli, Andrea (2021) Protecting China’s Interests Overseas: Securitization and Foreign Policy. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gilpin, Robert (1981) War and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Godement, François (2020) ‘China’s Relations with Europe’. In China and the World, edited by David Shambaugh, 251–69. New York: Oxford University Press.
Godement, François, and Abigaël Vasselier (2017) China at the Gates: A New Power Audit of EU–China Relations. London: European Council on Foreign Relations.
Gosden, Emily (2015) ‘Hinkley Point Nuclear Plant: The Story so Far’. The Telegraph, 12 October, 1–8.
Gosden, Emily (2018) ‘Nuclear Options Meltdown as Japanese Pull Out’. The Times, 9 November.
Governo Italiano (2012) Decreto-Legge convertito con modificazioni dalla L. 11 maggio, n. 56 (in GU 14/05/2012, n. 111) Law L. 11 maggio 2012, n. 56 (in GU 14/05/2012, n. 111) (2012).
Governo Italiano (2023) ‘Scambi Commerciali (Cina) [Trade (China)]’. InfoMercatiEsteri Osservatorio Economico. https://www.infomercatiesteri.it/scambi_commerciali.php?id_paesi=122.
Gov.uk (2021) Past Prime Ministers: The Rt Hon Theresa May MP. https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/theresa-may.
Gracie, Carrie (2016a) ‘Hinkley Point: Theresa May’s China Calculus’. BBC News, 31 July.
Gracie, Carrie (2016b) ‘Is China the Hitch for the Hinkley Point Deal?’ The Guardian, 29 July.
Gramer, Robbie (2020) ‘Trump Turning More Countries in Europe Against Huawei’. Foreign Policy, 27 October. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/10/27/trump-europe-huawei-china-us-competition-geopolitics-5g-slovakia/.
Grieco, J. M. (1990) Cooperation Among Nations: Europe, America, and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Grieger, Gisela (2020) China’s Economic Recovery and Dual Circulation Model. European Parliamentary Research Service Briefing. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/659407/EPRS_BRI(2020)659407_EN.pdf.
Hadfield, Amelia (2020) ‘“Carry On, Global Britain”: Recrafting Post-Brexit: Security and Foreign Affairs’. Politique européenne 70, no. 4: 166–91. https://doi.org/10.3917/poeu.070.0166.
Hadfield, Amelia, Ian Manners, and Richard Whitman (2017) Foreign Policies of EU Member States: Continuity and Europeanisation. 1st ed. London: Routledge.
Hameiri, Shahar, and Lee Jones (2013) ‘The Politics and Governance of Non-Traditional Security’. International Studies Quarterly 57, no. 3: 462–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12014.
Hanemann, Thilo, and Mikko Huotari (2017) Record Flows and Growing Imbalances: Chinese Investments in Europe in 2016. MERICS Papers on China no. 3. Berlin: MERICS.
Hanemann, Thilo, Mikko Huotari, and Agatha Kratz (2019) Chinese FDI in Europe: 2018 Trends and Impact of New Screening Policies. Berlin: MERICS.
Hansen, Lene, and Helen Nissenbaum (2009) ‘Digital Disaster, Cyber Security, and the Copenhagen School’. International Studies Quarterly 53, no. 4: 1155–75.
Hayes, Jarrod (2012) ‘Securitization, Social Identity, and Democratic Security: Nixon, India, and the Ties that Bind’. International Organization 66, no. 1: 63–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818311000324.
HCSEC (2015) Huawei Cyber Security Evaluation Centre (HCSEC) Oversight Board 1st Annual Report 2015: A Report to the National Security Adviser of the United Kingdom. Banbury: HCSEC.
HCSEC (2019) Huawei Cyber Security Evaluation Centre (HCSEC) Oversight Board Annual Report 2019: A Report to the National Security Adviser of the United Kingdom. Banbury: HCSEC.
Helleiner, Gerald (1989) ‘Transnational Corporations and Direct Foreign Investment’. In Handbook of Development Economics, edited by Hollis Burnley Chenery and T. N. Srinivasan, 1441–80. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
Hellström, Jerker (2016) China’s Acquisitions in Europe: European Perceptions of Chinese Investments and their Strategic Implications. Stockholm: FOI.
Helm, Toby (2020) ‘Pressure from Trump Led to 5G Ban, Britain Tells Huawei’. The Guardian, 18 July.
Hindelang, Steffen, and Andreas Moberg (2021) YSEC Yearbook of Socio-Economic Constitutions 2020. 1st ed. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43757-2.
Holslag, Jonathan (2019) The Silk Road Trap: How China’s Trade Ambitions Challenge Europe. 1st ed. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Home Office (2021) ‘Home Office’. Gov.uk. https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office.
