Index

Publication Date:
28 Jan 2022
Pages:
230–238
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51952/9781447352167.bm003
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References to figures appear in italic type. References to endnotes show both the page number and the note number (94n7).

A

accommodation 2, 149
in making of health policy 144–145
medicine and the state 69
and need to regulate medical practice 16
and organisational professionalism 175–176
strategy 150–151
within professions 19–20
accountability 55, 57, 74–77, 90–94, 136–137, 148, 170, 188
Accountable Care Organisation (ACO) model 187
agency 164
conception of 3–4
expression of 28, 61, 138, 140, 145, 146–154
in healthcare reforms 7–8, 21–22, 21
government 146–151
governments as agent of reform 5–6
legal dimension of 8–10
medical profession 151–157
medical profession as an agent of reform 4–7
political dimension of 10–13
Ahmed, Humayun 170
alliance 54, 84, 129, 156, 157, 188
alternate payment plan (APPs) 72, 87
ambulatory care 39
artificial intelligence (AI) 1–2
assistant president and executive directors (APED) 48
Association des jeunes médecins du Québec (AJMQ) see Quebec Association of Young Doctors
Association médicale du Québec (AMQ) see Quebec Medical Association
Association of General Practitioners of Quebec (FMOQ) see Fédération des médecins omnipraticiens du Québec
Association of Medical Residents of Quebec (FMRQ) see Fédération des médecins résidents du Québec
Association of Medical Specialists of Quebec (FMSQ) see Fédération des médecins spécialistes du Québec
autonomy, professional 4, 10, 15, 17, 22, 155, 157, 167, 170
in healthcare system reform in England 96, 99, 106, 109, 111, 113, 122–124, 130, 135
in healthcare system reform in Ontario 63, 65, 73, 82, 88–90
in healthcare system reform in Quebec 33, 35, 36, 40, 46, 48, 51, 53–59

B

Bank of Canada 71
Barrette, Gaétan 44, 60–61
Barrette reform 35, 44, 46, 48, 150, 173
Bégin, Monique 30, 66
Bevan, Aneurin 97–100, 102, 103, 106, 121–123, 124, 125, 154, 155
Beveridge Report 121, 142
Bill 5 (Health Insurance Organisation Act) 64, 83
Bill 6 (Medical Services Insurance Act) 63
Bill 8 (Commitment to the Future of Medicare Act) 74, 89
Bill 22 (Health Disciplines Act) 65, 83
Bill 26 (Savings and Restructuring Act) 72, 73, 86–87, 88, 94n22–23, 95n41
Bill 43 (Regulated Health Professions Act) 70, 91
Bill 46 (Excellent Care for All Act) 77, 91
Bill 50 (Expenditure Control Plan Statute Law Amendment Act) 71, 86
Bill 55 (Medicine Act) 70
Bill 94 (Health Care Accessibility Act) 68–69, 84
Bill 104 (Physician Payment Review Act) 76
Bill 127 (Expanded Nursing Services for Patients Act) 74, 88
Bill 135 (Medical Association Dues Act) 70, 85
Bill 136 (Medical Services Insurance Act) 62–63
Bill 171 (Health System Improvements Act 9 76
Bill 179 (Regulated Health Professions Statute Law Amendment Act) 76, 90, 95n29
Bill 184 (Health Insurance Act) 65
Blair, Tonny 108, 112, 114, 132, 133
Bolduc, Yves 44
Bourassa, Robert 31–32
Brexit 119, 137
Bristol Royal Infirmary 111, 134
British Dental Association 98
British Hospital Association 98
British Medical Association (BMA) 11, 96, 107, 110, 112, 116, 118, 120, 123–127, 137, 187
1942 policy approval 97, 122
1959 10- year investment plan 101
1966 agreement 101
accepting NHS plan 99
accusing Clarke 108
accused for conservatisms 114
approaching STPs 119
Beveridge plan and 121
opposed to idea of practise outside the NHS 134
opposition to free- for- all universalism 97
targeting market approach in proposal 115
see also England, healthcare system of
British Medical Journal (BMJ) 25, 110, 125, 127, 130, 133–135
Brown, Gordon 114, 132
bureaucratic control 17, 36, 52–54, 59, 69, 85, 103, 168

