Index

Authors:
Jonathan S. Davies
,
Ismael Blanco
,
Adrian Bua
,
Ioannis Chorianopoulos
,
Mercè Cortina-Oriol
,
Andrés Feandeiro
,
Niamh Gaynor
,
Brendan Gleeson
,
Steven Griggs
,
Pierre Hamel
,
Hayley Henderson
,
David Howarth
,
Roger Keil
,
Madeleine Pill
,
Yunailis Salazar
, and
Helen Sullivan
Publication Date:
21 Jan 2022
Pages:
179–188
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51952/9781529205831.bm004
Free access
Download PDF
Rights and permissions Cite this chapter

A

Abbott, Tony 12, 26
activists 19, 43, 56, 108, 134, 142
Acuto, M. 131
advisory boards 33, 45, 112
African Americans 56, 104, 120, 141
African population in Leicester 123
Agranoff, R. 8
airport development 27, 64, 133, 155
Alexander, M. 109, 110, 113, 115, 116
alternatives 8, 11, 33, 38, 54, 64, 103
alternatives to neoliberalism 60
Amin, A. 110, 112, 113, 114, 122
anchor institutions 24, 34, 141
Anderson, J. 140
Anguelov, D. 130
Ansell, C. 8
anti-austerity struggles 63, 71, 101, 129, 132
Greece/Athens 134, 139
Spain/Barcelona 19, 28, 33, 35, 59, 61
Arampatzi, A. 54, 109
Arapoglou, V.P. 110
Arato, A. 96
Arbaci, S. 110
Asian population 55, 123
asylum seekers 39, 51–52, 82, 107, 149
Athens 9–10, 19, 21–22, 37, 46, 104, 131
bailout agreements 78–81, 130
and COVID-19 138–140
and the far-right 116
resistance to austerity 53–54, 134
attrition, dynamics of 70
austerity 21, 23, 31, 34, 92, 107, 130, 150
about 1, 3–7
austerity realism 20, 22, 25, 50, 53–59, 71
as a choice 13, 29, 126, 135, 156
and collaborative relationships 135
and COVID-19 138
and cultural diversity 109–112
neoliberal 112–115
resistance to 18, 29, 34, 50, 132
and scale 67–73
Australia 1, 6, 12, 18, 26, 51, 69
austerity in 51–52
and COVID-19 143–144
local authorities in 81
trust in government 147
authoritarianism 4, 87, 135
Autin, G. 46, 57, 58, 113
Ayrault, Jean-Marc 27, 41, 53, 85

B

bailout agreements 78–81, 130
Greece 138–139
Ireland 22–23
Baltimore 10–11, 23–24, 77
Baltimore United for Change (BUC) 38
and COVID-19 140–142
governing elites 103–104
police violence in 43, 140–141
and racism 47, 56–57, 72, 120, 130
banking 78, 88
Barcelona 11, 72, 76, 128, 133, 134
collaborative governance 52–53, 131
and COVID-19 142–143
grassroots movements 47, 87, 99–100
resistance to austerity 19, 28–29, 33, 59–61
Barcelona en Comú 28, 33, 99–100, 142, 155
alternatives to neoliberalism 60
Barnett, C. 97
Barré, P. 45
Bauman, Z. 96, 113
Beck, U. 93
Beck-Gernsheim, E. 93
Berry, C. 88
Between Realism and Revolt 3
Bherer, L. 33, 153
Bianchi, I. 33, 35, 69, 88, 99
‘big’ government 69
Biglieri, S. 17, 138, 153
Black Lives Matter 34, 43, 47, 72, 134, 141
black people 55, 56, 104, 120, 123, 142
black neighbourhoods 24, 27, 141
death of Freddie Gray 10
Blanco, I. 5, 19, 28, 33, 49, 60, 69, 88, 99, 129
Bloomberg 19
boosterish perspective 64, 85, 130
Bordoni, C. 96
Borraz, O. 94, 99
Boyle, M. 23
Brenner, N. 1, 5, 19, 67, 68, 77, 84, 87
Brexit 148, 151
Broadwater, L. 140
Brown, Lawrence 141
Bruff, I. 4
Brunett-Jailly, E. 81
budgets 13, 20, 21, 25, 28, 29, 35, 139
Burns, M.C. 88