Hooijmaaijers, Bas (2019) ‘Blackening Skies for Chinese Investment in the EU?’ Journal of Chinese Political Science 24, no. 3: 451–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-019-09611-4.
House of Commons (2021) National Security and Investment Act 2021.
Hurd, Ian (2008) ‘Constructivism’. In The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, edited by Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidai, 298–316. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199219322.003.0017.
Huysmans, Jef (2000) ‘The European Union and the Securitization of Migration’. Journal of Common Market Studies 35, no. 5: 751–77.
Il Presidente della Repubblica (2017) ‘Decreto-Legge 16 Ottobre 2017, n. 148. “Disposizioni Urgenti in Materia Finanziaria e per Esigenze Indifferibili”, Article 14’. Gazetta Ufficiale, 16 October. https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2017/10/16/17G00166/sg.
Il Presidente della Repubblica (2019a) ‘Decreto-Legge 25 Marzo 2019, n. 22: Misure Urgenti per Assicurare Sicurezza, Stabilita’ Finanziaria e Integrita’ dei Mercati, Nonche’ Tutela Della Salute e Della Liberta’ di Soggiorno dei Cittadini Italiani e di Quelli del Regno Unito, in Caso di Recesso dall’Unione Europea’. Gazzetta Ufficiale, 25 March. https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2019/03/25/19G00032/sg.
Il Presidente della Repubblica (2019b) ‘LEGGE 20 maggio 2019, n. 41 Conversione in legge, con modificazioni, del decreto-legge 25 marzo 2019, n. 22, recante misure urgenti per assicurare sicurezza, stabilita’ finanziaria e integrita’ dei mercati, nonche’ tutela della salute e della liberta’ di soggiorno dei cittadini italiani e di quelli del Regno Unito, in caso di recesso di quest'ultimo dall'Unione europea’. Gazzetta Ufficiale, 24 May. https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/showNewsDetail?id=1792&backTo=archivio&anno=2019&provenienza=archivio.
Il Presidente della Repubblica (2020) ‘Decreto del Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri 30 luglio 2020, n. 131: Regolamento in materia di perimetro di sicurezza nazionale cibernetica, ai sensi dell’articolo 1, comma 2, del decreto-legge 21 settembre 2019, n. 105, convertito, con modificazioni’. Gazetta Ufficiale, 21 November. https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2020/10/21/20G00150/sg.
Il Sole 24 Ore (2020) ‘Pompeo: Ho Chiesto a Conte Di Fare Attenzione Sul 5G. Pompeo: I Asked Conte to Be Careful about 5G’. Il Sole 24 Ore, 30 September.
Inkster, Nigel (2019) ‘The Huawei Affair and China’s Technology Ambitions’. Survival 61, no. 1: 105–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2019.1568041.
Intelligence and Security Committee (2013) Foreign Involvement in the Critical National Infrastructure: The Implications for National Security. London: HM Stationery Office.
Irwin Crookes, Paul, and John Farnell (2019) ‘The UK’s Strategic Partnership with China beyond Brexit: Economic Opportunities Facing Political Constraints’. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 48, no. 1: 106–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868102619858783.
Italian Trade Agency (2019) Le Statistiche in Breve. https://www.ice.it/it/statistiche/Short_stat.aspx.
Jackman, Robert W. (1982) ‘Dependence on Foreign Investment and Economic Growth in the Third World’. World Politics 34, no. 2: 175–96. https://doi.org/10.2307/2010262.
Jackson, Nicole J. (2006) ‘International Organizations, Security Dichotomies and the Trafficking of Persons and Narcotics in Post-Soviet Central Asia: A Critique of the Securitization Framework’. Security Dialogue 37, no. 3: 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010606069062.
Kelion, Leo (2020) ‘Huawei Set for Limited Role in UK 5G Networks’. BBC News, 28 January.
Kenealy, Daniel, Amelia Hadfield, Richard Corbett, and John Peterson (2021) The European Union: How Does it Work? 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Keohane, R. O. (1989) International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye (1987) ‘Power and Interdependence Revisited’. International Organization 41(4): 725–53. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/power-and-interdependence-revisited/F9A484FBBF233AC29FE8BE79D16C382D.
Kirton, David (2020) ‘Timeline: Huawei Feeling the Heat as It Eyes Honor Sale’. Reuters, 10 November.
Knoerich, Jan (2012) ‘The Rise of Chinese OFDI in Europe’. In Chinese International Investments, edited by Ilan Alon, Marc Fetscherin, and Philippe Gugler. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 175–211. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230361577_10.
Knoerich, Jan (2016) ‘Has Outward Foreign Direct Investment Contributed to the Development of the Chinese Economy?’ Transnational Corporations 23, no. 2: 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18356/898d556e-en.
