Sitting at my desk and composing this last section of my book, I revert to looking at images of work, this time two pictures on my wall. Up in front of me is a reproduction of a painting by Mancunian artist L.S. Lowry from the mid-20th century. It depicts a football match on a bleak, grey day in what is presumably the Northwest of England. We see a goal and two teams battling it out on pitch. Two of the players, one representing each side, are jumping towards the ball, probably with the aim of heading it. They are surrounded by their respective teammates. In the foreground, there is a perimeter, and a few people watching who are positioned in front of it, mostly with their backs turned towards the observer. In the back, an industrial cityscape is visible: smoking chimneys, factory buildings and a gasometer. In Lowry’s painting, we glimpse what philosopher Bertrand Russell called, with dismissive overtones, the ‘industrial civilization’ (2010). He referred to a way of life centred on industrial work and the factory, which was prevalent, in the 19th and 20th century, in many parts of Britain, Western Europe and the wider world. Lowry’s imagery indicates that this civilization is characterized by strenuous, manual labour and a popular culture that celebrates comradery and confrontational physical activity (see Gramsci, 1971: 277–320; Hobsbawm, 1984: 182). And arguably, he depicts a male-dominated world. In the picture, there are only two females – a woman and a girl watching from outside the perimeter.
Aalbers, M.B. (2013) ‘Debate on neoliberalism in and after the neoliberal crisis’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(3): 1053–7.
Abendroth, W. (1954) ‘Der politische Streik’, in W. Abendroth (1975) Arbeiterklasse, Staat und Verfassung: Materialien zur Verfassungsgeschichte und Verfassungstheorie der Bundesrepublik, edited by J. Perels, Frankfurt am Main: EVA, pp 54–63.
Aborisade, F. and Povey, D. (2018) ‘Mass strikes in Nigeria, 2000–2015: struggling against neoliberal hegemony’, in J. Nowak, M. Dutta and P. Birke (eds) Workers Movements and Strikes in the Twenty-First Century: A Global Perspective, London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp 185–202.
Aglietta, M. (2000) A Theory of Capitalist Regulation: The US Experience, new edn, London: Verso, original work published in 1979.
AKSU (Arbeitskreis Strategic Unionism) (2013) ‘Jenaer Machtressourcenansatz 2.0’, in S. Schmalz and K. Dörre (eds) Comeback der Gewerkschaften? Machtressourcen, innovative Praktiken, internationale Perspektiven, Frankfurt am Main: Campus, pp 345–75.
Alabao, N. (2020) ‘Feminismo 2020: avances y desuniones’, CTXT, 9 March. Available from: https://ctxt.es/es/20200302/Politica/31286/8m-feminismo-psoe-podemos-nuria-alabao.htm [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Alcaide, S. (2011) ‘Movimiento 15-M: los ciudadanos exigen reconstruir la política’, El País, 17 May. Available from: https://elpais.com/politica/2011/05/16/actualidad/1305578500_751064.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Alonso Pérez, M. and Furió Blanco, E. (2010) ‘La economía española: Del crecimiento a la crisis pasando por la burbuja immobiliaria’, Cahiers de civilisation espagnole contemporaine, 6. Available from: https://journals.openedition.org/ccec/3212 [Accessed 19 January 2024].
Althusser, L. (1969) For Marx, London: Allen Lane, original work published in 1965.
Álvarez, P. (2018a) ‘Qué es la huelga feminista y más claves de la protesta del 8 de marzo’, El País, 14 November. Available from: https://elpais.com/politica/2018/02/13/actualidad/1518533587_229354.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Álvarez, P. (2018b) ‘El movimiento feminista prepara una huelga para el 8 de Marzo de 2019’, El País, 7 October. Available from: https://elpais.com/sociedad/2018/10/06/actualidad/1538862263_827951.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Álvarez, P. (2021) ‘El feminismo cambia las marchas masivas por símbolos y homenajes en el 8-M de la pandemia’, El País, 8 March. Available from: https://elpais.com/sociedad/2021-03-08/el-feminismo-cambia-las-marchas-masivas-por-simbolos-y-homenajes-en-el-8-m-de-la-pandemia.html?rel=listapoyo [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Álvarez, P. and Sahuquillo, M.R. (2017) ‘Miles de mujeres marchan en España por la igualdad de derechos’, El País, 9 March. Available from: https://elpais.com/politica/2017/03/08/actualidad/1488980420_408460.html?event_log=oklogin [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Álvarez Vallejos, R. (2010) ‘¿Represión o integración? La política sindical del regimen militar, 1973–1980’, Historia, 43(2): 325–55.
Antentas, J.M. (2015) ‘Spain: the indignados rebellion of 2011 in perspective’, Labor History, 56(2): 136–60.
Ap, S. (2014) ‘Zim cricketers to return after wage strike’, Mail & Guardian, 3 February. Available from: www.mg.co.za/article/2014-02-03-zim-cricketers-to-return-after-wage-strike/ [Accessed 23 February 2022].
Apicella, S. and Hildebrandt, H. (2019) ‘Divided we stand: reasons for and against strike participation in Amazon’s German distribution centres’, Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation, 13(1): 172–89.
Aranea, M. and Kraemer, B. (2021) ‘Working life in Germany: collective bargaining’, Eurofound, 6 August. Available from: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/country/germany#collective-bargaining [Accessed 10 October 2022].
Armanski, G. (1974) ‘Staatliche Lohnarbeiter im Kapitalismus’, PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft, 4(16): 1–16.
Arrighi, G. (1994) The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power and the Origins of Our Times, London: Verso.
Arruzza, C. (2013) Dangerous Liaisons: The Marriages and Divorces of Marxism and Feminism, Pontypool: Merlin.
Arruzza, C. (2017) ‘From social reproduction feminism to the women’s strike’, in T. Bhattacharya (ed) Social Reproduction Theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression, London: Pluto, pp 192–6.
Arruzza, C. (2018) ‘From women’s strikes to a new class movement: the third feminist wave’, International Viewpoint, December. Available from: https://viewpointmag.com/2018/12/03/from-womens-strikes-to-a-new-class-movement-the-third-feminist-wave/ [Accessed 6 October 2022].
Arruzza, C. and Henwood, D. (2017) ‘The first strike: March’s women’s strike was an electric first step towards forging a new feminist movement’, International Viewpoint, 16 April. Available from: https://internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article4929 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Arruzza, C., Bhattacharya, T. and Fraser, N. (2019) Feminism for the 99 Percent: A Manifesto, London: Verso.
Ärzteblatt (2015) ‘Rund 500 Charité-Mitarbeiter legen Arbeit nieder’, 27 April. Available from: www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/62625 [Accessed 23 February 2022].
Ärzteblatt (2017a) ‘Warnstreik an der Charité: Fronten verhärtet’, 8 August. Available from: www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/77474/Warnstreik-an-der-Charite-Fronten-verhaertet [Accessed 23 February 2022].
Ärzteblatt (2017b) ‘Charité richtet sich auf Pfleger-Streik ein’, 13 September. Available from: www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/79260/Charite-richtet-sich-auf-Pfleger-Streik-ein [Accessed 23 February 2022].
Ärzteblatt (2017c) ‘Vorerst kein weiterer Streik an der Charité’, 4 October. Available from: www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/80692/Vorerst-kein-weiterer-Streik-an-der-Charite [Accessed 23 February 2022].
Ärztezeitung (2017a) ‘Verdi fordert Streichung von Betten und OPs’, 9 August. Available from: www.aerztezeitung.de/Nachrichten/Pflegekraefte-beenden-Streik-an-der-Charite-310860.html [Accessed 23 February 2022].
