‘Good at math’: Andrew Yang, Asian Americans and racialized campaign rhetoric

Authors:
Richard Johnson Queen Mary University of London, UK

Search for other papers by Richard Johnson in
Current site
Google Scholar
Close
and
Neil Visalvanich Durham University, UK

Search for other papers by Neil Visalvanich in
Current site
Google Scholar
Close
Restricted access
Get eTOC alerts
Rights and permissions Cite this article

Racial minority candidates have often been encouraged to deploy racially neutral rhetoric in their appeals to voters beyond their own racial group. Developed in the US with African American candidates in mind, this strategy, known as ‘deracialization’, was premised on the idea that white voters held negative stereotypes about racial minority candidates. In this article, we argue that many of the premises of the deracialization strategy do not hold when it comes to Asian American candidates. While Asian Americans are victims of racial prejudice, many stereotypes about Asian Americans are positive, sometimes collectively known as the ‘model-minority myth’. In this article, we explore how Andrew Yang, an Asian American candidate for president of the US and mayor of New York City, deployed racially coded campaign rhetoric. Rather than downplay his racial identity, Yang highlighted it, both explicitly and implicitly, in his rhetoric. Although Yang’s candidacy was primarily centred around a policy issue – universal basic income – his racial identity was an acknowledged and celebrated part of his campaign rhetoric.

  • Bateson, R. (2020) Strategic discrimination, Perspectives on Politics, 18(4): 106887, doi: 10.1017/s153759272000242x

  • Bishop, T. and Soper, T. (2019) In Seattle, presidential hopeful Andrew Yang calls on Amazon to admit job loss from automation, Geek Wire, 4 May.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bobo, L. (2001) Racial attitudes and relations at the close of the twentieth century, in N. Smelser, W.J. Wilson and F. Mitchell (ed) America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences, vol 1, National Academies Press, pp 26999.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bowden, J. (2019) Yang: I’m the opposite of Trump, an Asian man who likes math, The Hill, 31 July, https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/455639-yang-im-the-opposite-of-trump-an-asian-man-who-likes-math/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bowler, S. and Segura, G. (2011) The Future is Ours: Minority Politics, Political Behavior, and the Multiracial Era of American Politics, Sage.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Burden, B.C. (2004) Candidate positioning in US congressional elections, British Journal of Political Science, 34: 21127, doi: 10.1017/s000712340400002x

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chan, N., Nguy, J. and Masuoka, N. (2022) The Asian American vote in 2020: indicators of turnout and vote choice, Political Behavior, 46: 63155. doi: 10.1007/s11109-022-09844-9

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chang, G.H. (2001) Asian Americans and Politics: Perspectives, Experiences, Prospects, Stanford University Press.

  • Cho, W.T. (1999) Naturalization, socialization, and participation: immigrants and (non-)voting, Journal of Politics, 61(4): 114055. doi: 10.2307/2647557

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chou, R.S. and Feagin, J.R. (2008) The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism, Paradigm Publishers.

  • DeNavas-Walt, C., Richardson, M.E. and Stringfellow, M.A. (2010) Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, US Census Bureau, Current Population Reports (60-238).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Friedman, M. (1962) Capitalism and Freedom, University of Chicago Press.

  • Gilens, M. (1999) Why Americans Hate Welfare, University of Chicago Press.

  • Graumann, Z. (2022) Longshot: How Political Nobodies Took Andrew Yang National–and the New Playbook That Let Us Build a Movement, BenBella Books.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hajnal, Z.L. and Lee, T. (2011) Why Americans Don’t Join the Party: Race, Immigration, and the Failure of Political Parties to Engage the Public, Princeton University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hamilton, C. (1977) Deracialization: Examination of a Political Strategy, First World.

  • Hamilton, C. (1992) The politics of deracialization in the 1990s, in L. Barker (ed) Ethnic Politics and Civil Liberties, Routledge, pp 1758.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Harris, A. (2020) What Biden owes black voters, The Atlantic, 11 November.

  • Johnson, L. (2014) Race in the color-blind era: deracialization and black elected officials, Sociology Compass, 8(9): 110011, doi: 10.1111/soc4.12179

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Johnson, R. (2017a) Hamilton’s deracialization: Barack Obama’s racial politics in context, Du Bois Review, 14(2): 62138, doi: 10.1017/s1742058x17000182

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Johnson, R. (2017b) Racially polarised partisanship and the Obama presidency, in E. Ashbee and J. Dumbrell (eds) The Obama Presidency and the Politics of Change, Palgrave Macmillan, pp 16180.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kao, J. (2023) Where New York’s Asian neighborhoods shifted to the right, New York Times, 5 March, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/03/05/nyregion/election-asians-voting-republicans-nyc.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kelly, J. (2023) The irresistible comedic value of Trump, Financial Times, 29 June, https://www.ft.com/content/68892c3d-f839-425e-842d-6da860483998?shareType=nongift.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kim, C.J. (1999) The racial triangulation of Asian Americans, Politics Society, 27(107): 10538, doi: 10.1177/0032329299027001005

  • Lach, E. (2021) Andrew Yang’s ideas on universal basic income earned him fans, The New Yorker, 23 January, https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/andrew-yangs-ideas-on-universal-basic-income-earned-him-fans-but-can-he-win-votes.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lee, T. (2000) Racial attitudes and the color line(s) at the close of the twentieth century, in P.M. Ong (ed) The State of Asian Pacific America: Transforming Race Relations, LEAP/UCLA Asian Pacific American Public Policy Institute, 45778.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Leung, V. (2022) Asian American candidate preferences, Political Behavior, 44: 175988, doi: 10.1007/s11109-020-09673-8

  • Li, R. and Jones, B. (2020) Why do immigrants participate less than native-born citizens? A formative years explanation, Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics, 5(1): 6291. doi: 10.1017/rep.2019.22

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Magni, G. and Reynolds, A. (2023) Candidate identity and campaign priming: analyzing voter support for Pete Buttigieg’s presidential run as an openly gay man, Political Research Quarterly, 77(1): 18498, doi: 10.1177/10659129231194325

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mays, J.C. (2021) Adams baselessly insists his rivals are trying to suppress Black people’s votes, New York Times, 21 June, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/21/nyregion/eric-adams-voter-suppression.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mercieca, J. (2020) Demagogue for President: The Rhetorical Genius of Donald Trump, Texas A&M University Press.

