3:
This chapter shows how various actors cooperated and competed to shape the 2011–21 higher education (HE) reform during the Union Solidarity and Development Party (President Thein Sein’s party, which won the 2010 elections) and National League for Democracy (State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi’s party, which won the 2015 elections) governments. In doing so, it analyses the policy and legislative work leading up to the 2014 ‘New Education Law’ (NEL) and subsequent ‘National education strategic plan – 2016/21’. This chapter demonstrates that President Thein Sein advanced a vision of HE that was more transformative for society at large than the one advanced by State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi. Her approach coupled an elitist vision of education with a very carefully crafted policy meant to deter possible mass, collective action. What reform progress universities were able to make was thus due mainly to the space for agency opened by President Thein Sein and the resilient work of teachers and student activists. The chapter analyses occasions in which the views of student politics clashed with state authority, mainly the 2014/15 protest against the NEL and the 2019/20 protests against the University of Yangon centenary celebrations.
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