C

Cameron, David 116, 118, 119
Cameron, James 101, 110
Canada 29–31, 173, 181
austerity agenda 56
authoritative instruments 149
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 9
case studies in, selection of 23–24
cross-province consultation in Canada 37
egalitarian approach in 172
federal context in 29–31
federal contribution 52, 56, 66
federal health transfers 39, 90
legal instruments analysis 172
legislative competencies in 24, 29
territorial health insurance plans 29
wage and price controls 66
see also Quebec, healthcare system of ; Ontario, healthcare system of
Canada Health Act (CHA) 30, 53, 63, 67–69, 84–85, 91, 173
Canadian Hospital Association 65
Canadian Medical Association (CMA) 11, 65, 78, 89, 91, 158, 185
Bill 20, position on 46–47
opposing the creation of PFHS 143
as political force 93
supporting unions 153
Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA) 77
Canadian Nurses’ Association 65
Caplan, Elinor 69
Care Quality Commission (CQC) 112, 118
Castle, Barbara 103, 126
Castonguay, Claude 32, 34, 35, 36
Castonguay Commission 32, 34, 49, 50
Chambers, Paul 101
Chaoulli vs Québec case 43–44, 59
Charter for Family Doctors 126
Chris, Stephen 80
Clair Commission report 40–41, 43, 58
Clarke, Kenneth 105–108, 113, 116, 130, 131, 135
Clegg, Nick 116
Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) 115–116, 118, 187
Coalition of Family Physicians of Ontario 74, 75, 88
Coalition of Ontario Doctors 80–81, 93
coercion 61, 140, 149, 164, 166, 168, 172–174
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CPSO) 65, 70, 76–77, 85, 90
College of Physicians of Quebec (CMQ) 31–32, 35, 43, 45, 48
Commission for Health Improvement 112
Commission of Inquiry on Health and Social Welfare 32
‘Common Sense Revolution’ 70–71, 86
communist nature of Medicare plan 64
Community Care Bill (1990) 108
Community Health Clinics (CHCs) 65–67, 84
compliance 6, 10, 15, 21, 141, 150, 166–168, 171, 174
comprehensive health system 9, 28, 30, 32, 49, 75, 97, 121
compromise 5, 20, 60, 62, 81, 83, 120, 122, 136, 142, 152, 157–159
consultations 35, 46, 47, 55, 64, 69, 74, 77, 88, 98, 116, 123, 138
Bevan against prior 122
Clarke avoiding 107
cross- province consultation 37
minimal 156
NHS Future Forum 117
parliamentary 45, 48
public 112
remote 184
contestation 11, 85, 110, 140, 189
Côté, Marc-Yvan 38
Couillard, Philippe 41, 44
Couillard reforms 42–43, 59
Council of Medical Doctors, Dentists and Pharmacists (CMDP) 35–36, 45, 48
COVID-19 context 183–184
Crane, Robert 5
Crispo, John 68–69

D

Darzi, Lord Ara 114, 132, 136, 162, 181
Davis, Bill 64
decision-making processes 5, 39, 41, 99, 103, 104, 115, 128, 137, 144, 186
evidence based 12
hospital, reducing the influence in 77
Department of Health (England) 97, 108, 115, 121, 124
digital health 2
digitalised medicine 185
Direction régionale de médecine générale (DRMG) see Regional Directorates of GPs
distal context 7, 13, 21, 183
District Health Authority (DHA) 104, 106
Donaldson, Liam 111
Dorrell, Stephen 116
‘double bed’ relationship 53, 55, 62, 123–124, 154
Dymond, Matthew 62–63

E

England, healthcare system of 24
autonomy, professional 96, 99, 106, 109, 111, 113, 122–124, 130, 135
Charter for the Family Doctor Service 101
creation of the NHS 96–99, 100, 121–124, 143, 154, 155
during 2010–20 108–114, 131–136
Five Year Forward View (5YFV) 118, 120, 137
Lansley’s reform package 115, 117–118, 136–139
medical compensation in reform of 106, 125, 134, 138
quasi-constitutional laws in 9
reform policy implications on 123–124, 127–128, 131, 135–136, 138–139
strategies used by the protagonists 122–123, 125–127, 129–130, 133–135, 137–138
strike of junior doctors 120
strikes during reform of 102, 103, 123, 126, 127
see also British Medical Association (BMA) ; National Health Service (NHS)
Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS 115, 136
electronic health record (EHR) 76
Essential Services Council 37, 59
Excellent Care for All Act see Bill 46
Expanded Nursing Services for Patients Act see Bill 127
Expenditure Control Plan Statute Law see Bill 50