Knoerich, Jan (2020) ‘Written Evidence from Dr Jan Knoerich, Senior Lecturer in the Economy of China, Lau China Institute, School of Global Affairs, King’s College London’. UK Parliament, 23 September. https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/12170/pdf/.
Knoerich, Jan, and Tina Miedtank (2018) ‘The Idiosyncratic Nature of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Europe’. Cesifo FORUM 19, no. 4: 3–8.
Kratz, Agatha, Max Zenglein, and Gregor Sebastian (2021) Chinese FDI in Europe: 2020 Update. Berlin: Rhodium Group and MERICS.
La 7 (2020) ‘Carlo Calenda: “La Norma Del Golden Power Che Ho Introdotto è Rimasta Totalmente Inattuata”’. Video. La7, 1 October. https://iruobnfdjs22.la7.it/laria-che-tira/video/carlo-calenda-la-norma-del-golden-power-che-ho-introdotto-e-rimasta-totalmente-inattuata-01-10-2020-342481.
La Repubblica (2020) ‘Pompeo a Conte: “State Attenti Alla Cina: Sul 5G Non Sono Sinceri”. Di Maio: “Sicurezza Nazionale è Nostra Priorità”’. La Repubblica, 30 September.
La Repubblica (2021) ‘Il Governo Draghi Usa per La Prima Volta Il Golden Power: Bloccata l’acquisizione Cinese Di Un’azienda Lombarda Dei Semiconduttori’. La Repubblica, 9 April.
Lai, Keyan (2021) ‘National Security and FDI Policy Ambiguity: A Commentary’. Journal of International Business Policy, 496–505. https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-020-00087-1.
Lardy, Nicholas (2011) Sustaining China’s Economic Growth After the Global Financial Crisis. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute.
Le Corre, Philippe (2018) ‘Chinese Investments in European Countries: Experiences and Lessons for the “Belt and Road” Initiative’. In Rethinking the Silk Road Trap, edited by M. Mayer, 161–75. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
Léonard, Sarah, and Christian Kaunert (2010) ‘Reconceptualizing the Audience in Securitization Theory’. In Securitization Theory, edited by Thierry Balzacq, 1st ed., 57–76. London and New York: Routledge.
Lévy, Jean-Bernard (2016) ‘EDF Director General Jean-Bernard Lévy Letter to the Secretary of State Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Rt Hon Greg Clark MP’. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7f5179e5274a2e87db51ed/13c_-_Exchange_of_Letters_-_part_3.pdf.
Li, Shaomin, and Ilan Alon (2020) ‘China’s Intellectual Property Rights Provocation: A Political Economy View’. Journal of International Business Policy 3, no. 1: 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-019-00032-x.
Lin, Justin Yifu (2011) ‘China and the Global Economy’. China Economic Journal 4, no. 1: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538963.2011.609612.
Lupovici, Amir (2016) ‘Securitization Climax: Putting the Iranian Nuclear Project at the Top of the Israeli Public Agenda (2009–2012)’. Foreign Policy Analysis 12, no. 3: 413–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/fpa.12081.
Ma, Yuan, and Henk Overbeek (2015) ‘Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the European Union: Explaining Changing Patterns’. Global Affairs 1, no. 4–5: 441–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2015.1113796.
Manson, Rowena, and Simon Goodley (2016) ‘Hinkley Point C Nuclear Power Station Gets Government Green Light’. The Guardian, 15 September.
Mason, Rowena, and Frances Perraudin (2015) ‘Nuclear Deals with China Could Endanger UK National Security, Says Labour’. The Guardian, 16 October.
McCaleb, Agnieszka, and Ágnes Szunomár (2017) ‘Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern Europe: An Institutional Perspective’. In Chinese Investment in Europe: Corporate Strategies and Labour Relations, edited by Jan Drahokoupil, 1st ed., 221–40. Brussels: ETUI.
McDonald, Matt (2008) ‘Securitization and the Construction of Security’. European Journal of International Relations 14, no. 4: 563–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066108097553.
Meijer, Hugo (2022) Awakening to China’s Rise: European Foreign and Security Policy toward the People’s Republic of China. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Men, Jing (2012) ‘The EU and China: Mismatched Partners?’ Journal of Contemporary China 21, no. 74: 333–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2012.635934.
Meunier, Sophie (2014a) ‘A Faustian Bargain or Just a Good Bargain? Chinese Foreign Direct Investment and Politics in Europe’. Asia Europe Journal 12, no. 1–2: 143–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-014-0382-x.
Meunier, Sophie (2014b) ‘Divide and Conquer? China and the Cacophony of Foreign Investment Rules in the EU’. Journal of European Public Policy 21 no. 7: 996–1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.912145.
