Beyond the law and the outlaws: anarchafeminism and Rote Zora

Author:
Christos Marneros Royal Holloway University of London, UK

Search for other papers by Christos Marneros in
Current site
Google Scholar
Close
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4667-2454
Restricted access
Get eTOC alerts
Rights and permissions Cite this article

The radical-feminist, urban-guerrilla group, Rote Zora (Red Zora), operated in West Germany between 1974 and 1995 and was responsible for several bombings and arsons. The attacks were aimed against those the group considered as ideological enemies; these ‘enemies’ were targeted because they were promoting and engaging in sexist practices and reactionary politics to maintain and extend the hegemony of the capitalist, imperialist and patriarchal society of the West.

The article aims to contribute to the emerging discussion, and hopefully to give some visibility to the important tradition of anarchafeminism. As such, by means of a close reading of Rote Zora’s interviews, communiqués and actions, I want to highlight the importance that these texts may have in advancing and enriching an anarchafeminist theory and practice that can oppose different forms of oppression, coming both from the apparent enemies (the law, patriarchy, the state, capitalism, the police) and from the enemy within (any tendencies of domination and/or the neglect of certain groups and sensitivities within radical groups themselves).

  • Agamben, G. (2019) Creation and Anarchy: The Work of Art and the Religion of Capitalism, A. Kotsko (trans) Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bakunin, M. (1964) Power and authority, in G.P. Maximoff (ed and trans) The Political Philosophy of Bakunin: Scientific Anarchism, New York: Free Press of Glencoe, pp 24855.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Barclay, H. (2003) The State, London: Freedom Press.

  • Bayer, O. (2009) Foreword, in M. Schiller (ed), L. Munro (trans) Remembering the Armed Struggle: Life in Baader-Meinhof, London: Zidane Press, pp vix.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Becker, J. (2014) Hitler’s Children: The Story of The Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Gang, London: Lume Books.

  • Benjamin, W. (1986) Critique of violence, in P. Demetz (ed), E. Jephcott (trans) Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings, New York: Schocken Books, pp 277300.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bottici, C. (2021) Anarchafeminism, London: Bloomsbury.

  • Brown, L.S. (1995) Beyond feminism: anarchism and human freedom, in H.J. Ehrlich (ed) Reinventing Anarchy, Again, Edinburgh: AK Press, pp 14954.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dark Star Collective (ed) (2012) Quiet Rumours: An Anarcha-Feminist Reader, Edinburgh: AK Press.

  • Dorlin, E. (2022) Self-Defense: A Philosophy of Violence, K. Aarons (trans), London: Verso.

  • Fanon, F. (2001) The Wretched of The Earth, C. Farrington (trans) London: Penguin Modern Classics.

  • Flick, R. (2011) Anarcha-feminism, The Anarchist Library, https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/ruby-flick-anarcha-feminism.

  • Gelderloos, P. (2007) How Nonviolence Protects the State, Cambridge, MA: South End Press.

  • Goldman, E. (1970) Living My Life, vol 1, New York: Alfred A Knopf.

  • Goldman, E. (2017) Anarchism and Other Essays, New York: Dover.

  • Hardt, M. (2023) The Subversive Seventies, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  • Hemmings, C. (2005) Telling feminist stories, Feminist Theory, 6(2): 11539. doi: 10.1177/1464700105053690

  • Irene (2021) La Terreur Féministe: Petit Éloge du Féminisme Extrémiste, Quimperlé: Divergences.

  • Karcher, K. (2016) From student riots to feminist firebombs: debates about ‘counterviolence’ in the West German student movement and women’s movement, Women in German Yearbook, 32: 5075. doi: 10.5250/womgeryearbook.32.2016.0050

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Karcher, K. (2017) Sisters in Arms: Militant Feminisms in the Federal Republic of Germany Since 1968, Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kropotkin, P. (1946) The State: Its Historic Role, London: Freedom Press.