F

Family Health Network (FHN) 79
Family Health Organisation (FHO) 79
family medicine 43, 46–47, 58
Family Medicine Groups (FMGs) 41, 43, 58
federal government of Canada see Canada
Federal-Provincial Conference 63
Fédération des médecins omnipraticiens du Québec (FMOQ) 31–3, 50–1
1970 agreement 34–5agreement with government 49Bill 10, position on 45Bill 20, position on 46–7Bill 25, position on 42Bill 83, position on 43Clair Commission, support to 58–9positive react to the reform 39private clinics as a major source of care 57satisfaction with the government’s proposal 41self-regulation and 61see also Association of General Practitioners of Quebec
Fédération des médecins résidents du Québec (FMRQ) 31–2, 36–7, 50, 54
1987 agreement 37Bill 28, position on 41strike 55see also Association of Medical Residents of Quebec
Fédération des médecins spécialistes du Québec (FMSQ) 31–6, 41, 51, 52, 57, 60, 152, 181
1971 agreement 34agreement with government 49Bill 10, position on 45Bill 20, position on 46–7Bill 120, position on 38Bill 130, position on 48, 61Bill 404, position on 39Clair Commission, in line with 43, 58conservative agenda 56forms of protest of 42global ceiling on medical compensation 36opposition to the publicly funded system 33, 58–9proposal for creating a dedicated fund 40rejecting the alliance with the FMOQ 54see also Association of Medical Specialists of Quebec
fee-for-service (FFS) payment method 32–33, 64–65, 69–70, 72–73, 79, 83, 87–88, 92, 157
Field, Steve 117, 138
financial incentives 103, 130–131, 155, 156, 181
Foucauldian perspective 11, 13, 167
Francoeur, Diane 45
Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) 34
Future Forum report 117, 138

G

General Medical Council (GMC) 111, 132, 134–135, 136
General Medical Services (GMS) 109, 134
General Medical Services Committee (GMSC) 101, 126
Gerada, Clare 116, 138
governmentality 11–13, 154, 164–168, 171, 174
governments 21–22, 164–171, 173–174, 185
as agent of reform 5–6
government–medical profession committee 28, 38
manifestations of government agency 146–151
policy instruments of 6–7
Griffiths, Roy 104–105, 128–129, 131
Grossman, Larry 67

H

Haggie, John 78
Hallett, Scarlett 121
Hamel, Gérard 33, 35
Hancock, Trevor 68
Harris, Mike 71–72
Hastings, John 65
Hawker, Peter 134
Health and Social Care Act (2003) 110Health and Social Care Act (2012) 9, 119, 136, 186
Health Care Transformation in Canada 158
Health Disciplines Act see Bill 22
Health Insurance Act 32–34, 51, 78
Health Insurance Organisation Act see Bill 5
Health Service Organisations (HSOs) 65–67, 73, 84
Health Services Restructuring Commission (HSRC) 72–73, 86–88
Hey, Alder 111
High Quality Care for All 114, 132
Hill, Charles 99
Hoskins, Eric 79, 80, 92
Hospital Consultants’ and Specialists’ Association 103, 126
Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (1957) 29, 62
Hospital Services Commission in Ontario 62, 82
Hospital Trusts 113, 119, 129, 132
House of Commons Health Committee 116
Hunt, Jeremy 118–120, 136, 138

I

incentives 56, 62, 73, 75, 103, 129–130, 155, 173, 181
attachment to autonomy and 167
based scheme 38, 148
indicators for 110
market-oriented 128
tools 6, 148, 166
institutional theory 18–19
neo-institutional perspective 20
instruments see policy instruments
insurance coverage 29–32, 34, 62–64, 82, 121, 143
based system 101, 157
contributions 99
market 144, 145
private 9, 51, 59
Integrated Care Systems (ICS) 187
interdependence, governments/State and the profession 11, 13, 21, 50, 53, 54, 140, 146, 154, 170
Interim Agreement of Economic Arrangements 71, 86
internal market in NHS 106, 108–109, 131, 148, 150, 160
Irvine, Donald 111

J

Jessop, Bob 5
Johnson, Daniel 32
Joint Management Committee (JMC) 70, 71
Jones, Cyri 100
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 119
Justice for Health lobby group 120

