Between 1968 and 2010 more than one thousand groups and many more individuals on the left of the political spectrum were targeted by intrusive police surveillance.
This intervention gives an overview of what has become known as the Spycops scandal and the active role of the grassroot movements that were spied on, while focusing on the authors’ own organisation, the Undercover Research Group.
It explores how a critical approach to the Undercover Policing Inquiry had been productive, while conceding that misgivings about engagement are understandable and valid as well.
This paper also considers how the impact of this mode of policing are still being felt today and discusses whether the current hostile environment for protesters makes a reoccurrence of these abuses more likely.
Alison, B., Helen Steel, L. and Naomi (2022) Deep Deception: The Story of the Spycop Network, By the Women Who Uncovered the Shocking Truth, London: Penguin.
Andrew, C. (2010) The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, London: Penguin.
Aston, V. (2018) Conceptualising surveillance harms in the context of political protest: privacy, autonomy and freedom of assembly, https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/72627/1/Valerie_Aston_PhD_Thesis.pdf.
BBC (2018) Undercover policing inquiry: chairman urged to quit, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43487941.
Brian, C. (2020) Spy, shred and repeat, https://undercoverresearch.net/2020/04/11/spy-shred-and-repeat/.
Brian, C. (2021) Police spies, broken lives and one of the UK’s longest-running public inquiries, The Bristol Cable, https://thebristolcable.org/2021/06/police-spies-special-demonstration-squad-undercover-policing-inquiry-spycops-mark-kennedy-marco-jacobs-bristol/.
Burton, F. and Carlens, P. (1979) Official Discourse: On Discourse Analysis, Government Publications, Ideology and the State, London: Routledge Kegan Paul, pp 34, 48.
Campaign Opposing Police Surveillance (2019) Undercover Policing Trade Union Conference, http://campaignopposingpolicesurveillance.com/2019/07/11/undercover-policing-trade-unions-conference/.
Counsel for the Inquiry (2023) Counsel to the Inquiry’s Opening Statement for Tranche 1 Modules 2b and 2c, Undercover Policing Inquiry, https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/20230127-CTIs_M2B-C_Opening_Statement.pdf.
Ellison, M. (2014) The Stephen Lawrence Independent Review, Vol 1, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/stephen-lawrence-independent-review.
Evans, R. (2022) Scale of police spying on UK leftist party was Orwellian, Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/may/12/scale-of-police-spying-on-uk-leftist-party-was-orwellian-inquiry-hears.
Evans, R. and Lewis, P. (2015) Undercover: The True Story of Britain’s Secret Police, London: Guardian Books.
Gillet, R. (2014) Drax coal case shows police cannot be trusted to investigate themselves, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2014/jan/29/drax-coal-case-police.
Greenhall, O. (2023) Anti-apartheid protestors’ convictions quashed after 50 years, https://www.gardencourtchambers.co.uk/news/anti-apartheid-protestors-convictions-quashed-after-50-years.
Griffin, N.S. (2020) Everyone was questioning everything: understanding the derailing impact of undercover policing on the lives of UK environmentalists, Social Movement Studies, doi: 10.1080/14742837.2020.1770073.
Hadjimatheou, K. (2017) Neither confirm nor deny: secrecy and disclosure in undercover policing, Criminal Justice Ethics, 36(3): 279–96, doi: 10.1080/0731129X.2018.1424756.
Home Office (2022) Policy paper: Criminal damage to memorials, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/police-crime-sentencing-and-courts-bill-2021-factsheets/police-crime-sentencing-and-courts-bill-2021-criminal-damage-to-memorials-factsheet.
Intelligence and Security Committee (2022) Extreme right-wing terrorism, house of commons, https://isc.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/E02710035-HCP-Extreme-Right-Wing-Terrorism_Accessible.pdf.
Investigatory Powers Tribunal (2021) Wilson v (1) Commissioner of police of the metropolis (2) National police chiefs’ council, https://investigatorypowerstribunal.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IPT-11-167-H-Judgment-on-Disclosure.pdf.
Investigatory Powers Tribunal (2022) Wilson v (1) Commissioner of police of the metropolis (2) National police chiefs’ council, https://www.ipt-uk.com/judgments.asp?id=61.
Jessica (2020) The man I thought was my boyfriend was an undercover cop sent to spy on me, Huffington Post, https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/spy-cops-undercover-police-relationships_uk_5e591355c5b60102210f7867.
Lubbers, E. (2019) Undercover research: academics, activists and others investigate political policing, in A. Choudry (ed) Activists and the Surveillance State, London: Pluto Press.