Ärztezeitung (2017b) ‘Pflegekräfte beenden Streik an der Charité’, 5 October. Available from: www.aerztezeitung.de/Nachrichten/Pflegekraefte-beenden-Streik-an-der-Charite-310860.html [Accessed 23 February 2022].
Aue, K. (2021) ‘GDL-Streik: Versagt das Tarifeinheitsgesetz?’, Tagessschau, 12 August. Available from: https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/tarifeinheitsgesetz-119.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Auerbach, C.F. and Silverstein, L.B. (2003) Qualitative Data: An Introduction to Coding and Analysis, New York: New York University Press.
Augstein, J. (2015) ‘Danke, Herr Weselsky!’, Der Spiegel, 7 May. Available from: https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/bahn-streik-danke-claus-weselsky-augstein-kolumne-a-1032521.html [Accessed 19 January 2024].
Avarena Carasco, A. and Muñoz, M. (2018) ‘Conflicts around subcontracted workers in Chile’s copper mining sector’, in J. Nowak, M. Dutta and P. Birke (eds) Workers Movements and Strikes in the Twenty-First Century: A Global Perspective, London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp 133–50.
Ax, J. and Fernandez, L. (2017) ‘Women worldwide rally for equality, and against Trump in U.S.’, Reuters, 8 March. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-womens-day-usa-idUSKBN16F19D [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Ayuso, G. (2010) ‘La industria sí para en todas partes’, Público, 30 September. Available from: https://www.publico.es/espana/industria-partes.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Baca, G. (2004) ‘Legends of fordism: between myth, history and foregone conclusions’, Social Analysis, 48(3): 169–78.
Baccaro, L. and Pontusson, J. (2016) ‘Rethinking comparative political economy: the growth model perspective’, Politics & Society, 44(2): 175–207.
Bachmann, A. (2015) ‘Wer andern eine Grube … Oder: Wer fällt der Tarifeinheit zum Opfer?’, Express, January. Available from: https://express-afp.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2015-01_Bachmann_Wer-andern_Tarifeinheit.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Banwart, J. (2013) ‘Jerry Falwell, the rise of the moral majority, and the 1980 election’, Western Illinois Historical Review, 5: 133–57.
Bardertscher, C. and Kurz, N. (2017) ‘Genfer Uber-Fahrer treten in den Streik’, SRF News, 6 December. Available from: www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/loehne-von-650-franken-genfer-uber-fahrer-treten-in-den-streik [Accessed 23 February 2022].
Bar-On, T. (2008) ‘Fascism to the Nouvelle Droite: the dream of pan-European empire’, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 16(3): 327–45.
BBC (2016a) ‘Junior doctors’ leaders “trying to topple the government”’, 25 April. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-36126740 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
BBC (2016b) ‘Junior doctors’ row: the dispute explained’, 6 April. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-34775980 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
BBC (2016c) ‘Black Monday: Polish women strike against abortion ban’, 3 October. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37540139 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
BDA (nd) ‘Soziale Marktwirtschaft’. Available from: https://arbeitgeber.de/themen/wirtschaft-gesellschaft/soziale-marktwirtschaft/ [Accessed 10 May 2022].
Behrens, M., Frege, C.M. and Hurd, R. (2004) ‘Conceptualizing labour union revitalization’, in C.M. Frege and J. Kelly (eds) Varieties of Unionism: Strategies for Union Revitalization in a Globalizing Economy, Oxford: University Press, pp 11–30.
Behruzi, D. (2014) ‘Nur die Form stört’, Junge Welt, 5 November. Available from: https://www.jungewelt.de/loginFailed.php?ref=/artikel/251177.nur-die-form-st%C3%B6rt.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Belfrage, C.A. and Hauf, F. (2015) ‘Operationalizing cultural political economy: towards critical grounded theory’, Journal of Organizational Ethnography, 4(3): 324–40.
Bell, S. and Hindmoor, A. (2018) ‘Are the major global banks now safer? Structural continuities and change in banking and finance since the 2008 crisis’, Review of International Political Economy, 25(1): 1–27.
Bengoa, A. and Serrato, F. (2015) ‘Una multitud participa en la marcha contra la violencia machista’, El País, 7 November. Available from: https://elpais.com/politica/2015/11/07/actualidad/1446888439_982462.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Bergmann, J., Bürckmann, E. and Dabrowski, H. (2002) Krise und Krisenerfahrungen: Einschätzungen und Deutungen von Betriebsräten und Vertrauensleuten, Hamburg: VSA.
Bernados Domínguez, G. (2009) ‘Creación y Destrucción de la Burbuja Inmobiliaria en España’, Información Comercial Española, ICE: Revista de economía, 850: 23–40.
Berry, C. (2016) ‘UK manufacturing decline since the crisis in historical perspective’, SPERI British Political Economy Brief, 25 October. Available from: http://speri.dept.shef.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Brief-25-UK-manufacturing-decline-since-the-crisis.pdf [Accessed 7 October 2022].
Bewernitz, T. and Dribbusch, H. (2014) ‘“Kein Tag ohne Streik”: Arbeitskampfentwicklung im Dienstleistungssektor’, WSI-Mitteilungen, 5: 393–401.
BfA (2022) ‘Entwicklungen in der Zeitarbeit’, January. Available from: https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/DE/Statischer-Content/Statistiken/Themen-im-Fokus/Zeitarbeit/generische-Publikation/Arbeitsmarkt-Deutschland-Zeitarbeit-Aktuelle-Entwicklung.pdf;jsessionid=5F507213B6E9A2051D7041E781E2A919?__blob=publicationFile&v=12 [Accessed 9 October 2022]
Bhaskar, R. (1979) The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences, London: Routledge.
Bhattacharya, T. (2017a) ‘Introduction: mapping social reproduction theory’, in T. Bhattacharya (ed) Social Reproduction Theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression, London: Pluto, pp 1–20.
Bhattacharya, T. (2017b) ‘How not to skip class: social reproduction of labor and the global working class’, in T. Bhattacharya (ed) Social Reproduction Theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression, London: Pluto, pp 68–93.
Bhorat, H. and Tseng, D. (2014) ‘South Africa’s strike data revisited’, 2 April. Available from: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2014/04/02/south-africas-strike-data-revisited/ [Accessed 26 June 2021].
Bidgood, J. (2018) ‘West Virginia raises teachers’ pay to end statewide strike’, New York Times, 6 March. Available from: www.nytimes.com/2018/03/06/us/west-virginia-teachers-strike-deal.html [Accessed 23 March 2022].
Bidgood, J. and Robertson, C. (2018) ‘West Virginia walkouts a lesson in the power of a crowd-sourced strike’, New York Times , 8 March. Available from: www.nytimes.com/2018/03/08/us/west-virginia-teachers-strike.html?searchResultPosition=62 [Accessed 23 March 2022].
Bieler, A. and Morton, A. (2018) Global Capitalism, Global War, Global Crisis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bieling, H.-J. (2011) Internationale Politische Ökonomie: Eine Einführung, 2nd edn, Wiesbaden: VS.
Bieling, H.-J. (2018) ‘Jenseits der (neo-)liberal-kosmopolitischen Hegemonie? Die “Doppelkrise” der transatlantischen Globalisierungspolitik’, Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 25(2): 164–80.
Bild-Zeitung (2014) ‘Wie kann ich rausfinden, ob mein Zug doch fährt?’, 13 November. Available from: https://www.bild.de/geld/wirtschaft/bahnstreik/bild-erklaert-den-ersatzfahrplan-38435918.bild.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Billingsley, M. and Gillett, G. (2015) ‘Timeline of the junior doctors contract dispute’, BMJ, 18 December. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/351/sbmj.h6669 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Birke, P. (2007) Wilde Streiks im Wirtschaftswunder: Arbeitskämpfe, Gewerkschaften und soziale Bewegungen in der Bundesrepublik und Dänemark, Frankfurt am Main: Campus.