K

Kennedy Inquiry 134

L

labour contract 42, 161, 179
labour market 11
labour relations 57, 148, 149
privileges and autonomy 16
transformations 17
Lancet 125
Lankin, Frances 70–71
Lansley, Andrew 115, 136–137
reform package 115, 117–18, 136–9
Lavoie-Roux, Thérèse 37
Lawrence, Bert 64
Law, Richard 97
Legault, François 41
Lesage, Jean 31
Local Health Integration Network (LHIN) 78, 80, 91, 92

M

Macmillan, Harold 125
Malawana, Johann 120
Manthorpe, Jonathan 66
market economy 10, 15–17, 19, 137
market-style policies 108, 113–114, 128, 132, 148, 160
Marxian ideas 17
Médecins Québécois pour le regime public (MQRP) see Quebec Doctors for a Public System
mediating/mediation 22, 26, 57, 59, 69, 71, 79
Medical Care Act 30
medical compensation 147–149, 157, 179–180, 184
fee-for-service payment method 32, 51, 70, 157fee negotiation process 63, 67, 69
in healthcare system reform in England 106, 125, 134, 138
in healthcare system reform in Ontario 82–85, 87, 89–91, 93
in healthcare system reform in Quebec 36–37, 52–54, 59
non-fee-for-service payment method 70
Medical Council of Quebec 38, 57
medical education 99, 155
Medical Eligibility Committee 64
medical politics 23–27, 141, 145, 150, 151–154, 155, 159, 170, 175–178
Medical Practitioners’ Union 102, 125–126
medical profession 11, 22, 25, 28, 140–146, 159–162, 178–182
agency of 151–157
as an achievement 15–16
as an agent of reform 4–7
concept of 20
de-professionalisation 17
in confrontation with government agency 146–151
and healthcare system change 175–178
hybridisation of 19
institutional context 18–19
legislation and 171–175
neo-Weberian approach 10–11, 16, 170
professional regulations and 169–171
proletarianisation of 17
quasi-public profession, medical profession as 51sociological perspectives 13–18
status of 13–14
taxonomic approach to the study of 14–18
Medical Reform Group (MRG) 68–69, 85
medical residents in Quebec 31, 36–37, 50, 55, 59
Medical Services Insurance Act see Bill 136
Medical Services Insurance Council (MSIC) 62–63
medical unions 27–28, 114, 143–144, 152–154, 160, 164, 173
British Medical Association see British Medical Association (BMA)
Medical Practitioners’ Union 102, 125–126
Ontario Medical Association see Ontario Medical Association (OMA)
union for medical residents of Quebec see Association of Medical Residents of Quebec (FMRQ)
union of general practitioners of Quebec (GPs) see Association of General Practitioners of Quebec (FMOQ)
union of specialists of Quebec see Association of Medical Specialists of Quebec (FMSQ)
Medical Welfare Plan 62
Medicare system
in Ontario 62–64, 74, 81–83
in Quebec 31–35
Medicine Act see Bill 55
Milburn, Alan 109, 112, 134
Miller, Frank 66
Miller, Paul 110
Modernisation Action Teams 112, 133, 162, 181
Moran, Lord Charles 97, 122, 127
Mustard, Fraser 67
Mustard Report 67

N

National Association of Primary Care (England) 115, 137
National Citizens’ Coalition (Ontario) 67
National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme 97
National Health Service (NHS) 24, 110, 114, 185–187
Act (1946) 99, 108, 142, 173
Act (1977) 109
BMA opinion on 106–107
creation of 96–99, 100, 121–124, 143, 154, 155
financial crisis of 112
increasing budgets era 124
internal market in 106, 108–109, 131, 148, 150, 160
Lansley’s reform package 115, 117–118, 136–139
liberating 115
NHS Improvement Plan 113
NHS Plan (2000) 112, 118, 132, 133
NHS Plan (2019) 181
not using resources efficiently 104
Patient First (White Paper) 128
private sector as part of 113
privatisation of 116
public dissatisfaction with 105
under-funding 108
Working for Patients (White Paper) 106, 107, 128, 130, 133, 136, 148
see also British Medical Association (BMA) ; England, healthcare system of
National Health Service Reorganisation Act 1973 125
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 112, 118, 135
National Service Frameworks (clinical standards) 111
Naylor, David 78
New Democratic Party (NDP) 67–70, 84
new public management (NPM) 12, 150
NHS Alliance 115, 116, 137
NHS Confederation 109, 116, 134
NHS Foundation Trust 121
NHS Future Forum 117, 138
NHS Plan
from 2000 112, 118, 132, 133
from 2019 181
Nicholson, David 118, 136
Norton, Keith 67
nurse practitioners (NPs) 74
nursing profession 28, 41, 65, 74, 88, 117, 182