Meunier, Sophie (2019) ‘Beware of Chinese Bearing Gifts: Why China’s Direct Investment Poses Political Challenges in Europe and the United States’. In China’s International Investment Strategy: Bilateral, Regional, and Global Law and Policy, edited by Julien Chaisse, 345–59. London: Oxford University Press.
Meunier, Sophie, and Jean Frédéric Morin (2017) ‘The European Union and the Space-Time Continuum of Investment Agreements’. Journal of European Integration 39, no. 7: 891–907. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2017.1371706.
Meunier, Sophie, and K. Nicolaidis (2019) ‘The Geopoliticization of European Trade and Investment Policy’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 57, no. 51: 103–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12932.
Michalski, Anna, and Zhongqi Pan (2017) ‘Role Dynamics in a Structured Relationship: The EU–China Strategic Partnership’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 55, no. 3: 611–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12505.
Milano Finanza (2017) ‘Calenda, Cina Non è Un’economia Di Mercato’. Milano Finanza, 31 January.
Minin, Alberto, and Jieyin Zhang (2010) ‘An Exploratory Study on International R&D Strategies of Chinese Companies in Europe’. Review of Policy Research 7, no. 4: 433–55.
Ministère de l’Europe e des Affaires étrangère (2021) ‘China – Press Release – Video Conference between President Emmanuel Macron and Chancellor Angela Merkel, and President Xi Jinping (Elysée Palace, 5 July 2021)’. France Diplomacy. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/china/news/article/china-press-release-video-conference-between-president-emmanuel-macron-and.
Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Collaborazione Internazionale (2020) ‘Tabella 5B Principali Paesi Di Provenienza Delle Importazioni Italiane. Graduatoria in Base Ai Dati Del 2020’. Osservatorio Economico MAECI. chrome-extension: //efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.infomercatiesteri.it/public/osservatorio/interscambio-commerciale-mondo/Tabella%205B%20-%20Principali%20Paesi%20di%20provenienza%20delle%20importazioni%20italiane%20in%20base%20ai%20dati%20del%202020_1612868922.pdf.
Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale (2019) Di Maio e La Via Della Seta «Faremo i Conti Nel 2020» Siglato l’accordo Su Trieste. https://www.esteri.it/it/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/interviste/2019/11/di-maio-e-la-via-della-seta-faremo-i-conti-nel-2020-siglato-l-accordo-su-trieste-corriere-della-sera/.
Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale (2016) Nomina a Rappresentante Permanente dell’Italia presso l’UE. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2016-000483_IT.html?redirect.
Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico (2016) ‘Carlo Calenda’.
Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico (2019a) ‘Italia-Cina: Di Maio Firma Tre Memorandum d’intesa Su Belt and Road Initiative, E-Commerce e Startup’, 23 March. chrome-extension: //efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Memorandum_Italia-Cina_EN.pdf.
Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico (2019b) ‘Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Italian Republic and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on Cooperation within the Framework of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative’. Governo Italiano, 23 March. https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Memorandum_Italia-Cina_EN.pdf.
Moran, Theodore H., Edward M. Graham, and Magnus Blomstrom (eds) (2005) Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development? Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, Centre for Global Development.
Müller, Patrick, and Charlott Gebauer (2021) ‘Austria and the Global Compact on Migration: The “Populist Securitization” of Foreign Policy’. Comparative European Politics 19, no. 6: 760–78. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-021-00260-7.
Napolitano, Giulio (ed.) (2020) Foreign Direct Investment Screening: Il Controllo Sugli Investimenti Esteri Diretti. Bologna: Il Mulino.
National Audit Office (2017) ‘Hinkley Point C Report’. National Audit Office, 23 June. https://www.nao.org.uk/reports/hinkley-point-c/.
National Development and Reform Commission (2020) ‘外商投资安全审查办法 [Measures for the Security Review of Foreign Investment]’, 27 November. https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/fzggwl/202012/t20201219_1255025.html.
National Security Adviser of the United Kingdom (2013) Huawei Cyber Security Evaluation Centre: Review by the National Security Adviser. London: HM Government.
Neal, Andrew W. (2009) ‘Securitization and Risk at the EU Border: The Origins of FRONTEX*’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 47, no. 2: 333–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2009.00807.x.
Norris, William James (2018) Chinese Economic Statecraft: Commercial Actors, Grand Strategy, and State Control. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Nouwens, Meia, and Helena Legarda (2018) Emerging Technology Dominance: What China’s Pursuit of Advanced Dual-Use Technologies Means for the Future of Europe’s Economy and Defence Innovation. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies.
OECD (2019) ‘Investment Policy Related to National Security’. Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs Investment Committee, 22 July. https://one.oecd.org/document/DAF/INV/RD(2019)1/en/pdf.
Oertel, Janka (2020) ‘Europe, 5G, and Munich: The China Challenge and American Mission’. European Council on Foreign Relations. https://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_europe_5g_and_munich_the_china_challenge_and_american_mission/.