C

Callanan, M. 80
Cameron, David 5
campaigns see protests
Canada 1, 13, 57, 69, 118
Capital Alliance 145
Caribbean population 123
case studies 9–17
Castells, M. 88, 96
casual workers 145
Catalunya 11, 28, 59, 118, 142, 143
Catholicism 22, 101
‘Celtic Tiger’ economy 12
centralized models 3, 23, 31, 55, 100, 143, 155
Cerny, P. 70
Childe, V.G. 5
children 47, 143, 147, 149
Chorianopoulos, I. 37, 42, 80, 87, 104, 116
‘elite pluralist’ formation 24, 46, 131
on rescaling 9, 10, 19, 21, 22, 72, 102
‘Chumocracy’ 151
cities 5, 6–7, 10, 22, 28, 53, 70, 75–76
and diversity 108, 124, 136
new municipalist cities 29
and rescaling 77–86
responses to austerity 50, 65–66
citizens 8, 19, 22, 61, 94, 104, 156
dialogue 14, 53, 62–63
participation 11, 33, 60, 98, 99, 143, 152
see also protests
civil society 23, 36, 49, 134
in Montréal 152
organizations 23, 38, 43, 46, 132, 148
repression of 18
weakening 102–103
Cladera, J.R. 88
Clancy, M. 148
Clarke, S. 92
Coalition Main Rouge 133
Cockburn, C. 93, 132
Coderre, Denis 25, 40
coercion 42, 62, 130
co-governance 33, 72
Cohen, J.L. 96
Colau, Ada 11, 19, 28, 61, 72
collaboration 7–9, 22, 41, 60, 62, 73, 94
collaborative spaces 44–47
despite the state 36–38, 134–135
and discourse 31–35
between elites and non-profits 34
and inclusion 125
against the state 42–44, 133–134
together with the state 38–42, 131–132
collaborative governance 26, 126–127, 128–129
about 1–3, 8
agency in 35–44
collaborative models 137
and local state power 91–92, 96–98, 104–106
Collaborative Governance Under Austerity 1
collective action 5, 37, 45, 94
collective guilt 22, 23, 101
Collins, J. 150
common good/interests 39, 60, 114
commoning 35
common-sense view 127
communism 6, 139
community 46, 61, 66, 86, 103, 128
collaboration 14, 43
organizations 8, 32, 55, 57, 152
competitiveness 2, 4, 19, 83, 114, 124
conflict, avoiding 20
consensus-building 8, 60
conservative 1, 22
Conservative Harper Government (Canada) 14
Conservative-Liberal coalition (UK) 13
conservative nationalist government (Spain) 11, 28
Conservative Party (UK) 82, 150, 151
construction industry 88
consultation 32, 38
contracted out models 145
Convergència i Unió (CiU) 11, 28
cooperation 11, 37, 101, 143
co-optation 42, 132, 135
co-production 45, 143
Coq-Huelva, D. 88
corruption 29, 140
Couillard, Philippe 14, 24, 57
COVID-19 2, 9, 72, 127, 134, 135, 149, 156
and Athens 138–140
and austerity 138
and Baltimore 140–142
and Barcelona 142–143
and Dublin 147–150
and Greater Dandenong 143–147
and Leicester 150–152
and Montréal 152–154
and Nantes 154–156
credit rating agencies 75–77, 79, 127
criminal justice system 56
crisis 1, 35, 79, 82, 98, 105, 148, 149
in Barcelona 33
in France 27
Cucca, R. 7
Cullen, P. 149
cultural diversity 23, 105, 107, 109–112, 146