O

‘October Crisis’ (La crise d’octobre) 34
Ontario, healthcare system of
autonomy in, professional 63, 65, 73, 82, 88–90
‘Common Sense Revolution’ 70–73, 86–87
at the beginning of 21st century 74–77, 88–90
and inception of Medicare 62–64, 81–83
medical compensation in reform of 82–85, 87, 89–91, 93
patient-oriented project 77–71, 90–94
period of turbulence 64–70, 83–85
primary care reform in 73–74, 87–88
reform policy implications on 83, 85–86, 86, 88, 90, 93–94
strategies used by the protagonists 82–83, 83–85, 86–87, 87–88, 89–90, 91–93
strikes during reform of 62, 68–69, 84, 94n12
Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) 64–67, 69, 71, 74, 76, 83, 86
Ontario Health Quality Council 89
Ontario Hospital Insurance Plan 62
Ontario Hospital Services Commission 82
Ontario Medical Association (OMA) in healthcare system reforms 144, 153, 158
at the beginning of 21st century 74–77, 88–90
during ‘Common Sense Revolution’ 70–73, 86–87
during inception of Medicare 62–64, 81–83
in the patient-oriented project 77–71, 90–94
in the period of turbulence 64–70, 83–85
and primary care reform 73–74, 87–88
patient-oriented agenda in Ontario 77–81, 90–4
Ontario Medical Association Dues Act 70, 85
Ontario Medical Services Insurance Plan (OMSIP) 63–64, 94n6, 94n7
Ontario Medicare 62–64, 74, 81–83
‘Operation Major Concern’ day 59
Orovan, Bill 72, 86

P

Parti Québécois 36, 38, 54, 56
Patient Care Groups 92
Patient First (White Paper) 128
Patients First Act 80, 92
pattern-matching approach 26
Personal Medical Services (PMS) 109, 134
Peterson, David 68–69
Physician Services Agreement 79, 92
Physician Services Delivery Management Act 72
Physicians’ Services Incorporated 62–63
policy implications 178–182
see also England, healthcare system of ; Ontario, healthcare system of ; Quebec, healthcare system of
policy instruments 2, 6–7, 10, 12, 22, 147–150, 164–168, 171, 174
authority 6capacity 6, 9, 113, 149collaborative policy tools 54, 57, 133learning tools 6, 148–9, 167steering patterns concept 11–12symbolic tools 6, 148, 166, 167
policy learning 85, 155, 171
Porter, Mark 119
Primary Care Group (PCG) 109, 110
Primary Care Network (PCN) 73, 74, 179, 181
Primary Care Reform Physician Advisory Group 87
Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) 110, 113–115, 132
private clinics 39–40, 43–44, 51, 57, 59–60
private insurance 9, 51, 59, 63, 82
privatisation of healthcare system 113–114, 116, 117, 132
profession, medical see medical profession
professional autonomy see autonomy, professional
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC) 62, 71, 80, 86, 93
proximal context 7–9, 21–22, 26–27, 141, 171
Public Health England 118, 184
Public Hospitals Act 77, 91
public interest 11, 16, 18, 20, 166, 169–170
publicly funded healthcare systems (PFHS) 2, 5, 10, 33, 41, 155, 157, 159, 162, 168, 170, 179
commitment to 83
COVID-19 context 183
creation of 27, 51, 62, 151–154, 176–177
inception of 141–145
post-pandemic innovative agenda 185
tax-based 23
public payment scheme 33