Birke, P. (2018) ‘The strike wave of 2015 in Germany’, in J. Nowak, M. Dutta and P. Birke (eds) Workers Movements and Strikes in the Twenty-First Century: A Global Perspective, London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp 221–36.
Bispinck, R. (2016) ‘Tarifpolitischer Jahresbericht 2015: Harte Arbeitskämpfe und kräftige Reallohnsteigerungen’, WSI Informationen zur Tarifpolitik, January. Available from: https://www.boeckler.de/pdf/p_ta_jb_2015.pdf [Accessed 8 October 2022].
Bispinck, R. (2017) ‘Tarifpolitischer Jahresbericht 2016: Deutliche Reallohnsteigerung und Anhebung der Mindestlöhne’, WSI Informationen zur Tarifpolitik, January. Available from: https://www.boeckler.de/pdf/p_ta_jb_2016.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Blaikie, N. and Priest, J. (2017) Social Research: Paradigms in Action, Cambridge: Polity.
Blaikie, N. and Priest, J. (2019) Designing Social Research, Cambridge: Polity.
Blair, A. and Schröder, G. (1998) ‘Europe: The Third Way/Die Neue Mitte’, Friedrich Ebert Foundation, South Africa Office, Working Documents, 2, June. Available from: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/suedafrika/02828.pdf [Accessed 30 May 2022].
Blanc, E. (2019) Red State Revolt: The Teachers’ Strike Wave and Working-Class Politics, London: Verso.
Blanc, E. (2020) ‘Breaking the law: strike bans and labour revitalization in the red state revolt’, Labour Studies Journal, 45(1): 74–96.
Blanco, S. (2018) ‘El 82% de los españoles cree que hay motivos para la huelga del 8 de marzo’, El País, 6 March. Available from: https://elpais.com/politica/2018/03/05/actualidad/1520245089_636623.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
BMA (2015) ‘BMA briefing: junior doctors’ contract’. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20151024002021/http://bma.org.uk/-/media/files/pdfs/working%20for%20change/policy%20and%20lobbying/pa-briefjuniordoctorscontractoct-23-10-2015.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
BMA (2016a) ‘The truth about the junior doctors’ contract dispute’. Available from: https://www.central-surgery.co.uk/mf.ashx?ID=331599e2-edae-400b-874e-95c7306de05a [Accessed 9 October 2022].
BMA (2016b) ‘Junior doctors reject proposed contract’, press release, 5 July. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20161107231150/https://www.bma.org.uk/news/media-centre/press-releases/2016/july/junior-doctors-reject-proposed-contract [Accessed 9 October 2022].
BMA (2021) ‘Mitigating the impact of Covid-19 on health inequalities’. Available from: https://www.bma.org.uk/media/3944/bma-mitigating-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-health-inequalities-report-march-2021.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Bock, V. (2018) ‘Neues von Amazon’, SoZ. Sozialistische Zeitung. Available from: www.sozonline.de/2018/07/neues-von-amazon/ [Accessed 23 March 2022].
Boewe, J. and Schulten, J. (2019) Der lange Kampf der Amazon-Beschäftigten. Labor des Widerstands: Globale Gewerkschaftliche Organisierung im Onlinehandel, Berlin: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung.
Bogg, A. (2016) ‘Beyond neo-liberalism: the Trade Union Act 2016 and the authoritarian state’, Industrial Law Journal, 45(3): 299–336.
Boin, A., t’Hart, P. and McCowell, A. (2008) ‘Conclusions: the politics of crisis exploitation’, in A. Boin, P. t’Hart and A. McCowell (eds) Governing after Crisis: The Politics of Investigation, Accountability and Learning, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 285–316.
Boll, F. and Kalass, V. (2014) ‘Streik und Aussperrung’, in W. Schroeder (ed) Handbuch Gewerkschaften in Deutschland, 2nd edn, Wiesbaden: Springer VS, pp 535–80.
Boltanski, L. and Chiapello, È. (2005) The New Spirit of Capitalism, London: Verso.
Book, C., Huke, N., Tiedemann, N. and Tietje, O. (2020) ‘Konservative Mobilmachung: Liberale Demokratie als fragile Herrschaftsordnung und der Aufstieg des Populismus’, in C. Book, N. Huke, N. Tiedemann and O. Tietje (eds) Autoritärer Populismus, Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot, pp 8–27.
Booth, R. (2020) ‘University of London cleaners win 10-year outsourcing battle’, The Guardian, 3 November. Available from: www.theguardian.com/education/2020/nov/03/university-of-london-cleaners-win-10-year-outsourcing-battle [Accessed 22 March 2022].
Bordogna, L. and Cella, G.P. (2002) ‘Decline or transformation? Change in industrial conflict and its challenges’, Transfer, 4: 485–507.
Borraz, M. (2017) ‘El movimiento feminista prepara una huelga internacional de mujeres para el 8 de marzo’, El Diario, 17 February. Available from: https://www.eldiario.es/sociedad/movimiento-feminista-prepara-internacional-mujeres_1_3577306.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Borraz, M. and Domenech, M. (2015) ‘Una marcha histórica y multitudinaria toma la calle contra la violencia machista’, El Diario, 7 November. Available from: https://www.eldiario.es/sociedad/feminismo-exigir-violencia-machista-cuestion_1_2391918.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Börse am Sonntag (2014) ‘Viel Feind, viel Ärger’, 25 October. Available from: https://www.boerse-am-sonntag.de/spezial/artikel/weselsky.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Boseley, S. and Weaver, M. (2016) ‘Junior doctors’ row: BMA announces three more five-day strikes’, The Guardian, 1 September. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/sep/01/patients-association-national-voices-condemn-planned-five-day-junior-doctors-strike [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Bossavie, L. and Kannine, O. (2018) ‘What explains the gender gap reversal in educational attainment?’, World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper 8303, January 2018. Available from: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/659501516200427470/pdf/What-Explains-the-Gender-Gap-Reversal-in-Educational-Attainment.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Boukalas, C. and Müller, J. (2015) ‘Un-doing labour in Greece: memoranda, workfare and Eurozone “competitiveness”’, Global Labour Journal, 6(3): 390–405.
Brand, U. and Wissen, J. (2013) ‘Crisis and continuity of capitalist society-nature relationships: the imperial mode of living and the limits to environmental governance’, Review of International Political Economy, 20(4): 687–711.
Brandt, T. and Schulten, T. (2008) ‘Liberalisierung und Privatisierung öffentlicher Dienstleistungen und die Erosion des Flächentarifvertrags’, WSI-Mitteilungen, 10: 570–6.
Brie, M. (2009) ‘Ways out of the crisis of neoliberalism’, Development Dialogue, 51: 15–32.
Briggs, H. (2015) ‘Junior doctors’ pay: how does your job compare?’, BBC, 15 October. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-34475955 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Brinkmann, U. and Nachtwey, O. (2013) ‘Industrial relations, trade unions and social conflict in German capitalism’, La Nouvelle Revue de Travail, 3. Available from: https://journals.openedition.org/nrt/1382 [Accessed 8 October 2022].
Brookes, B. (2018) ‘Bartlett, Patricia Maureen’, Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Available from: https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/6b4/bartlett-patricia-maureen [Accessed 12 February 2022].
Brooks, M. and McCallum, J. (2017) ‘The new global labour studies: a critical review’, Global Labour Journal, 8(3): 201–18.
Bruff, I. (2021) ‘The politics of comparing capitalisms’, Economy and Space, 53(6): 1273–92.
