Digital platforms for the co-creation of public value
This article provides a theoretical understanding of the potential contribution of digital platforms to the co-creation of public value. On the basis of insights from different academic disciplines, a layered model is developed for the relations between technology, governance, users and societal outcomes. The theoretical model proposes that these layers can result in basic configurations – consistent combinations of the four elements – but also hybrid configurations. We identify three basic configurations: (1) a closed platform controlled by a private sector organisation, (2) an open platform controlled by a government organisation and (3) an open platform run by a civil society organisation. The configurations are illustrated with examples of digital platforms from all over the world. The configurational understanding of digital platforms for the co-creation of public value provides the basis for a systematic analysis of these rapidly growing practices in countries around the world.
-
Abbott, K.W., Genschel, P., Snidal, D. and Zangl, B. (2016) Two logics of indirect governance: Delegation and orchestration, British Journal of Political Science, 46(4): 719–29.
-
Acquier, A., Daudigeos, T. and Pinkse, J. (2017) Promises and paradoxes of the sharing economy: an organizing framework, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 125: 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2017.07.006
-
Al-Ani, A. (2017) Government as a platform: services, participation and policies, in A. Kamalipour, Y. and M. Friedrichsen (eds) Digital Transformation in Journalism and News Media: Media Management, Media Convergence and Globalization, Boston, MA: Springer International Publishing, pp 179–96.
-
Alford, J. (2009) Engaging Public Sector Clients: From Service-Delivery to Co-Production, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
-
Alford, J. and Hughes, O. (2008) Public value pragmatism as the next phase of public management, The American Review of Public Administration, 38(2): 130–48. doi: 10.1177/0275074008314203
-
Ansell, C. and Miura, S. (2019) Can the power of platforms be harnessed for governance?, Public Administration, 98(1): 261–76. doi: 10.1111/padm.12636
-
Ansell, C. and Gash, A. (2012) Stewards, mediators, and catalysts: toward a model of collaborative leadership, Innovation Journal, 17(1): article 7.
-
Barabasi, A.L. (2003) Linked: How Everything is Connected to Everything Else and What it Means, New York: Plume.
-
Barrett, M., Oborn, E. and Orlikowski, W. (2016) Creating value in online communities: the sociomaterial configuring of strategy, platform, and stakeholder engagement, Information Systems Research, 27(4): 704–23. doi: 10.1287/isre.2016.0648
-
Bekkers, V. (2003) E-government and the emergence of virtual organizations in the public sector, Information Polity, 8(3/4): 89–101.
-
Boudreau, K.J., Lacetera, N. and Lakhani, K.R. (2011) Incentives and problem uncertainty in innovation contests: an empirical analysis, Management Science, 57(5): 843–63. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.1110.1322
-
Bryson, J.M., Crosby, B.C. and Bloomberg, L. (2014) Public value governance: moving beyond traditional public administration and the new public management, Public Administration Review, 74(4): 445–56. doi: 10.1111/puar.12238
-
Da Conceição Rossini, P.G. and de Oliveira, V.V. (2016) E-democracy and collaborative lawmaking: the discussion of the political reform in Brazil, International Journal of Communication, 10(21): 4620–40.
-
Dahlander, L. and Magnusson, M.G. (2005) Relationships between open source software companies and communities: Observations from Nordic firms, Research Policy, 34(4): 481–93. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2005.02.003
-
De Kerckhove, D. (2001) The Architecture of Intelligence, Basel: Springer Science and Business Media.
-
Deibert, R.D. (1997) Parchment, Printing and Hypermedia, New York: Columbia University Press.
-
Dewey, J. (1927) The Public and Its Problems, Chicago, IL: Swallow Press.
-
Dunn, E. and Hann, C. (1996) Civil Society: Challenging Western Models, London: Routledge.
-
Edwards, A.R. and de Kool, D. (2015) Kansen En Dilemma’s Van Digitale Democratie: Wat Kan Digitale Burgerbetrokkenheid Betekenen Voor Het Nederlandse Parlement, The Hague: Rathenau Instituut.
-
Franke, N. and Shah, S. (2003) How communities support innovative activities: an exploration of assistance and sharing among end-users, Research Policy, 32(1): 157–78. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00006-9
-
Frenken, K. and Schor, J.B. (2017) Putting the sharing economy into perspective, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 23(June): 3–10, http://doi.org/10.1016/J.EIST.2017.01.003. doi: 10.1016/j.eist.2017.01.003
-
Frost, J. and Massagli, M. (2008) Social uses of personal health information within PatientsLikeMe, an online patient community: what can happen when patients have access to one another’s data, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 10(3): e15. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1053
-
Gawer, A. (2014) Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms: toward an integrative framework, Research Policy, 43(7): 1239–49, doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2014.03.006.