Q

quality
assurance and inspection 31, 35–36, 48
of care and services 169, 101, 109, 111, 134, 169–171
improvement, training programmes for 6
quality assurance committee 70
reform agenda in Ontario 74–81, 88–94
Quebec, healthcare system of
autonomy in, professional 33, 35, 36, 40, 46, 48, 51, 53–59
before Medicare 49–52
at the beginning of 21st century 40–44, 57–60
and Barrette reform 40–49, 60–62
government and medical unions conflict, period of 36–37, 53–55
implementation of the system 35–36, 52–53
medical compensation in reform of 36–37, 52–54, 59
Medicare structure 31–35
in 90s 37–40, 56–57
reform policy implications on 51–52, 52–53, 55, 57, 60, 61–62
strategies used by the protagonists 50–51, 52, 54, 56–57, 58–59, 60–61
strikes during reform of 34, 36, 37, 38, 46, 51, 55
Quebec Association of Young Doctors (AJMQ) 40
Quebec Doctors for a Public System (MQRP) 43
Quebec Health Insurance Board (RAMQ) 2, 48
Quebec Medical Association (QMA) 46
Quebec Medicare, structure of 31–35
Quiet Revolution 32, 50

R

Rachlis, Michael 68
Railton, Richard 68
Rebick, Judy 68
Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) see Quebec Health Insurance Board
Regional Directorates of GPs (DRMG) 39, 40
Regional Health Authority (RHA) 39–45
Regional Medical Commissions 38, 57
Regional Organisation of Social Affairs (ORAS) 35
Regulated Health Professions Act see Bill 43
Regulated Health Professions Statute Law Amendment Act see Bill 179
regulatory bargains 10
regulatory state 12–13
research methodology
case studies selection 23–24
data analysis 25–26
primary and secondary data 24–25
reasoning and analytical logics 26–28
snowball strategy in research 25
responsibility 168, 178
collective 38, 109
in healthcare systems of England 115, 129, 132–134, 146
in healthcare systems of Canada 24, 52, 54, 67, 78
Robarts, John 63, 82
Robillard, Raymond 33
Rochon Commission report 36–37, 54–56
Rochon, Jean 36, 38
Rochon reform 39
Royal College of Emergency Medicine 119
Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) 100, 116, 118, 129, 137–138
Royal College of Medicine 96, 144, 155–158, 172, 186
Royal College of Physicians 97, 114, 119, 120, 122, 125
Royal College of Surgeons 108

S

Savings and Restructuring Act see Bill 26
Sawyer, Glenn 64, 65
scepticism 55, 100, 143, 152, 157, 166, 177
Scully, Hugh 68
self-regulation principle 4, 10, 22, 35, 66, 82, 111, 134–135, 145
FMOQ preserve 61
government’s regulation over 52, 169
Shipman, Harold 111, 134
Shipman Inquiry 111, 134
Sinclair, Duncan 72, 73, 87
Smith, Dame Janet 134
Social Contract Act 71
special laws 9, 34, 42, 173
State
control of medical education 99, 155
definition of 5
egalitarian approach to universal access to care 172
expansion of 10
and government distinction 5
governmentalisation of 12, 50, 150, 162, 171
institutionalisation 168
interventionist approach 111
and medical profession relation 2, 11, 13, 21, 143–147
professional identity and 167–169
sole employer role 123
Stevens, Simon 118, 137
strategic health authorities (SHAs) 119
Strengthening Primary Care Expert Advisory Committee 92
strikes 147, 173, 176
in healthcare system reform in England 102, 103, 123, 126, 127
in healthcare system reform in Ontario 62, 68–69, 84, 94n12
in healthcare system reform in Quebec 34, 36, 37, 38, 46, 51, 55
Strumpf, Erin 178
superclinics 47
Sustainability and Transformation Plans (STPs) 119

T

Taylor, Malcolm 29
territorial health insurance plans 29–30
territory-based local health networks 42–43
Thatcher, Margaret 104–105, 108, 128–131, 133, 135, 137, 139
Timbrell, Dennis 66
Toronto Star 64, 66, 78
Toward a Partnership in the 1990s (Position Paper) 69, 85
Transitional Physician Payment Review Act see Bill 104
Tuohy, Carolyn 27, 69, 73, 147, 169

U

unions see medical unions
universal coverage and healthcare access 23, 24, 32, 53, 56, 97, 122, 172
US
medical politics in 27
patients sent to 74
role of medical profession in health policy in 146

W

wage control 66
wage freeze 71
Walley, Virginia 79, 92
Weberian sociology 15
Weber, Max 5
welfare agenda 27, 50, 100, 124, 142, 146
Wilson, Jim 72–73
Working for Patients (White Paper) 106, 107, 128, 130, 133, 136, 148

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