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Resilience is often presented as a concept that is taken for granted but this is another concept that can be quite slippery. This chapter compares ideas about resilience as something that some have and others do not with ideas that position it along a continuum and as something which is a dynamic process. The relationship between the individual, the family and the community is important here but it has to be considered within a broader framework. Resilience affords the scope to explore the concept that young people are snowflakes, something which we reject.
This chapter provides a description of the resources that the eco-conscious households interviewed for this book have available to them to get things done in everyday life, and a description of the factors that constrain them. Households draw upon a variety of resources to get things done in everyday life, but these resources can be simplified to three major overlapping categories: money, time, and know-how. However, these resources are not limitless. In particular, households describe making decisions on a foundation of limited time and limited money, with time constraints by far the most common concern of my informants. Households are also constrained by social and cultural norms, particularly around cleanliness. Finally, information about sustainability and sustainability practices can be difficult to find, and in some cases accurate information is not available at all.
Risk can often be presented as something that is harmful for children and young people but this chapter considers that without risk our development may be adversely affected. The chapter considers a range of issues around risk from the idea of paranoid parents to our inability to assess risk rationally in presenting ideas about what a concern with risk means in a social context. We recognise that children and young people actively negotiate risks but that they often exist in a policy framework which does not recognise that and where removing immediate risks often exacerbates long-term risks such as health.
This chapter starts by distinguishing safeguarding from child protection and illustrates how, as governments have changed, our practice has changed also. It is noted how ideas related to social inequalities result in different outcomes for children. The consideration of safeguarding is extended by considering ideas, legislation and technologies relating to sexual activity and the contradictory issues raised in relation to selfies and the possession of indecent images. The chapter ends by using cases of child abuse to explore managerialism and practice with children.
Prisoners’ families remain silent victims due to their association with the person criminalised and imprisoned. Many families are likely Black Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals, given that BAME prisoners are disproportionately represented in prison, despite representing only 14 per cent of the general UK population (Farmer, 2017). Frontline support in the community is essential; it should be included and considered within policy and governmental initiatives. Drawing on our frontline practitioner roles at Himaya Haven CIC, this chapter outlines culturally specific and gendered challenges facing BAME women and children supporting male imprisoned relatives. This is achieved through three themes: 1) Blame and stigma, 2) Financial difficulties, and 3) Children and young people’s experiences. Recommendations for inter-agency interaction and multi-agency partnerships/working are proposed.
This chapter provides definitions of the state, legislation and of policy, as well as discussing how states operate, and considers how policy is put into practice by bodies such as local authorities. It also refers to supra-national bodies such as the European Union. The chapter talks about how the state exists as a framework within which we have rights and explores issues relating to rights and how this relates to power, including how we may deny rights to certain groups and what this means for children. It uses the example of seeing children as becomings rather than beings to justify actions aimed at children.
There is growing recognition that women perpetrate intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) for reasons other than self-defence. This is reflected in increasing numbers of women entering the criminal justice system for IPVA-related offences. To understand more about these issues, interviews were conducted with 15 women in prison for an IPVA-related offence. Analysis revealed that perpetration of IPVA was often motivated by a need to take back control, an anticipation of being hurt in relationships and cyclical, negative dynamics of their interpersonal relationships. Women’s behaviour was situated against a backdrop of complex trauma and chaotic living situations. Theoretical explanations must incorporate the impact of trauma and mental health issues as perpetuating factors, and interventions offered should be trauma-informed.
This second volume from the Women, Family, Crime and Justice (WFCJ) network draws attention to current, real-life issues relating to the experiences, perceptions and social and criminal justice environments for women and families. The current edited collection has a dual focus: the punishment of women in the criminal justice system and violence, abuse and justice experiences. The first theme explores punishments experienced by pregnant prisoners, within an English women’s centre and by ‘BAME’ women supporting incarcerated loved ones. The second theme examines abusive relationships for LGB and/or T+ people, abuse perpetrated by imprisoned women and online misogyny. This unique collection brings together the voices, research and experience of academics, practitioners and service users. In doing so, it outlines the diverse and varied social injustices that continue to trouble those in our communities affected by the criminal justice system.
Discourse is used to demonstrate arguments around children being naturally vulnerable and to offer a critical approach to demonstrate that vulnerability is forged within a particular set of social structures and ideas which position children in a certain way. This moves on to ideas about need and to the ways in which vulnerability comes to be seen as an inevitable aspect of poverty. This is used to explore how children differ and to consider that age and development take place within a social and policy context.
Having established that the state acts on children and families in accordance with political ideologies, this chapter develops an understanding of how ideologies are put into practice with a focus on aspects of the welfare state and in demonstrating that governments may sometimes appear to be contradictory when it comes to ideology. This also enables a critical consideration of the welfare state by considering how gender is seen in respect of families and the ways in which need comes to play an important role.