Buckel, S. (2015) ‘Dirty capitalism’, in D. Martin, D. Martin and J. Wissel (eds) Perspektiven und Konstellationen kritischer Theorie, Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot, pp 29–48.
Budras, C. and Heeg, T. (2022) ‘Deutsche Bahn riskiert zu viel im Ausland’, FAZ, 4 March. Available from: https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/deutsche-bahn-riskiert-zu-viel-im-ausland-bahnreform-17852991.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Bundestag (2015) ‘Kontroverse Expertisen zum Tarifeinheitsgesetz’. Available from: https://www.bundestag.de/webarchiv/textarchiv/2015/kw19_pa_arbeit_soziales-367818 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Bündnis für unsere Bahn (2020) ‘Bündnis für unsere Bahn’, 26 May. Available from: https://www.deutschebahn.com/resource/blob/6860154/c3e705558b18550c9c97745c1eb2e1fb/Buendnis-Bahn-data.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Burnett, V. (2008) ‘Spain unveils €11 billion economic stimulus package’, New York Times, 27 October. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/27/business/worldbusiness/27iht-peseta.4.18215053.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Burnham, P. (2004) ‘Comparative methodology’, in P. Burnham, K. Gilland, W. Grant and Z. Layton-Henry (eds) Research Methods in Politics, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 58–79.
BVerfG (2017) ‘Das Tarifeinheitsgesetz ist weitgehend mit dem Grundgesetz vereinbar’, press release, 57, 11 July. Available from: https://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2017/bvg17-057.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Calvo González, J.L. (2016) ‘La Gran Recesión en Irlanda y España: Un análisis comparative’, Revista Universitaria Europea, 25: 59–88.
Cámara, J. (2019) ‘Change everything: foundations and challenges of the feminist strike in Spain’, Viewpoint Magazine, 13 May. Available from: https://viewpointmag.com/2019/05/13/change-everything-foundations-and-challenges-of-the-feminist-strike-in-spain/ [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Campbell, D. (2015) ‘Junior doctors condemn new contract they say could cut pay by 40%’, The Guardian, 18 September. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/sep/18/junior-doctors-new-contract-cut-pay-40-per-cent [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Campbell, D. (2016a) ‘Jeremy Hunt to impose new contract on junior doctors’, The Guardian, 6 July. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/jul/06/jeremy-hunt-to-impose-new-contract-on-junior-doctors [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Campbell, D. (2016b) ‘How much is the government really privatising the NHS?’, The Guardian, 15 August. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/15/creeping-privatisation-nhs-official-data-owen-smith-outsourcing [Accessed 15 January 2024].
Campbell, D. (2016c) ‘BMA facing backlash from members over handling of contract dispute’, The Guardian, 26 September. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/sep/26/bma-facing-backlash-from-members-over-handling-of-contract-dispute [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Campbell, D. (2019) ‘Junior doctors agree new contract to end four-year dispute’, The Guardian, 26 June. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/jun/26/junior-doctors-agree-to-82-pay-rise-ending-four-year-dispute [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Campbell, D. and Johnson, S. (2014) ‘NHS strike: clinics close and operations cancelled in dispute over pay’, The Guardian, 13 October. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/oct/13/nhs-strike-dispute-pay-walkout [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Campbell, D. and Johnson, S. (2016) ‘Junior doctors split over deal with Jeremy Hunt to end contract dispute’, The Guardian, 18 May. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/may/18/junior-doctors-bma-jeremy-hunt-agree-deal-end-contract-dispute [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Campillo, I. (2019) ‘“If we stop, the world stops”: the 2018 feminist strike in Spain’, Social Movement Studies, 18(2): 252–58.
Campos Lima, M.P. and Martín Antiles, A. (2011) ‘Crisis and trade union challenges in Portugal and Spain: between general strikes and social pacts’, Transfer, 17(3): 387–402.
Candeias, M. (2004) Neoliberalismus – Hochtechnologie – Hegemonie: Grundrisse einer transnationalen kapitalistischen Produktions- und Lebensweise – Eine Kritik, Hamburg: Argument.
Canfora, L. (2006) Democracy in Europe: A History of an Ideology, Oxford: Blackwell.
Carchedi, G. (1977) On the Economic Identification of Social Classes, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Carreras García, J. (2020) ‘¿Puede el feminism ser un revulsive sindical?’, Laborem, 22: 59–70.
Carter, D.T. (1996) ‘Legacy of rage: George Wallace and the transformation of American politics’, The Journal of Southern History, 62(1): 3–26.
Carver, T. (1998) The Postmodern Marx, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Cassidy, T., Macauly, T. and Soltan, M. (2016) ‘Junior doctors’ all-out strike: voices from the picket lines’, The BMJ, 27 April. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/353/bmj.i2409 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Castells, M. (2010) The Rise of the Network Society, 2nd edn, Hoboken: Wiley, original work published in 1996.
Causa, O., Abendschein, M., Luu, N., Soldani, E. and Soriolo, C. (2021) ‘The post-COVID-19 rise in labour shortages’, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, 1721, 7 July. Available from: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/deliver/e60c2d1c-en.pdf?itemId=%2Fcontent%2Fpaper%2Fe60c2d1c-en&mimeType=pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Centenara, M. (2016) ‘Una mujer es asesinada cada 30 horas en Argentina por violencia machista’, El País, 31 March. Available from: https://elpais.com/internacional/2016/03/31/argentina/1459457396_981225.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Cerrillo Vidal, J.A. (2013) ‘From general strike to social strike: movement alliances and innovative actions in the November 2012 Spanish general strike’, Interface, 5(2): 39–46.
Change.org (2016) ‘Solidarity with junior doctors – no imposition of contracts’. Available from: https://www.change.org/p/jeremy-hunt-mp-we-oppose-jeremy-hunt-s-decision-to-impose-the-junior-contract-on-junior-doctors [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Chapman, B. (2019) ‘UCL strike: hundreds of outsourced cleaners, porters and security guards protest to demand better conditions’, The Independent , 19 November. Available from: www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/ucl-strike-cleaners-security-guards-porters-outsourced-workers-sodexo-axis-a9209296.html [Accessed 20 September 2022].
Chira, S., Abrams, R. and Rogers, K. (2017) ‘“Day without a woman” protest tests a movement’s staying power’, New York Times, 8 March. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/us/a-day-without-a-woman.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Choudhury, S. (2017) ‘Workers’ resistances in the Indian railways and the general strike of May 1974’, Journal of Political Studies, 13: 98–116.
Christophers, B. (2016) ‘Geographies of finance III: regulation and after-crisis financial features’, Progress in Human Geography, 40(1): 138–48.
CIA (2022) The World Fact Book. Available from: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/ [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Cleaver, H. (1995) ‘The subversion of money-as-command in the current crisis’, in W. Bonefeld and J. Holloway (eds) Global Capital, National State and Politics of Money, Houndmills: Palgrave, pp 141–77.
Cleven, T. (2021) ‘Bahn auf Shoppingtour: 2020 waren 521 Töchter und Beteiligungen im Portfolio’, RND, 30 October. Available from: https://www.rnd.de/wirtschaft/deutsche-bahn-auf-shoppingtour-521-toechter-und-beteiligungen-im-portfolio-von-2020-K4J3HM4KNZBPFCVIULSP4Q7KCE.html [Accessed 9 October2022]
CNT (2018) ‘#8M: la huelga que liberó al feminismo’. Available from: https://nosotras.cnt.es/huelga-8m-2018/8m-la-huelga-que-libero-al-feminismo/ [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Cohen, S. (2006) Ramparts of Resistance: Why Workers Lost Their Power and How to Get It Back, London: Pluto.