D

Davidoff, P. 8
Davidson, M. 71
Davies, J.S. 1, 5, 8, 13, 95, 120, 126, 132
and austerity realism 25, 53
on Leicester 20–21, 55, 83, 101, 103, 152
on ‘rollback’ 2–3
deaths 10, 154, 155
debt, public 35
debt-servicing obligations 23
decentralization 32, 81–84
deficit reduction imperative 82
deindustrialization 10, 12, 53, 85, 86
De la Porte, C. 74
della Porta, D. 61
democracy 3, 49, 83, 104, 105, 106, 127
democratic participation 14, 28, 48, 94–98
democratic transitions 18, 88
De Montfort University 1
den Brink, A. van 82
depoliticization 8, 84, 132
deprivation 13, 55, 113, 151
de Souza, M.L. 36
developmental agendas 10, 24, 28, 40, 78, 85, 145
De Vidovich, L. 17, 138
Devisme, L. 63
devolving responsibilities 74
dialogues 53, 62–63
Dickinson, H. 8
digital technology 59, 100, 154
Dikeç, M. 71, 84
disabled people 82
disadvantaged, the 42, 59, 145, 147
discourse 31–35, 128, 135, 148
discrimination 110
disenfranchised groups 43, 71
displacement of the poor 141, 148
dispossessed neighbourhoods 24
dissident voices, suppression of 8
diversity 44, 109, 110–112, 122, 129
Doberstein, C. 8
Dodson, J. 12, 26, 32, 33, 51, 69, 82, 101
Dollery, B. 51, 52, 82
domestic violence 149
dramaturgy 95
Dublin 1, 12, 31, 32, 100, 104
and austerity realism 55
bailout agreements 22–23, 78–81, 130
and COVID-19 147–150
resistance to austerity 47, 101, 133
Dubuc, A. 153
Duffin, T. 150
Durand, F. 86

E

Economic and Social Research Council 9
economic precariousness 11
‘ed and med’ 24, 34, 102, 141, 153
education 5, 118, 123
elderly care 52, 82, 143, 145, 149, 153–154
elected representatives 78, 79, 91–92
elites 4, 44, 57, 59, 96, 102, 106, 127
in Baltimore 102, 103–104, 141
economic elites 142, 153
‘elite pluralist’ formation 24, 46, 131
international 22
Tory elites 151
employment 32, 38, 60, 113, 114, 123, 145
industrial relations 51–52
job creation 146
labour deregulation 126, 152, 155
minimum wage 124, 139
pay 32, 37, 109, 123, 149, 150
precarious 9, 59, 69, 123, 145
working conditions 149, 151
empowerment 112
energy 62
entrepreneurship 19, 101, 147
environmentalism 98, 136
Enwright, T. 126
equality 10, 37, 121, 126, 135
Esping-Anderson, G. 5
‘essential workers’ 145
ethnicity 13, 112, 113, 116, 122
Europe, local government in 7
European Central Bank 78
European Commission 22, 78
European Green Capital 27
European Union 1, 2, 73–75, 82, 87, 88
and Greece 54, 138–139
and Ireland 23
structural funds 42
Eurostat 139
Eurozone 73, 73–74, 138
everyday lived experiences 10, 54, 66, 122, 125
evictions 144, 149, 150
Exarchia 140
experience, lost 37
experts 98
extortion 130

F

Fainstein, S.S. 109, 113
faith groups 38, 41, 46, 114
Farías, I. 98
Farrell, C.R. 109, 110
Feandeiro, A. 13, 27, 33, 62, 85, 100, 129, 132
federal systems 40, 51, 58, 69
feminism 60, 61, 136
Fincher, R. 116, 122
fiscal conservatism 26, 36, 52, 81, 82
fiscal performance standards 74
Floyd, George 72
Flyvbjerg, B. 144
Fong, E. 109, 110
food cooperatives 37, 39
food market 52, 81
football team 62
Fordism 2, 92, 93
foreign investments, decline in 13
formal spaces 45
Foucault’s ‘governmentality’ 24
fragmentation 97, 112, 126
of resistance 55, 102
social 115, 124
France 14, 27, 53, 62, 84, 154–155
Franco regime 18, 28
freedom of assembly 143
free market capitalism 4
French-speaking 13
frontline workers 149, 150
frugality, self imposed 6
funding cuts 7, 14, 25, 36, 42, 79, 148, 154
in Leicester 20, 55, 120