-
Grabher, G. and Ibert, O. (2013) Distance as asset? Knowledge collaboration in hybrid virtual communities, Journal of Economic Geography, 14(1): 97–123. doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbt014
-
Grabher, G., Ibert, O. and Flohr, S. (2008) The neglected king: the customer in the new knowledge ecology of innovation, Economic Geography, 84(3): 253–80. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-8287.2008.tb00365.x
-
Hagiu, A. and Wright, J. (2015) Multi-sided platforms, Harvard Business School Working Paper, pp 15–37.
-
Hagiu, A. and Yoffie, D.B. (2009) What’s your Google strategy?, Harvard Business Review, 87(4): 74–81.
-
Henderson, J.C. and Venkatraman, N. (1993) Strategic alignment: leveraging information technology for transforming organizations, IBM Systems Journal, 32(1): 4–16. doi: 10.1147/sj.382.0472
-
Howells, J. (2006) Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation, Research policy, 35(5): 715–28.
-
Hutchby, I. (2001) Conversation and Technology: From the Telephone to the Internet, Cambridge: Polity.
-
Hyysalo, S., Juntunen, J.K. and Martiskainen, M. (2018) Energy internet forums as acceleration phase transition intermediaries, Research Policy, 47(5): 872–85. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2018.02.012
-
Janssen, M. and Estevez, E. (2013) Lean government and platform-based governance: doing more with less, Government Information Quarterly, 30: S1–S8. doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2012.06.009
-
Janssen, M. and Klievink, B. (2012) Can enterprise architectures reduce failure in development projects?, Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 6(1): 27–40. doi: 10.1108/17506161211214804
-
Jukic, T. and Merlak, M. (2017) The use of social networking sites in public administration: the case of Slovenia, Electronic Journal of E-Government, 15(1): 2.
-
Keinz, P., Hienerth, C.. and Lettl, C. (2012) Designing the organization for user innovation, Journal of Organization Design, 1(3): 20–36.
-
Kenney, M. and Zysman, J. (2015) Choosing a future in the platform economy: the implications and consequences of digital platforms, Discussion paper at Kauffman Foundation New Entrepreneurial Growth Conference, 18–19 June, Amelia Island, FL, pp 156–60.
-
Kenney, M. and Zysman, J. (2016) The rise of the platform economy, Issues in Science and Technology, 32(3): 61–9.
-
Kenney, M., Rouvinen, P., Seppälä, T. and Zysman, J. (2019) Platforms and industrial change, Industry and Innovation, 26(8): 871–9.
-
Koppenjan, J.F.M. and Klijn, E.H. (2004) Managing Uncertainties in Networks: A Network Approach to Problem Solving and Decision Making, London: Routledge.
-
Kornberger, M., Pflueger, D. and Mouritsen, J. (2017) Evaluative infrastructures: accounting for platform organization, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 60(C): 79–95. doi: 10.1016/j.aos.2017.05.002
-
Kreijveld, M. (2010) Unlocking the full potential of the crowd: a government perspective, in R. in ‘t Veld (ed) Knowledge Democracy, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, pp 63–72.
-
Lakhani, K.R., Boudreau, K.J., Loh, P.R., Backstrom, L., Baldwin, C., Lonstein, E. and Guinan, E.C. (2013) Prize-based contests can provide solutions to computational biology problems, Nature Biotechnology, 31(2): 108. doi: 10.1038/nbt.2495
-
Lember, V., Brandsen, T. and Tõnurist, P. (2019) The potential impacts of digital technologies on co-production and co-creation, Public Management Review, 21(11): 1665–86, doi: 10.1080/14719037.2019.1619807.
-
Lerner, J. and Tirole, J. (2002) Some simple economies of open source, Journal of Industrial Economics, 50(2): 633–49.
-
Linders, D. (2012) From e-government to we-government: defining a typology for citizen coproduction in the age of social media, Government Information Quarterly, 29(4): 446–54.
-
Lüthje, C. (2004) Characteristics of innovating users in a consumer goods field: an empirical study of sport-related product consumers, Technovation, 24(9): 683–95.
-
Meijer, A.J. (2011) Networked coproduction of public services in virtual communities, Public Administration Review, 71(4): 598–607. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02391.x
-
Meijer, A.J. (2012) Co-production in an information age: individual and community engagement supported by new media, Voluntas, 23: 1156–72. doi: 10.1007/s11266-012-9311-z
-
Meijer, A. and Potjer, S. (2019) Citizen-generated open data: an explorative analysis of 25 cases, Government Information Quarterly, 35(4): 613–21. doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2018.10.004
-
Meijer, A.J., Lips, M. and Chen, K. (2019) Open governance: a new paradigm for understanding urban governance in an information age, Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2019.00003.