Collell, E. (2020) ‘La calle mantiene el pulso contra el machismo en el 8-M’. Available from: https://www.elperiodico.com/es/sociedad/20200308/la-calle-mantiene-el-pulso-contra-el-machismo-7880973 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Collier, A. (1994) Critical Realism: An Introduction to Roy Bhaskar’s Philosophy, London: Verso.
Comisión 8M (2017) ‘Argumentario: 8 Marzo 2018’, December. Available from: https://www.feministas.org/IMG/pdf/contenidos_8m-2.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Comisión 8M (2018) ‘Manifiesto 8M: Hacia la Huelga Feminista’. Available from: https://hacialahuelgafeminista.org/manifiesto-8m/ [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Comisión 8M Madrid (2019) ‘Manifiesto comisión feminista 8 de Marzo Madrid’, 4 March. Available from: https://hacialahuelgafeminista.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Manifiesto-8M-2019.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Comisión 8M Madrid (2020) ‘Manifiesto comisión feminista 8 de Marzo Madrid: Revuelta feminista – con derechos, sin barreras – feministas sin fronteras’, 2 March. Available from: https://hacialahuelgafeminista.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Revuelta-feminista.-Manifiesto.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Comisión 8M Madrid (2021) ‘Ante la emergencia social, el feminismo es essencial’. Available from: https://amecopress.net/IMG/pdf/manifiesto_8m_madrid_2021.pdf [Accessed 15 January 2024].
Congostrina, A.L. (2015) ‘2.000 mujeres marchan por Barcelona contra el machismo’, El País, 19 May. Available from: https://elpais.com/ccaa/201w5/05/19/catalunya/1432063053_612717.html?prm=copy_link [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Connolly, H. and Darlington, R. (2012) ‘Radical political unionism in France and Britain: a comparative study of SUD-Rail and the RMT’, European Journal of Industrial Relations, 18(3): 235–50.
Cook, M.L., Dutta, M., Gallas, A., Nowak, J. and Scully, B. (2020) ‘Global labour studies in the pandemic: notes for an emerging agenda’, Global Labour Journal, 11(2): 74–88.
Coordinadora Feminista (2017) ‘Convocatorias 8 de marzo 2017: Día Internacional de las Mujeres’, 23 February. Available from: https://www.feministas.org/convocatorias-8-de-marzo-2017-dia.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Cortavitarte Carral, E. (2011) ‘El movimiento obrero en 2010: El agridulce sabor de la derrota, a pesar de la huelga general del 29 S’, Anuario de Movimientos Sociales. Available from: http://fundacionbetiko.org/portfolio/2010/ [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Cortavitarte Carral, E. (2014) ‘El movimiento obrero en 2013: Más precariedad, menos cobertura social y más desigualdades’, Anuario de Movimientos Sociales. Available from: http://fundacionbetiko.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/El-movimiento-obrero-en-2013.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Crónica Global (2017) ‘Así cuenta la Guardia Urbana de Barcelona los asistentes a una manifestación’, 24 March. Available from: https://cronicaglobal.elespanol.com/vida/cuenta-guardia-urbana-manifestaciones_70241_102.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Crotty, J. and Epstein, G. (1996) ‘In defence of capital controls’, Socialist Register, 32: 118–49.
Crouch, C. (1977) Class Struggle and the Industrial Relations Crisis: Compromise and Corporatism in the Policies of the British State, London: Humanities.
Crouch, C. (2004) Post-Democracy: A Sociological Introduction, Cambridge: Polity.
Crouch, C. (2009) ‘Privatised Keynesianism: an unacknowledged policy regime’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 11: 382–99.
Crowley, T. (2020) ‘This is a revolution, sir’, Jacobin, 12 January. Available from: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/12/general-strike-india-modi-bjp-cpm-bihar [Accessed 16 June 2021].
Cruz, M. (2010) ‘Zapatero rebaja el sueldo a los funcionarios por primera vez en la Historia’, El Mundo, 12 May. Available from: https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2010/05/12/espana/1273649265.html [Accessed 10 August 2022].
Cué, C.E. and Rebossio, A. (2015) ‘Un multitud grita #NiUnaMenos en Argentina contra la violencia machista’, El País, 4 June. Available from: https://elpais.com/internacional/2015/06/03/actualidad/1433356172_949785.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Cué, C.E., Centenara, M., Barreiro, R. and Rivas Molina, F. (2016) ‘Argentina se moviliza contra los más de 200 asesinatos de mujeres anuales’, El País, 20 October. Available from: https://elpais.com/internacional/2016/10/19/argentina/1476905030_430567.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Cuéllar, A. (2019) ‘Qué hacer el 8M si eres hombre’, La Sexta, 8 March. Available from: https://www.lasexta.com/noticias/sociedad/que-hacer-hombre_201903065c8217610cf21ff290ea7c57.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Daily Observer (2018a) ‘State media workers remain off the job’, 28 December. Available from: https://antiguaobserver.com/state-media-workers-remain-off-the-job/ [Accessed 10 October 2022].
Daily Observer (2018b) ‘Workers at state media stage all out strike’, 21 December. Available from: https://antiguaobserver.com/workers-at-state-media-stage-all-out-strike/ [Accessed 10 October 2022].
Danermark, B., Ekström, M., Jakobsen, L. and Karlsson, J.C. (2002) Explaining Society: Critical Realism in the Social Sciences, London: Routledge.
Däubler, W. (2017) ‘Das Gesetz ohne Wirkung’, Junge Welt, 18 July. Available from: https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/314661.das-gesetz-ohne-wirkung.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
DBB (2019) ‘Tarifeinheitsgesetz: dbb legt erneut Verfassungsbeschwerde ein’, 13 March. Available from: https://www.dbb.de/artikel/tarifeinheitsgesetz-dbb-legt-erneut-verfassungsbeschwerde-ein.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
DBK (2022) ‘Katholische Kirche in Deutschland: Zahlen und Fakten 2021/22’, July 2020. Available from: https://www.dbk.de/fileadmin/redaktion/Zahlen%20und%20Fakten/Kirchliche%20Statistik/Allgemein_-_Zahlen_und_Fakten/AH332_BRO_ZuF_2021-2022_WEB.pdf [Accessed 20 September 2022].
Del Bado, S. (2012) ‘Wir müssen zeigen, dass Bündnisse aus sozialen Bewegungen, Gewerkschaften und linken Parteien eine Alternative zum herrschenden System anbieten’, in A. Gallas, J. Nowak. and F. Wilde (eds) Politische Streiks im Europa der Krise, Hamburg: VSA, pp 171–8.
DeManuelle-Hall, J. (2019) ‘“We believe in ferries”: Alaskan ferry workers walk off the job’, Labor Notes, 1 August. Available from: https://labornotes.org/2019/08/we-believe-ferries-alaska-ferry-workers-walk-job [Accessed 20 May 2021].
DeMartino, G. (1999) ‘Global neoliberalism, policy autonomy, and international competitive dynamics’, Journal of Economic Issues, 33(2): 343–9.