O’Neill, Sean, Deborah Haynes, and Robin Pagnamenta (2015) ‘Nuclear Deal with China is Threat to UK Security’. The Times, 16 October.
Osborne, George (2015) ‘Chancellor: “Let’s Create a Golden Decade for the UK–China Relationshi p”’. Speech to Shanghai Stock Exchange, China. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/chancellor-lets-create-a-golden-decade-for-the-uk-china-relationship.
Overholt, William H. (2010) ‘China in the Global Financial Crisis: Rising Influence, Rising Challenges’. Washington Quarterly 33, no. 1: 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/01636600903418652.
Pacheco Pardo, Ramon (2018) ‘Europe’s Financial Security and Chinese Economic Statecraft: The Case of the Belt and Road Initiative’. Asia Europe Journal 16, no. 3: 237–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-018-0511-z.
Panda, Ankit (2016) ‘UK–China Ties Put to the Test Over Hinkley Point Nuclear Power Project’. The Diplomat, 12 August.
Pew Research Center (2014) ‘Chapter 2: China’s Image ’. In Global Opposition to U.S. Surveillance and Drones, but Limited Harm to American Image. http://www.pewglobal.org/2014/07/14/chapter-2-chinas-image/.
Pickard, Jim, and Nathalie Thomas (2021) ‘UK Plans to Force Sale of Chinese-Owned Nuclear Stake to Investors’. Financial Times, 29 September.
Pickard, Jim, Nic Fildes, Sebastian Payne, and Helen Warrell (2020) ‘UK Draws Up Plans to Restrict Chinese Inward Investment’. Financial Times, 24 May.
Pietrobelli, Carlo, Roberta Rabellotti, and Marco Sanfilippo (2011) ‘Chinese FDI Strategy in Italy: The “Marco Polo” Effect’. International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development 4, no. 4: 277–91. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTLID.2011.044138.
Poh, Angela, and Mingjiang Li (2017) ‘A China in Transition: The Rhetoric and Substance of Chinese Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping’. Asian Security 13, no. 2: 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/14799855.2017.1286163.
Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri (2012) ‘Golden Power’. Governo Italiano. https://www.governo.it/it/dipartimenti/dip-il-coordinamento-amministrativo/dica-att-goldenpower/9296.
Prime Minister’s Office, Cabinet Office, Department for International Development, Foreign & Commonwealth Office, Home Office, and Ministry of Defence (2015) National Security Strategy and Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015. Policy paper. London: HM Government.
Prime Minister’s Office 10 Downing Street, Department for Business Innovation & Skills, Department of Energy & Climate Change, HM Treasury, UK Trade & Investment, and The Rt Hon David Cameron (2015) ‘Joint Press Conference: David Cameron and President Xi Jinping’. London, 21 October. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/joint-press-conference-david-cameron-and-president-xi-jinping.
Pugliese, Giulio, Francesca Ghiretti, and Aurelio Insisa (2022) ‘Italy’s Embrace of the Belt and Road Initiative: populist foreign policy and political marketing’. International Affairs 98(3): 1033–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac039.
Raab, Dominic (2020) ‘Foreign Secretary’s Statement on Huawei’. Speech in the House of Commons, 28 January. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/foreign-secretary-statement-on-huawei.
Rabe, Wiebke, and Olivia Gippner (2017) ‘Perceptions of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment in European Critical Infrastructure and Strategic Industries’. International Politics 54, no. 4: 468–86. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-017-0044-x.
Raess, Damian, Patrick Wagner, and Wanlin Ren (2017) ‘Chinese Commercially-Oriented Financial Flows and UN Voting Realignment’. Unpublished manuscript. http://wp.peio.me/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/PEIO11_paper_62.pdf.
Rathbun, Brian C. (2009) ‘Interviewing and Qualitative Field Methods: Pragmatism and Practicalities’. In The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology, edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier, 685–701. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0029.
Reilly, James (2017) ‘China’s Economic Statecraft in Europe’. Asia Europe Journal 15, no. 2: 173–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-017-0473-6.
Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri (2020) ‘Relazione al Parlamento Golden Power’, 31 December. https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/GP_RelazioneParlamento_2020.pdf.
Ricks, Jacob I., and Amy H. Liu (2018) ‘Process-Tracing Research Designs: A Practical Guide’. PS: Political Science and Politics 51, no. 4: 842–46. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096518000975.
Rios-Morales, Ruth, and Louis Brennan (2010) ‘The Emergence of Chinese Investment in Europe’. EuroMed Journal of Business 5, no. 2: 215–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/14502191011065518.
Robert, Aline (2016) ‘European Parliament Unites against Chinese MES’. Euractive, 11 May. https://www.euractiv.com/section/trade-society/news/european-parliament-unites-against-chinese-mes/.
