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This book explores the evolution of the Labour Party’s economic ideology since 1900. It draws upon four themes; tensions between pragmatic and ideological responses to events, Labour’s understanding of socialism, distinctions between revolutionary and parliamentary socialism and the relationship between the Party and the trade unions. These are used to demonstrate how crises have shaped the Party’s economic ideology and challenged contemporary understandings of socialism and means of achieving socialism. Set over nine chapters the book explores crises such as the Taff Vale judgement, both world wars, the Great Slump of 1931, the breakdown of the Keynesian post-war consensus in the 1970s, Labour’s electoral crisis of the 1980s and the global financial crisis. It questions the value of distinctions generated by notions of Old and New Labour and maintains that throughout its history the Labour Party has adopted a pragmatic, rather than ideological, response to crises. It suggests that Labour has in government been willing to work within existing structures to overcome crises, including crises of capitalism, and adopted a gradualist understanding of transitions towards socialism. In opposition more thought and time has been devoted to exploring the party’s ideology and unpacking different understandings of socialism, and revisionist thinkers, especially in the 1950s and 1980s have encouraged the party not to deviate too far from the political centre. In both govenrment and opposition Labour’s leaders have drawn upon ethical, rather than economic socialism to guide their polices.
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