Der Spiegel (2014a) ‘Ver.di-Chef Bsirske stellt sich gegen GDL-Boss Weselsky’, 22 October. Available from: https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/ver-di-chef-bsirske-kritisiert-blockade-der-lokfuehrer-a-998672.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Der Spiegel (2014b) ‘Die Zukunft ist gestaltbar’, interview with D. Wetzel, 5 November. Available from: https://www.igmetall.de/politik-und-gesellschaft/die-zukunft-ist-gestaltbar [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Der Spiegel (2014c) ‘Bahn-Kunden droht längster Streik der Geschichte’, 4 November. Available from: https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/service/bahnstreik-kunden-droht-laengster-streik-der-geschichte-a-1000853.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Der Spiegel (2014d) ‘Bahn will möglichst schnell wieder mit der GDL verhandeln’, 7 November. Available from: https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/bahn-unterliegt-vor-gericht-erfolg-fuer-gdl-streik-geht-weiter-a-1001493.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Der Spiegel (2017) ‘Schlichter wenden Bahnstreik ab’, 10 March. Available from: https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/schlichter-wenden-bahn-streik-ab-a-1138167.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Der Spiegel (2021a) ‘SPD-Chef Walter-Borjans kritisiert Lokführerstreik’, 12 August. Available from: https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/spd-chef-walter-borjans-kritisiert-lokfuehrer-streik-a-1572e43c-966d-4277-98fe-662bd49562a0 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Der Spiegel (2021b) ‘Linken-Fraktionschef Bartsch fordert Einschreiten von Merkel’, 31 August. Available from: https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/deutsche-bahn-dietmar-bartsch-verlangt-von-angela-merkel-den-gdl-streik-abzuwenden-a-9e1de813-502d-4cda-a4a4-cc3746415339 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Der Stern (2015) ‘Bahn droht ein neuer Lokführerstreik’, 17 May. Available from: https://www.stern.de/wirtschaft/news/bahnstreik-der-gdl--verhandlungen-abgebrochen---weiterer-streik-wahrscheinlich-6188980.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Dettmer, M. (2021) ‘Weselskys Machtspiel ist gefährlich’, Der Spiegel, 12 August. Available from: https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/deutsche-bahn-und-der-streik-der-lokfuehrer-claus-weselsky-und-sein-gefaehrliches-machtspiel-a-9e1c7015-0ed9-4150-8922-361877f1bc2c [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Deutsche Bahn (2022) ‘Integrierter Bericht 2021’, 31 March. Available from: https://ibir.deutschebahn.com/2021/fileadmin/pdf/DB_IB21_web_01.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Dias, H. and Fernandes, L. (2016) ‘The November 2012 general strike and anti-austerity protests’, Workers of the World, 1(8): 16–38.
Dias, T. (2018) ‘De la Huelga Feminista de 2018 al 8M 2019: movimientos feministas, visiones políticas en disputa y una nota tecnopolítica’, Technopolítica blog, 28 June. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20220627235933/https://tecnopolitica.net/en/content/de-la-huelga-feminista-de-2018-al-8m-2019-y-mas-alla-movimientos-feministas-visiones [Accessed 22 July 2023].
Die Welt (2014) ‘Mit Ersatzfahrplänen und Alternativen in den Lokführerstreik’, 5 November. Available from: https://www.welt.de/regionales/rheinland-pfalz-saarland/article133999124/Mit-Ersatzfahrplaenen-und-Alternativen-in-den-Lokfuehrerstreik.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Díez, A. (20[08]) ‘Zapatero anuncia un plan de austeridad a los 100 días de ganar’, El País, 23 July. Available from: https://elpais.com/diario/2008/07/23/espana/1216764011_850215.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Die Zeit (2013a) ‘Warnstreiks behindern Bahnverkehr’, 18 March. Available from: https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/2013-03/bahn-streik-verspaetungen [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Die Zeit (2013b) ‘Deutsche Bahn und Gewerkschaft einigen sich’, 25 March. Available from: https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/2013-03/tarifstreit-einigung-deutsche-bahn [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Die Zeit (2014a) ‘Zwei Drittel der Fernzüge fallen aus’, 18 October. Available from: https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/2014-10/bahn-streik-lokfuehrer?sort=desc&page=2 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Die Zeit (2014b) ‘Tarifeinheit spaltet DGB’, 14 December. Available from: https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/2014-12/dgb-streit-tarifeinheit-unterschriftenaktion [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Die Zeit (2015a) ‘Wieder Streik bei Amazon: Sechs Logistikzentren betroffen’, 22 June. Available from: www.zeit.de/news/2015-06/22/tarife-wieder-streik-bei-amazon---sechs-logistikzentren-betroffen-22140209 [Accessed 22 March 2022].
Die Zeit (2015b) ‘Opposition nennt neues Tarifgesetz verfassungswidrig’, 22 May. Available from: https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2015-05/tarifeinheitsgesetz-bundestag-die-linke-gruene-kritik [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Die Zeit (2016) ‘Ausgang der Bahn-Tarifrunde offen’, 8 December. Available from: https://www.zeit.de/news/2016-12/08/tarife-ausgang-der-bahn-tarifrunde-offen-08201407 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Die Zeit (2017) ‘Gilt für Gewerkschaften das Recht des Stärkeren?’, 24 January. Available from: https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/2017-01/tarifeinheitsgesetz-bundesverfassungsgericht-verhandlungen-klaus-dauderstaedt-dbb [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Die Zeit (2018) ‘Deutsche Bahn und EVG einigen sich im Tarifstreit’, 15 December. Available from: https://www.zeit.de/mobilitaet/2018-12/bahnstreik-einigung-evg-tarifstreik-gdl [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Die Zeit (2019) ‘Bahn verständigt sich mit Lokführern auf Tarifvertrag’, 4 January. Available from: https://www.zeit.de/mobilitaet/2019-01/tarifeinigung-deutsche-bahn-lokfuehrer-gewerkschaften-gdl-evg [Accessed 9 October 2022].
DLF (2015) ‘Ramelow wirft Bahn “unprofessionelles Vorgehen” vor’, 21 May. Available from: http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/schlichtung-zwischen-bahn-und-gdl-ramelow-wirft-bahn.1818.de.html?dram:article_id=320507 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
DLF (2017) ‘Proteste gegen Personalmangel. Weinende Patienten – wütende Mitarbeiter’, 8 August. Available from: www.deutschlandfunk.de/proteste-gegen-personalmangel-weinende-patienten-wuetende-100.html [Accessed 20 February 2022].
Dogan, M.G. (2010) ‘When neoliberalism confronts the moral economy of workers: the final spring of Turkish labor unions’, European Journal of Turkish Studies, 21 October. Available from: http://journals.openedition.org/ejts/4321 [Accessed 16 February 2020].
Dor, L. and Runciman, C. (2022) ‘Precarious workers and the labour process: problematising the core/non-core’, Global Labour Journal, 13(1): 343–9.
Dörre, K. (2016) ‘Die neue Konfliktformation: Klassen-Kämpfe in fragmentierten Arbeitsbeziehungen’, Industrielle Beziehungen, 23(3): 348–65.
Dörre, K. (2018) ‘A right-wing workers’ movement? Impressions from Germany’, Global Labour Journal, 9(3): 339–47.
Dörre, K., Goes, T., Schmalz, S. and Thiel, M. (2016) Streikrepublik Deutschland? Die Erneuerung der Gewerkschaften in Ost und West, Frankfurt am Main: Campus.
Dribbusch, H. (2018) ‘Das Einfache, das so schwer zu zählen ist: Probleme der Streikstatistik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland’, Industrielle Beziehungen, 25(3): 301–19.
Dribbusch, H. and Birke, P. (2012) ‘Trade unions in Germany: organisation, environment, challenges’, Friedrich Ebert Foundation, May. Available from: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id-moe/09113-20120828.pdf [Accessed 29 July 2021].
Dribbusch, H. and Birke, P. (2019) ‘Trade unions in Germany: challenges in a transition’, Friedrich Ebert Foundation, April. Available from: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/15399.pdf [Accessed 29 July 2021].