Rogelja, Igor, and Konstantinos Tsimonis (2020) ‘Narrating the China Threat: Securitising Chinese Economic Presence in Europe’. Chinese Journal of International Politics 13, no. 1: 103–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poz019.
Royal Communications (2016) ‘The Queen Received in Audience The Right Honourable Theresa May This Evening and Requested Her to Form a New Administration’. The Royal Family, 13 July. https://www.royal.uk/queen-received-audience-right-honourable-theresa-may.
Ruddick, Graham (2016a) ‘China Plans Central Role in UK Nuclear Industry after Hinkley Point Approval’. The Guardian, 15 September.
Ruddick, Graham (2016b) ‘Why have Ministers Delayed Final Approval for Hinkley Point C?’ The Guardian, 29 July.
Salter, Mark B., and Geneviève Piché (2011) ‘The Securitization of the US–Canada Border in American Political Discourse’. Canadian Journal of Political Science 44, no. 4: 929–51. https://doi.org/DOI:
Sant, G. (2016) ‘Il Presidente Cinese Xi a Renzi: “Vi Voglio Come Partner Forti”’. Il Corriere della Sera, 3 September. https://www.corriere.it/esteri/16_settembre_04/presidente-cinese-xi-renzi-vi-voglio-come-partner-forti-aecbd9e6-720b-11e6-a5ab-6335286216cb.shtml.
Saravalle, Alberto, and Carlo Stagnaro (2020) Contro Il Sovranismo Economico: Storia e Guasti Di Statalismo, Nazionalismo, Dirigismo, Protezionismo, Unilateralismo, Antiglobalismo (e Qualche Rimedio) 1st ed. Milan: Rizzoli.
Sassoon, Lord, and Giles Blackburne (2017) ‘Chinese Investment in the UK: Great Expectations?’ In From World Factory to Global Investor, edited by Xuedong Ding and Chen Meng, 1st ed., 216–31. Abingdon and New York: Routledge.
Schröder, Marcel (2017) ‘Mercantilism and China’s Hunger for International Reserves’. China Economic Review 42: 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.11.004.
Scissor, Derek (2021) ‘China Global Investment Tracker’. American Enterprise Institute. https://www.aei.org/china-global-investment-tracker/.
Scott, David (2007) ‘China and the EU: A Strategic Axis for the Twenty-First Century?’ International Relations 21, no. 1: 23–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117807073766.
Scott, Mark (2021) ‘How Trump Won over Europe on 5G’. Politico, 4 February. https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/04/trump-europe-5g-466016.
Seaman, John, Mikko Huotari, and Miguel Otero-Iglesias (2017) Chinese Investment in Europe: A Country-Level Approach. European Think-Tank Network on China (ETNC).
Seawright, Jason, and John Gerring (2008) ‘Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options’. Political Research Quarterly 6, no. 2: 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912907313077.
Senato della Repubblica (2015) Senato Della Repubblica, Seduta 574, article 50. https://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/docnonleg/41150.htm.
Senato della Repubblica (2021) Relazione Concernente L’attività Svolta Sulla Base Dei Poteri Speciali Sugli Assetti Societari Nei Settori Della Difesa E Della Sicurezza Nazionale, Nonché Per Le Attività Di Rilevanza Strategica Nei Settori Dell’energia, Dei Trasporti E Delle Comunicazioni (Doc. LXV, n.3), 30 June. https://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/docnonleg/42803.htm.
Senato della Repubblica and Camera dei Deputati (2019) Golden Power D.L. 64/2019 / A.S. 1412. XVIII legislatura. https://www.senato.it/service/PDF/PDFServer/BGT/01118751.pdf.
Senato della Repubblica and Camera dei Deputati (2020) D.P.C.M. in materia di perimetro di sicurezza nazionale cibernetica. Atto del Governo 177. https://documenti.camera.it/leg18/dossier/pdf/VQAG177.pdf.
Shambaugh, David (2020) ‘China’s Long March to Global Power’. In China and the World, edited by David Shambaugh, 3–22. New York: Oxford University Press.
Shepardson, David (2021) ‘Biden Signs Legislation to Tighten US Restrictions on Huawei, ZTE’. Reuters, 12 November.
Sipsas, Evangelo (2021) ‘Greece and China Build on History and Economic Ties with Cultural Partnership’. CGTN, 18 September. https://newseu.cgtn.com/news/2021-09-17/Greece-and-China-build-on-historic-links-with-cultural-partnership-13C4K5O0zYI/index.html.
Slawson, Nicola (2017) ‘David Cameron to Lead £750m UK–China Investment Initiative’. The Guardian, 16 December. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/dec/16/david-cameron-to-lead-750m-uk-china-investment-initiative.