  • Miller, W. and Stokes, D. (1963) Constituency influence in Congress, American Political Science Review, 57(1): 4556. doi: 10.2307/1952717

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ngo, E. (2021) A look at Andrew Yang’s record of entrepreneurship shows ups and downs, Spectrum News, 5 March.

  • Nordin, D. (2012) From Edward Brooke to Barack Obama: African American Political Success, University of Missouri Press.

  • Orey, B. and Ricks, B. (2007) A systematic analysis of the deracialization concept, in G. Persons (ed) Expanding the Boundaries of Black Politics, Routledge, 32534.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Perry, H. (1996) Race, Politics, and Governance in the United States, University Press of Florida.

  • Peterson-Withorn, C. (2019) Andrew Yang is not nearly as rich as you’d think, Forbes, 19 November, https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2019/11/19/andrew-yang-is-not-nearly-as-rich-as-youd-think/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Price, M. (2016) The Race Whisperer: Obama and the Political Uses of Race, New York University Press.

  • Raychaudhuri, T. (2018) The social roots of Asian American partisan attitudes, Politics, Groups, and Identities, 6(3): 389410, doi: 10.1080/21565503.2018.1494009

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Santiago, A.L.H. (2020) Bloomberg’s plan to win over Latino voters, City & State New York, 5 February.

  • Stevens, M. (2019) At a historic moment for Asian-American candidates, Andrew Yang leans in, New York Times, 22 May, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/us/politics/andrew-yang-2020-asian-candidates.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Stevens, M. (2020) What it was like to work for Andrew Yang, New York Times, 7 February, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/07/us/politics/what-it-was-like-to-work-for-andrew-yang.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Stone, W.J., Sandy Maisel, L. and Lowman, T.C. (2012) Boehner’s dilemma: a tempest in a Tea Party?, in M.D. Brewer (ed) The Parties Respond: Changes in American Parties and Campaigns, Westview Press, pp 21335.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Stout, C. (2015) Bringing Race Back In, University of Virginia Press.

  • Sullivan, K. (2019) Andrew Yang was groomed for a high-paying job at an elite law firm, Washington Post, 28 October, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/28/andrew-yang-was-groomed-high-paying-job-an-elite-law-firm-he-lasted-five-months/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Summers, J. (2020) Bernie Sanders’ campaign could provide lessons for Latino outreach, National Public Radio, 29 May, https://www.npr.org/2020/05/29/864383155/bernie-sanders-campaign-could-provide-lessons-for-biden-latino-outreach.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tam, W. (1995) Asians: a monolithic voting bloc?, Political Behavior, 17(2): 22349. doi: 10.1007/BF01498815

  • Trindade, L.V. and Acevodo, C.R. (2023) From model minority to outsiders: COVID-19 and the surge of anti-Chinese sentiment, International Journal of Humanities, Social Science, and Management, 3(4): 25465.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Visalvanich, N. (2017) Asian candidates in America: the surprising effects of positive racial stereotyping, Political Research Quarterly, 70(1): 6881, doi: 10.1177/1065912916674273

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Visalvanich, N. and Sriram, S.K. (2022) Imperative patriotism and minority candidacies: examining the role of military status in racial evaluations of South Asian candidates, Political Research Quarterly, 76(1): 4459, doi: 10.1177/10659129211069175

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wang, A. (2019) The downside of Andrew Yang’s jokes about knowing a lot of Asian American doctors, Washington Post, 16 September, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/09/16/downside-andrew-yangs-jokes-about-knowing-lots-asian-american-doctors/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wilson, D.C. and Brown-Dean, K.L. (2012) Great(er) expectations: the double-edged sword of deracialization, in M. Mitchell and D. Covin (eds) Charting the Range of Black Politics, Transaction.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wong, J. (2005) Mobilizing Asian American voters: a field experiment, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 601(1): 10214. doi: 10.1177/0002716205278450

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wong, J., Karthick Ramakrishnan, S., Lee, T. and Junn, J. (2011) Asian American Political Participation: Emerging Constituents and Their Political Identities, Russell Sage Foundation.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wu, F. (2003) Yellow: Race in America beyond Black and White, Basic Books.

  • Xu, J. (2005) Why do minorities participate less? The effects of immigration, education, and electoral process on Asian American voter registration and turnout, Social Science Research, 34(4): 682702, doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.11.002

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Yang, A. (2018) The War on Normal People, Hachette.

  • Yang, A. (2019) He could be the first Asian president of the United States’, Next Shark, 3 May, https://nextshark.com/andrew-yang-first-asian-president.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Young, M.M. (2019) Is Andrew Yang the anti-Trump, Harvard Crimson, 21 February.

Richard Johnson Queen Mary University of London, UK

Search for other papers by Richard Johnson in
Current site
Google Scholar
Close
and
Neil Visalvanich Durham University, UK

Search for other papers by Neil Visalvanich in
Current site
Google Scholar
Close

Content Metrics

May 2022 onwards Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 1458 1458 101
Full Text Views 47 47 27
PDF Downloads 49 49 27

Altmetrics

Dimensions

Global Discourse
An interdisciplinary journal of current affairs