Druciarek, M. (2016) ‘After abortion law protest, what stands in the way of gender equality in Poland?’, World Politics Review, 21 October. Available from: https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/after-abortion-law-protest-what-stands-in-the-way-of-gender-equality-in-poland/?one-time-read-code=39207166612288952046 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Dukes, R. and Kountouris, N. (2016) ‘Pre-strike ballots, picketing and protest: banning industrial action by the back door?’, Industrial Law Journal, 45(3): 337–62.
DW (2013) ‘Erstmals Streiks bei Amazon’, 14 May. Available from: www.dw.com/de/erstmals-streiks-bei-amazon/a-16810614 [Accessed 12 February 2022].
DW (2016) ‘Women go on “Black Monday” strike in Poland against abortion ban’, 3 October. Available from: https://www.dw.com/en/women-go-on-black-monday-strike-in-poland-against-abortion-ban/a-35947232 [Accessed 9 October 2022].
DW (2018) ‘Deutsche Bahn stellt Fernverkehr vorrübergehend ein’, 10 December. Available from: https://www.dw.com/de/deutsche-bahn-stellt-fernverkehr-vor%C3%BCbergehend-ein/a-46661473 [Accessed 18 May 2021].
DW (2020) ‘Belarus strike action begins’, 26 October. Available from: https://www.dw.com/en/belarus-strike-action-begins/a-55396530 [Accessed 20 May 2021].
Dymski, G.A. (2009) ‘Racial exclusion and the political economy of the subprime crisis’, Historical Materialism, 17: 149–79.
The Economist (1999) ‘The sick man of the Euro’, 5–11 June, pp 21–3.
EFE (2019) ‘General strike in South Africa to protest unemployment, electricity crisis’, 13 February. Available from: www.efe.com/efe/english/world/general-strike-in-south-africa-to-protest-unemployment-electricity-crisis/50000262-3896724 [Accessed 12 February 2022].
Effose, S. (2021) ‘Financial empowerment for married women in France: the matrimonial regime reform of 13th July 1965’, Quaderni storici, 166: 117–41.
Ege, M. and Gallas, A. (2019) ‘The exhaustion of Merkelism: a conjunctural analysis’, New Formations, 96(96): 89–131.
Eichengreen, B. (1996) Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
EKD (2020) ‘Statistik über Beschäftigte’, August. Available from: https://www.ekd.de/ekd_de/ds_doc/Bericht_Besch%c3%a4ftigte_2020.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
El Confidencial (2020) ‘¿Por qué este 8 de marzo no hay huelga? El feminismo se manifiesta pero sin paros’, 8 March. Available from: https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2020-03-08/huelga-feminista-8marzo_2477683/ [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Elgot, J. (2015) ‘Thousands rally in London to protest junior doctor contract – as it happened’, The Guardian, 17 October. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/live/2015/oct/17/junior-doctors-protest-against-contract-proposals-live?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-56226f7fe4b094f6bf347e5b#block-56226f7fe4b094f6bf347e5b [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Elk, M. (2018) ‘The teachers’ strikes prove it: the media is finally seeing America’s new labor landscape’, The Guardian, 28 April. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/apr/28/us-teachers-strikes-workers-labor-unions [Accessed 2 July 2021].
Elliott, V. (2018) ‘Thinking about the coding process in qualitative data analysis’, The Qualitative Report, 23(11): 2850–61.
El Mundo (2010) ‘Así queda la reforma laboral: despido más barato y mayor control a los parados’, 10 September. Available from: https://www.elmundo.es/mundodinero/2010/09/09/economia/1284042795.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
El País (2010) ‘Las manifestaciones cierran una jornada de huelga desigual’, 29 September. Available from: https://elpais.com/elpais/2010/09/28/actualidad/1285661849_850215.html [Accessed 20 October 2021].
El País (2011) ‘Escaso seguimiento de la huelga general contra la reforma de las pensiones’, 27 January. Available from: https://elpais.com/elpais/2011/01/27/actualidad/1296119819_850215.html [Accessed 20 October 2021].
El País (2012a) ‘Las manifestaciones cierran la jornada de huelga en la educación’, 22 May. Available from: https://elpais.com/sociedad/2012/05/22/actualidad/1337668996_700737.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
El País (2012b) ‘Cientos de miles de manifestantes cierran la protesta de la huelga general del 14-N’, 14 November. Available from: https://elpais.com/politica/2012/11/13/actualidad/1352838703_548795.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
El País (2013) ‘Segunda jornada de huelga general en educación’, 9 May. Available from: https://elpais.com/sociedad/2013/05/09/album/1368083591_873673.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
El País (2017) ‘Día Internacional de la Mujer 2017: Manifestación del 8 de marzo’, 9 March. Available from: https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/03/08/actualidad/1488970669_451889.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
El Salto (2019) ‘8 de marzo de 2019: El feminismo es imparable’, 8 March. Available from: https://www.elsaltodiario.com/huelga-feminista/8-de-marzo-de-2019-el-feminismo-es-imparable [Accessed 9 October 2022].
El-Sharif, Y. (2014) ‘Deutschlands dümmste Gewerkschaft’, Der Spiegel, 17 October. Available from: https://www.piegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/lokfuehrer-gdl-gewerkschaft-provoziert-gesetz-zur-tarifeinheit-a-995541.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Engelhardt, A. (2017) ‘Know your rights: Portugal zwischen Verfassungsaktivismus und sozialen Bewegungen: Die Staatskrise 2013 aus Sicht der materialistischen Bewegungsforschung’, Kritische Justiz, 50(4): 417–33.
Enzensberger, H.M. (1991) ‘Ways of walking: postscript to utopia’, in R. Blackburn (ed) After the Fall: The Failure of Communism and the Future of Socialism, London: Verso, pp 18–24.
Erhardt, M. (2019) ‘Keine Bahnstreiks bis 2021’, Deutschlandfunk, 4 January. Available from: https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/tarifeinigung-mit-der-gdl-keine-bahnstreiks-bis-100.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Eribon, D. (2009) Returning to Reims, Los Angeles: Semiotext(e).
Esping-Anderson, G. (1990) Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge: Polity.
Esser, J. (1982) Gewerkschaften in der Krise, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Esser, J., Fach, W. and Väth, W. (1983) Krisenregulierung: Zur politischen Durchsetzung ökonomischer Zwänge, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Estanque, E., Costa, H.A. and Soeiro, J. (2013) ‘The new global cycle of protest and the Portuguese case’, Journal of Social Science Education, 12(1): 31-40.
Esteve, A., Schwartz, C.R., Van Bavel, J., Permanyer, I., Klesment, M. and Garcia, J. (2016) ‘The end of hypergamy: global trends and implications’, Population and Development Review, 42(4): 615–65.
Europa Press (2020) ‘Las manifestaciones feministas vuelven este domingo a toda España por el #8M’, 6 March. Available from: https://www.europapress.es/epsocial/igualdad/noticia-manifestaciones-feministas-vuelven-domingo-toda-espana-8m-20200306181824.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Express (2017) ‘“Keine Einheit bei Tarifeinheit”: Stimmen zum Verfassungsgerichtsurteil’, July, p 4.
Fantasia, R. (1988) Cultures of Solidarity: Consciousness, Action, and Contemporary American Workers, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Farrow, A. (2017) ‘Cleaners strike for equality at university in London’, Socialist Worker, 21 March. Available from: socialistworker.co.uk/news/cleaners-strike-for-equality-at-university-in-london/ [Accessed 20 March 2022].