Soldi, Mattia (2021) ‘Golden Power Preventivo. I Cinesi Rinunciano a Iveco (e Giorgetti Sorride)’. Formiche, 17 April.
Sperling, James, and Mark Webber (2019) ‘The European Union: Security Governance and Collective Securitisation’. West European Politics 42, no. 2: 228–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2018.1510193.
Stacey, Kiran (2018) ‘Calls Renewed to Keep Huawei out of American 5G’. Financial Times, 11 December.
Stefanini, Sara (2016) ‘Theresa May Gives Hinkley the Green Light’. Politico, 15 September. https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-has-approved-hinkley-with-conditions-report/.
Stritzel, Holger (2007) ‘Towards a Theory of Securitization: Copenhagen and Beyond’. European Journal of International Relations 13, no. 3: 357–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066107080128.
Summers, Tim (2017) ‘Chinese Investment in the UK: Growing Flows or Growing Controversy?’ In Chinese Investment in Europe: A Country-Level Approach, edited by John Seaman, Mikko Huotari, and Miguel Otero-Iglesias, 159–66. ETNC Report. European Think-Tank Network on China (ETNC).
Summers, Tim (2021) ‘Imagining Brexit: The UK’s China Policy after the Referendum’. In A New Beginning or More of the Same?, edited by Michael Reilly and Chun-Yi Lee, 1st ed., 101–34. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sweney, Mark (2021) ‘Chinese-Owned Firm Acquires UK’s Largest Semiconductor Manufacturer’. The Guardian, 5 July.
Szunomár, Ágnes (2018) ‘Chinese FDI in Central and Eastern Europe. An Overview of Factors Motivating Chinese MNEs in the Cee Region’. Global Economic Observer, ‘Nicolae Titulescu’ University of Bucharest, Faculty of Economic Sciences; Institute for World Economy of the Romanian Academy, 6, no. 2: 4–16.
The Economist (2022) ‘British Regulators Have Approved a Chinese Reactor Design’. The Economist, 22 February. https://www.economist.com/britain/2022/02/12/british-regulators-have-approved-a-chinese-reactor-design.
Thomas, Stephen (2016) ‘The Hinkley Point Decision: An Analysis of the Policy Process’. Energy Policy 96: 421–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.06.021.
Timothy, Nick (2015) ‘Nick Timothy: The Government is Selling Our National Security to China’. Conservative Home, 20 October. http://www.conservativehome.com/thecolumnists/2015/10/nick-timothy-the-government-is-selling-our-national-security-to-china.html.
Tingley, Dustin, Christopher Xu, Adam Chilton, and Helen V. Milner (2015) ‘The Political Economy of Inward FDI: Opposition to Chinese Mergers and Acquisitions’. Chinese Journal of International Politics 8, no. 1: 27–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pou049.
Tonchev, Plamen, and Polyxeni Davarinou (2017) Chinese Investment in Greece and the Big Picture of Sino-Greek Relations. Athens: Institute of International Economic Relations. http://idos.gr/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Chinese-Investment-in-Greece_4-12-2017.pdf.
Tossini, Vitor J. (2020) ‘The Five Eyes – The Intelligence Alliance of the Anglosphere’. UK Defence Journal (blog), 14 April. https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/the-five-eyes-the-intelligence-alliance-of-the-anglosphere/.
Trombetta, Maria Julia (2008) ‘Environmental Security and Climate Change: Analysing the Discourse’. Cambridge Review of International Affairs 21, no. 4: 585–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557570802452920.
Tu, Changfeng (2019) ‘Chinese Outbound Investments’. In Chinese FDI in the EU and the US, edited by Tim Wenniges and Walter Lohman, 1–13. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
UK Government, Prime Minister’s Office (2019) ‘Queen’s Speech. December 2019. Background Briefing Notes’, 19 December. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5dfb62eded915d54a7389b76/Queen_s_Speech_December_2019_-_background_briefing_notes.pdf.
UK Parliament (2013a) New Nuclear Power. Research briefing. London: House of Commons Library.
UK Parliament (2013b) ‘UK Nuclear Energy Programme. Volume 569: Debated on Monday 21 October 2013’. Hansard. https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2013-10-21/debates/1310215000002/UKNuclearEnergyProgramme.
UK Parliament (2016) ‘Hinkley Point C. Volume 614: Debated on Thursday 15 September 2016’. Hansard. https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2016-09-15/debates/82B019B0-A8CB-4E5B-8783-567EFA219FBA/HinkleyPointC.
UK Parliament (2020a) Bringing Together the FCO and DFID. London: UK Parliament. https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/2058/documents/19632/default/.