Lubbers, E., O’Driscoll, D., Cutcher, N., Wild, R. and Woodman, C. (2016) Special Branch files, http://specialbranchfiles.uk/.
May, T. (2015) Written statement made by: the secretary of State for the Home Department (Mrs Theresa May) on 12 March 2015, https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/commons-vote-office/March-2015/12-March-2015/31.HOME-Undercover-policing.pdf.
McClean, D. (2022) Small Town Girl, London: Hachette Publishing.
Metropolitan Police Service Branch (1978) Minute sheet enclosing memoranda discussing the arrest and conviction of HN13, https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/20801791-mps-0526784.
Metropolitan Police Special Branch (1966) Special Branch (records section) guidance, https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23711110-mps-0748349.
MI5 (1968) Note for file regarding a meeting where mention is made of a new ‘special squad’ set up in Special Branch, https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/20428437-ucpi0000030046.
MI5 (1975) Subversive activities in schools, https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22048227-ucpi0000034698.
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, The Rt Hon Oliver Dowden CBE MP, and The Rt Hon Robert Jenrick MP (2021) New legal protection for England’s heritage, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-legal-protection-for-england-s-heritage.
O’Driscoll, D. (2018) Operation aeroscope, undercover research group, http://specialbranchfiles.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/URG-Operation-Aeroscope-A4-optimised.pdf.
O’Driscoll, D. (2020) Opening statement, Undercover policing inquiry, https://www.ucpi.org.uk/publications/opening-statement-from-donal-odriscoll/.
Police Spies Out of Lives (2020) Live reading of UCPI transcript with Maxine Peake, Wednesday 18 November, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPolj9iFGxs&t=2080s.
Police Spies Out of Lives (2023) Conversation with ‘Lindsey’.
Press Association (2014) Doreen Lawrence: hold public inquiry into police spying or we’ll sue, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/feb/28/doreen-lawrence-police-spying-inquiry.
Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (2000) https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/23/contents.
R v Bard (Theo) and Ors (2014) [2014] EWCA Crim 463 [2014].
Rodríguez, J., Garcia, G. and Bou, D.B. (2023) Dani, el segon talp d’estat per espiar l’activisme, La Directa, https://directa.cat/dani-el-segon-talp-destat-per-espiar-lactivisme/.
Schlembach, R. (2019) A blue cloak of invisibility: deviant knowledge and #spycops policing, in E.L. Hart, J. Greener and R. Moth (eds) Resist the Punitive State: Grassroots Struggles Across Welfare, Housing, Education and Prisons, London: Pluto Press.
Scraton, P. (2003) From deceit to disclosure, in J. Pratt and G. Gilligan (eds) Official Inquiry, Discourse, Knowledge, Cullompton: William Publishing, pp 46–66.
Smith, D. (2020) Opening statement, blacklist support group, undercover policing inquiry, https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/20201105-Opening_Statement-Blacklist_Support_Group.pdf.
Undercover Policing Inquiry (nd) Who is involved: core participants, https://www.ucpi.org.uk/who-is-involved/.
Undercover Research Group (2017) Was my friend a #Spycop? https://undercoverresearch.net/was-my-friend-a-spycop/.
Undercover Research Group (2018a) Mark Kennedy, https://powerbase.info/index.php/Mark_Kennedy.
Undercover Research Group (2018b) Marco Jacobs (alias), https://powerbase.info/index.php/Marco_Jacobs_(alias).
Undercover Research Group (2018c) Lynn Watson (alias), https://powerbase.info/index.php/Lynn_Watson_(alias).
Undercover Research Group (URG) (2015) Undercover research portal, https://powerbase.info/index.php/UndercoverResearch_Portal.
Van Veeren, E. (2018) Secrecy as Security Composition: Covert Manhunting and Meaning Making in the US ‘Shadow War’, Working paper No. 02–2018, Bristol: University of Bristol, pp 10, http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/spais/documents/Secrecy%20as%20security%20composition_Van%20Veeren.pdf.
Williams, R. (2014) The police were spying on me rather than looking for Ricky’s killers’ – Sukhdev Reel, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/aug/27/the-police-were-spying-on-me-rather-than-looking-for-rickys-killers-sukhdev-reel.
Wilson, K. (2021) After spycops case the Met is beyond redemption, Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/sep/30/kate-wilson-after-spy-cops-case-the-met-is-beyond-redemption.
Wilson, R. and Adams, I. (2015) Special Branch: A History: 1883–2006, London: Biteback Publishing.
May 2022 onwards | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 129 | 129 | 0 |
Full Text Views | 83 | 83 | 56 |
PDF Downloads | 59 | 59 | 22 |