-
Mergel, I. and Desouza, K.C. (2013) Implementing open innovation in the public sector: the case of Challenge.gov, Public Administration Review, 73(6): 882–90. doi: 10.1111/puar.12141
-
Moore, M.H. (1995) Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
-
Moore, M.H. (2014) Public value accounting: establishing the philosophical basis, Public Administration Review, 74(4): 465–77. doi: 10.1111/puar.12198
-
Nutt, P.C. (2000) Decision-making success in public, private and third sector organizations: finding sector dependent best practice, Journal of Management Studies, 37(1): 77–108.
-
O’Reilly, T. (2010) Government as a platform, in D. Lathrop and L. Ruma (eds) Open Government: Collaboration, Transparency, and Participation in Practice, San Francisco, CA: O’Reilly Media, pp 11–40.
-
Osborne, S.P. (2018) From public service-dominant logic to public service logic: are public service organizations capable of co-production and value co-creation?, Public Management Review, 20(2): 225–31. doi: 10.1080/14719037.2017.1350461
-
Ostrom, E. (1990) Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-
Oudshoorn, N. and Pinch, T. (eds) (2003) How Users Matter: The Co-construction of Users and Technologies, New Baskerville, MA: The MIT Press.
-
Perez, O., Bar-Ilan, J., Gazit, T., Aharony, N., Amichai-Hamburger, Y. and Bronstein, J. (2018) The prospects of e-democracy: an experimental study of collaborative e-rulemaking, Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 15(3): 278–99.
-
Prahalad, C.K. and Ramaswamy, V. (2004) The Future of Competition: Co-creating Unique Value with Customers, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Press.
-
Ramaswamy, V. and Ozcan, K. (2016) Brand value co-creation in a digitalized world: an integrative framework and research implications, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 33(1): 93–106. doi: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2015.07.001
-
Raymond, E.S. (1999) The cathedral and the bazaar, Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 12(3): 23–49. doi: 10.1007/s12130-999-1026-0
-
Rochet, J.C. and Tirole, J. (2003) Platform competition in two-sided markets, Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(4): 990–1029. doi: 10.1162/154247603322493212
-
Scaraboto, D. (2015) Selling, sharing, and everything in between: the hybrid economies of collaborative networks, Journal of Consumer Research, 42(1): 152–76, http://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucv004. doi: 10.1093/jcr/ucv004
-
Sabel, C.F. and Zeitlin, J. (2008) Learning from difference: the new architecture of experimentalist governance in the EU, European Law Journal, 14(3): 271–327.
-
Stewart, D. (2005) Social status in an open-source community, American Sociological Review, 70(5): 823–42. doi: 10.1177/000312240507000505
-
Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J. (2009) Making governance networks effective and democratic through metagovernance, Public Administration, 87(2): 234–58.
-
Torfing, J., Sørensen, E. and Røiseland, A. (2019) Transforming the public sector into an arena for co-creation: barriers, drivers, benefits, and ways forward, Administration & Society, 51(5): 795–825. doi: 10.1177/0095399716680057
-
Van Dijck, J. (2013) The Culture of Connectivity:A Critical History of Social Media, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
Van Dijck, J., Poell, T. and De Waal, M. (2018) The Platform Society: Public Values in A Connective World, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
Van der Voet, J., Groeneveld, S. and Kuipers, B.S. (2014) Talking the talk or walking the walk? The leadership of planned and emergent change in a public organization, Journal of Change Management, 14(2): 171–91.
-
Van Oost, E., Verhaegh, S. and Oudshoorn, N. (2008) From innovation community to community innovation: user-initiated innovation in wireless Leiden, Science, Technology & Human Values, 34(2): 182–205.
-
Von Hippel, E. (1988) The Sources of Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
Von Hippel, E. (2005) Democratizing Innovation, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
-
Von Hippel, E. and von Krogh, G. (2003) Open source software and the ‘private-collective’ innovation model: issues for organization science, Organization Science, 14(2): 209–23. doi: 10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992
-
Voorberg, W.H., Bekkers, V.J. and Tummers, L.G. (2015) A systematic review of co-creation and co-production: embarking on the social innovation journey, Public Management Review, 17(9): 1333–57. doi: 10.1080/14719037.2014.930505
-
Wicks, P., Vaughan, T.E., Massagli, M.P. and Heywood, J. (2011) Accelerated clinical discovery using self-reported patient data collected online and a patient-matching algorithm, Nature Biotechnology, 29(5): 411. doi: 10.1038/nbt.1837
| May 2022 onwards | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 49 | 49 | 49 |
| PDF Downloads | 43 | 43 | 43 |
We are a leading social science publisher
committed to making a difference.
Bristol University Press and
Policy Press
bristoluniversitypress.co.uk