UK Parliament (2020b) ‘National Security and Investment Bill (First Sitting)’. Hansard, 24 November. https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2020-11-24/debates/d6fcff86-0b13-4698-804f-a16e9aca2ad4/NationalSecurityAndInvestmentBill(FirstSitting).
UK Parliament (2020c) ‘National Security and Investment Bill (Second Sitting)’. Hansard, 24 November. https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2020-11-24/debates/baf4f10c-493a-49ec-9fca-8079eacb5a1e/NationalSecurityAndInvestmentBill(SecondSitting).
UK Parliament (2021a) ‘Foreign Affairs Committee’. UK Parliament Committees. https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/78/foreign-affairs-committee.
UK Parliament Joint Select Committee (2015) ‘National Security Strategy and Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015’.
US Department of Treasury (2021) The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius.
Valero, Jorge (2019) ‘Macron, Merkel and Juncker to Meet China’s Xi on Tuesday’. Euractive, 22 March. https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/macron-merkel-and-juncker-to-meet-chinas-xi-on-tuesday/.
Vecchione, Gennaro (2019) Golden Power. GNOSIS.
Vincenti, Daniele (2016) ‘EU Lawmakers Reject Granting China the Market Economy Status’. Euractive, 12 May. https://www.euractiv.com/section/trade-society/news/eu-lawmakers-reject-granting-china-the-market-economy-status/.
Walt, Stephen M. (1991) ‘The Renaissance of Security Studies’. International Studies Quarterly 35, no. 2: 211–39. https://doi.org/10.2307/2600471.
Waltz, Kenneth (1979) Theory of International Politics. Berkeley, CA: Addison-Wesley.
Wang, Huiyao, and Lu Miao (2016) ‘“Going Global Strategy” and Global Talent BT’. In China Goes Global: How China’s Overseas Investment Is Transforming Its Business Enterprises, edited by Huiyao Wang and Lu Miao, 144–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-57813-6_6.
Wendt, Alexander (1992) ‘Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics’. International Organization 46, no. 2: 391–425.
Wendt, Alexander (1995) ‘Constructing International Politics’. International Security 20, no. 1: 71–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/2539217.
Wendt, Alexander (1999) Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/DOI:
Wenniges, Tim, and Walter Lohman (eds) (2019) Chinese FDI in the EU and the US: Simple Rules for Turbulent Times. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6071-8.
Wesson, Tom (1999) ‘A Model of Asset-Seeking Foreign Direct Investment Driven by Demand Conditions’. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences de l’Administration 16, no. 1: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.1999.tb00183.x.
Wheeler, Brian (2013) ‘Is it a Good Idea to Allow China a Stake in UK Nuclear?’. BBC News, 17 October.
Wilkinson, Cat (2010) ‘The Limits of Spoken Words: From Meta-Narratives to Experiences of Security’. In Securitization Theory, edited by Thierry Balzacq, 1st ed., 94–115. London and New York: Routledge.
Wintour, Patrick (2019) ‘UK Government Postpones Huawei 5G Decision’. The Guardian, 1 November. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/nov/01/uk-government-postpones-huawei-5g-decision.
World Bank (2021) GDP (Current US$) – European Union. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=EU.
World Trade Organization (2021) ‘General Agreement on Trade in Services: Article XIV Bis: Security Exceptions’. https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/26-gats_01_e.htm.
Wright, Oliver (2021) ‘China Blocked from Funding Nuclear Power Stations by Boris Johnson’. The Times, 25 November.
Xinhua (2019) ‘中欧文明交流再放异彩 [Sino-European Civilization Exchanges Shine Again]’. Xinhua, March. http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-03/21/c_1124262426.htm.
Xinhua (2020) ‘科学认识“双循环”新发展格局 [Scientific Understanding of the New Development Pattern of “Dual Circulation”]’, Xinhua, 9 November. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2020-11/09/c_1126714546.htm.
Yin, Robert K. (2009) Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Zeng, Ka, and Xiaojun, Li (2019) ‘Geopolitics, Nationalism, and Foreign Direct Investment: Perceptions of the China Threat and American Public Attitudes toward Chinese FDI’. Chinese Journal of International Politics 12, no. 4: 495–518. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poz016.
Zenglein, Max (2020) Mapping and Recalibrating Europe’s Economic Interdependence with China. China Monitor, 18 November. Berlin: MERICS.
Zhang, Haiyan, and Daniel Van Den Bulcke (2014) ‘China’s Direct Investment in the European Union: A New Regulatory Challenge?’ Asia Europe Journal 12, no. 1–2: 159–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-014-0383-9.
Zhang, Xiaotong (2014) ‘EU–China Economic Diplomacy: When Economics Meets Politics’. European Foreign Affairs Review 3, no. 1: 57–67.
May 2022 onwards | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1200 | 1200 | 22 |
Full Text Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Institutional librarians can find more information about free trials here