The possibilities and pitfalls of adapting the Capability Approach to explore how gender norms are constitutive of parents’ care capabilities

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Clare Matysova University of Leeds, UK

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Research Article
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© Author 2025
Online Publication Date:
04 Mar 2025
Pages:
53–77
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Bristol University Press
Volume/Issue:
Volume 1: Issue 1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1332/30333660Y2024D000000005
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Parental leave policies provide possibilities to progress gender justice and more equal sharing of care during a child’s early years. The UK’s Shared Parental Leave (SPL) policy, introduced in 2015, provides such opportunities yet there has been limited uptake. Structural explanations for low uptake include poor wage replacement and restrictive eligibility criteria. However, less is known about how gender norms shape parents’ real opportunities to use SPL.

The Capability Approach (CA) (Sen, 2009a), as employed within social policy scholarship, provides possibilities to evaluate parents’ care capabilities when planning care. There are, however, challenges in identifying what an individual sees as imaginable within a normative context.

Offering theoretical innovation, I combine the CA with a discursive conceptualization of gender to theorize how gender norms are constitutive of parents’ care capabilities. Blurring the distinction between gender norms theorized as a conversion factor, and as constitutive of parents’ capabilities, extends analysis of the UK’s SPL policy as a (normative) means differentially productive of what is imaginable to parents. Employing dialogical narrative analysis enabled examination of how gendered parenting norms shape parents’ decision making.

This article sets out the possibilities and pitfalls of adapting the CA to explore how gender norms are constitutive of parents’ care capabilities and relationalities. I draw on my PhD empirical study to illustrate my conceptual framework and exemplify the interaction between parents’ multiple care capabilities within a couple dyad. I also consider ethical implications of rhetorical work at play through parents’ narratives in which ‘no-one’s meaning is final’ (Frank, 2012: 99).

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Clare Matysova University of Leeds, UK

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Cover Gender and Justice
Gender and Justice