FAZ (2015a) ‘Längster Streik der Bahn-Geschichte hat begonnen’, 5 May. Available from: https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/streiks-bei-bahn-und-lufthansa/lokfuehrer-beginnen-fuenftaegigen-streik-im-personenverkehr-13574982.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
FAZ (2015b) ‘Einigung im Tarifstreit zwischen GDL und Bahn’, 1 July. Available from: https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/streiks-bei-bahn-und-lufthansa/einigung-im-tarifstreit-zwischen-gdl-und-bahn-13678767.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Ferragut, M. (2018) ‘El 8M es un hecho histórico, marcará un antes y un después’, Diario de Mallorca, 7 March. Available from: https://www.diariodemallorca.es/mallorca/2018/03/07/8m-hecho-historico-marcara-despues-3252865.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Ferrero, Á. (2019) ‘Barcelona se convierte en un clamor masivo contra las condenas del Supremo’, Público, 18 October. Available from: www.publico.es/politica/sentencia-proces-barcelona-convierte-clamor-masivo-condenas-supremo.html [Accessed 23 March 2022].
Flinders, M. (2005) ‘The politics of public-private partnerships’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 7: 215–19.
Foucault, M. (1989) The Archaeology of Knowledge, London: Routledge, original work published in 1972.
Fraad, H., Resnick, S. and Wolff, R. (1994) Bringing It All Back Home: Class, Gender & Power in the Modern Household, London: Pluto
Franzosi, R. (1995) The Puzzle of Strikes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fraser, N. (2017) ‘From progressive neoliberalism to Trump – and beyond’, American Affairs. Available from: https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2017/11/progressive-neoliberalism-trump-beyond/ [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Frege, C.M. and Kelly, J. (eds) (2004) Varieties of Unionism: Strategies for Union Revitalization in a Globalizing Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Frey, D.F. (2017) ‘Conflict over conflict: the right to strike in international law’, Global Labour Journal, 8(1): 17–31.
Frese, A. (2014a) ‘Tarifeinheit für Mindestlohn: Der DGB in der Zwickmühle’, Der Tagesspeigel, 14 May. Available from: https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wirtschaft/der-dgb-in-der-zwickmuhle-3562468.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Frese, A. (2014b) ‘Regierung will Tarifeinheit per Gesetz’, Der Tagesspiegel, 5 October. Available from: https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wirtschaft/wort-halten-3591994.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Frese, A. (2015a) ‘GDL gegen Deutsche Bahn’, Der Tagesspiegel, 21 April. Available from: https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wirtschaft/zehn-monate-streit-keine-einigung-6890407.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Frese, A. (2015b) ‘DGB-Chef Hoffmann über den Streik der Lokführer’, Der Tagesspiegel, 20 May. Available from: https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wirtschaft/weselsky-will-keinen-kompromiss-und-keine-kooperation-8126290.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Frese, A. (2021a) ‘Ärger bei der Bahn: Gewerkschafter Weselsky für Personalabbau’, Der Tagesspiegel, 14 March. Available from: https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wirtschaft/gewerkschafter-weselsky-fur-personalabbau-7760173.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Frese, A. (2021b) ‘Die GDL spaltet die Belegschaft’, interview with R. Hoffmann, Der Tagesspiegel, 20 August. Available from: https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wirtschaft/die-gdl-spaltet-die-belegschaft-4271269.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Frese, A. (2021c) ‘Ein Gewerkschaftsboss kämpft ums Überleben’, Der Tagesspiegel, 10 August. Available from: https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wirtschaft/ein-gewerkschaftsboss-kampft-ums-uberleben-4269667.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Friedman, M. (1962) Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Frindert, J., Dribbusch, J. and Schulten, T. (eds) (2022) ‘WSI Arbeitskampfbilanz: Normalisierung des Arbeitskampfgeschehens im zweiten Jahr der Pandemie’, WSI Report, 74, April. Available from: https://www.wsi.de/fpdf/HBS-008309/p_wsi_report_74_2022.pdf [Accessed 10 October 2022].
Fukuyama, F. (1992) The End of History and the Last Man, New York: The Free Press.
Fulton, L. (2021) ‘United Kingdom’, Worker Participation, ETUI. Available from: https://www.worker-participation.eu/National-Industrial-Relations/Countries/United-Kingdom/Workplace-Representation [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Furnivall, D., Bottle, A. and Aylin, P. (2018) ‘Retrospective analysis of the national impact of industrial action by English junior doctors in 2016’, BMJ Open, 8(1).
Gago, A. (2012) ‘La clase trabajadora hoy y la lucha contra la crisis’, La Hiedra, 14 February. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20160803144250/http://lahiedra.info/la-clase-trabajadora-hoy-y-la-lucha-contra-la-crisis/ [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Gago, A. (2013) ‘Los sindicatos mayoritarios españoles, CCOO y UGT, ante la crisis económica: ¿Declive o revitalización?’, in S. Aguilar (ed) Anuari del Conflicte Social 2012, Barcelona: Observatori del Conflicte Social, pp 1075–104.
Gago, V. (2018) ‘#WeStrike: notes toward a political theory of the feminist strike’, South Atlantic Quarterly, 117(3): 660–9.
Galdón Corbella, C. (2018) ‘Cosmovisiones feministas en clave generacional: Del movimiento 15M a la Huelga Feminista del 8M’, Encrucijadas, December. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/6754579.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Gall, G. (2012) ‘Quiescence continued? Recent strike activity in nine Western European economies’, Economic and Industrial Democracy, 34(4): 667–91.
Gallas, A. (2008) ‘Kapitalismus ohne Bourgeoisie: Die “Gentlemanly Association” und der englische Block an der Macht, in U. Lindner, J. Nowak and P. Paust-Lassen (eds) Philosophieren unter anderen: Beiträge zum Palaver der Menschheit, Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot, pp 263–87.
Gallas, A. (2010) ‘Brothers in Arms: Zur politischen Strategie der britischen Koalitionsregierung’, links-netz blog, November. Available from: http://old.links-netz.de/K_texte/K_gallas_brothers.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Gallas, A. (2011) ‘Singing in the Rain. Nach dem Arabischen Frühling ein britischer Sommer’, links-netz, November. Available from: http://old.links-netz.de/K_texte/K_gallas_riots.html [Accessed 9 October 2022].
Gallas, A. (2013) ‘Did things really get better? Ein Rückblick auf “New Labour”’, Zukunft, January, pp 24–30.
Gallas, A. (2015) ‘The three sources of anti-socialism: a critical inquiry into the normative foundations of F.A. Hayek’s politics’, Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialtheorie und Philosophie, 2(1): 182–99.
Gallas, A. (2016) The Thatcherite Offensive: A Neo-Poulantzasian Analysis, Leiden: Brill.
Gallas, A. (2018) ‘The politics of striking: on the shifting of dynamics of workers’ struggles in Britain’, in J. Nowak, M. Dutta and P. Birke (eds) Workers Movements and Strikes in the Twenty-First Century: A Global Perspective, London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp 237–54.
Gallas, A. (2019) ‘Klassen’, in C. von Braunmühl, H. Gerstenberger, R. Ptak and C. Wichterich (eds) ABC der globalen (Un)Ordnung, Hamburg: VSA, pp 136–7.
Gallas, A. (2020) ‘Mass strikes in a global conjuncture of crisis: a Luxemburgian analysis’, in V. Satgar (ed) Brics and the New American Imperialism: Global Rivalry and Resistance, Johannesburg: Wits University Press, pp 182–202.
Gallas, A. and Nowak, J. (2012) ‘Agieren aus der Defensive: Ein Überblick zu politischen Streiks in Europa mit Fallstudien zu Frankreich und Großbritannien’, in A. Gallas, J. Nowak and F. Wilde (eds) Politische Streiks im Europa der Krise, Hamburg: VSA, pp 24–106.
Gallas, A., Nowak, J. and Wilde, F. (eds) (2012) Politische Streiks im Europa der Krise, Hamburg: VSA.