  • Kropotkin, P. (1975) Law and authority, in E. Capouya and K. Tompkins (eds) The Essential Kropotkin, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 2743.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Loizidou, E. (2018) Love, law, anarchy, in T. Zartaloudis (ed) Law and Philosophical Theory: Critical Intersections, New York: Rowman & Littlefield, pp 16782.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Loizidou, E. (2019) What is law?, in C. Levy and S. Newman (eds) The Anarchist Imagination: Anarchism Encounters the Humanities and the Social Sciences, London: Routledge, pp 181193. doi: 10.4324/9781315693163

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Loizidou, E. (2022) Anarchism: An Art of Living Without Law, London: Routledge.

  • Marcuse, H. (1969) Repressive tolerance, in R.P. Wolff, B. Moore Jr. and H. Marcuse (eds) A Critique of Pure Tolerance, Boston: Beacon Press, pp 95137.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Marneros, C. (2021) It is a nomos very different from the law: on anarchy and the law, Folia Iuridica, 96: 12539. doi: 10.18778/0208-6069.96.10

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Marneros, C. (2024) Legal form and the anarchist critique of the law, in P. Tacik, C. Cercel and G.G. Fusco (eds) Legal Form and The End of Law: Pashukanis’s Legacy, London: Routledge, pp 20319.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Meinhof, U. (2008) Everybody Talks About The Weather… We Don’t: The Writings of Ulrike Meinhof, K. Bauer (trans and ed) New York: Seven Stories Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Moldovi, R-M. (2009) Friendship in Die rote Zora und ihre Bande and Peter Pan, MA thesis, University of Tennessee, https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=utk_gradthes.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Moncourt, A. and Smith, J. (eds) (2009) The Red Army Faction: A Documentary History, Projectiles for the People, vol 1, Montreal: Kersplebedeb and PM Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Newman, S. (2012) Anarchism and law: towards a post-anarchist ethics of disobedience, Griffith Law Review, 21(2): 30729. doi: 10.1080/10383441.2012.10854742

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Newman, S. (2016) Post-Anarchism, Cambridge: Polity Press.

  • Newman, S. and La Torre, M. (2024) The Anarchist Before the Law: Law Without Authority, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

  • Red Army Faction (2010) The Urban Guerrilla Concept, A. Moncourt and J. Smith (trans) Montreal: Kersplebedeb.

  • Revolutionäre Zellen and Rote Zora (2016) Arm the spirit for revolutionary resistance: the Revolutionary Cells and Rota Zora, https://armthespiritforrevolutionaryresistance.wordpress.com/2016/12/30/the-revolutionary-cells-and-rote-zora-rz/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rote Zora (1993) Mili’s Tanz auf dem Eis, http://www.freilassung.de/div/texte/rz/milis/milis1.htm.

  • Rote Zora (2012) Interview with Rote Zora, in Dark Star Collective (ed) Quiet Rumours: An Anarcha-feminist Reader, Edinburgh: AK Press, pp 11519.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schiller, M. (2009) Remembering the Armed Struggle: Life in Baader-Meinhof, L. Munro (trans) London: Zidane Press.

  • Schürmann, R. (1987) Heidegger on Being and Acting: From Principles to Anarchy, C.M. Gros (trans), Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Solanas, V. (2016) SCUM Manifesto, London: Verso.

  • Spiegel International (2008) The attack on Rudi Dutschke: a revolutionary who shaped a generation, https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/the-attack-on-rudi-dutschke-a-revolutionary-who-shaped-a-generation-a-546913.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Stirner, M. (2017) The Unique and Its Property, W. Landstreicher (trans and ed) Middletown, DE: Underworld Amusements.

  • Vague, T. (1994) Televisionaries: The Red Army Faction Story, 1963–93, Edinburgh: AK Press.

  • Wittig, M. (1971) Les Guérillères, D. Le Vay (trans) New York: Viking Press.

Christos Marneros Royal Holloway University of London, UK

Search for other papers by Christos Marneros in
Current site
Google Scholar
Close
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4667-2454

Content Metrics

May 2022 onwards Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 43 43 0
Full Text Views 12673 12673 11
PDF Downloads 283 283 9

Altmetrics

Dimensions