G

Galimberti, D. 86
Gamble, A. 4
garment industry 151
Gash, A. 8
Gaspar, J. 87
Gaynor, N. 70, 100, 101, 103, 130
on the bailout 78, 79, 80
on Ireland 5, 22–23, 32, 42, 47, 56
on water charging 148
GDP trends 17
Germany 2
ghetto conditions 113
Giannakourou, G. 74
Gibeau, E. 154
Gilets Jaunes 27, 155
Giovannini, A. 83
Gleeson, B. 12, 26, 27, 32, 51, 52, 69, 82, 101
Global Economic Crisis 1, 23, 27, 31, 34
political narrative of 127, 128
global financial markets 12, 75, 78
globalization 2, 73, 93, 97
Global South 31, 44, 107
Godrej, D. 72
Goh, K. 68
Golden Dawn 116
Gough, J. 8
government structures 45, 48, 58
Graeber, D. 4
grants system 23
grassroots activism 23, 43, 47, 54, 72, 133
Barcelona 19, 59, 61, 87
Gray, Freddie 10, 24, 56, 134
Greater Dandenong 1, 12, 29, 40, 132
and COVID-19 143–147
fiscal conservatism 51–52, 82
and revitalization 26–27
and welfare support 114
Greece 9, 18, 78
bailout conditions 79–81
economy 138–139
Green 14, 61, 62, 137, 148, 154–155
Griggs, S. 14, 27, 33, 85, 86, 100, 132
on Nantes 62, 63, 64
Guinan, J. 24, 128
gun violence 142

H

Habermas, J. 134
Hajer, M. 95, 100
Hamel, P. 24, 32, 50, 57, 73, 95, 97, 99
on Montréal 33, 70, 101, 102, 124, 153
Hammer, N. 151
Harvey, D. 10
Hastings, A. 1
Hatherley, O. 72
health policy 143
Hearn, R. 23
Henderson, H. 8, 32, 69, 71, 101
on fiscal conservatism 26, 27, 51, 52, 82
hierarchical relationships 135
Higgins, B. 153
high-tech sectors 153
Hinkley, S.M. 75
histories 18–20, 97
Hlepas, N.K. 9
‘hollowed out’ state 99, 120
homelessness 103, 141, 144, 147, 150
home schooling 149
housing 5, 12, 44, 62, 110, 115, 154
Baltimore 10, 38, 120, 141
Barcelona 37, 59, 114
Dublin 12, 47, 148, 149, 150
Greater Dandenong 122, 144, 147
Spain 87–88
Howarth, D. 13, 33, 41, 62, 63, 85, 100, 129, 155
human rights see rights

I

ideology 25, 36, 130
choice of austerity 13, 127
illegal houses see housing
income support 144, 150
incorporating civil society groups 102
independence movement 142
Indian businesses 101, 146
individual responsibility 93
industrial relations 51–52
inequalities 1, 59, 94, 98, 107, 154, 156
Dublin 12, 149
Nantes 155
racial 114, 141
United Kingdom 151
infrastructure investment 39, 83, 144
institutions 3, 23, 115–121
International Monetary Fund 22, 78
investment 27, 153
Ireland 12, 22–23
anti-austerity struggles 47
bailout conditions 78–81
and COVID-19 147–150
Iveson, K. 122

J

Jessop, P. 2
jobs 124, 144, 146, 153
John, P. 7
Johns Hopkins Health System 102, 141
Johns Hopkins University 102, 141
Jolin-Dahel, L. 153
Jones, S.H. 121
Journal of Urban Affairs 3

K

Kaminis, Geotgios 21, 22
Kandylis, G. 110
Karyotis, G. 139
Keil, R. 2, 17, 25, 70, 73, 97, 138
on Montréal 33, 57, 58, 101, 102, 124
Keynesian economics 2, 5, 6, 27, 35, 93
killing of George Floyd 141
Klandermans, B. 132
knowledge production 98
Kobayashi, A. 23
Koehler, S. 73
Konzelmann, S.J. 6
Korfmacher 8

L

Labbe, J. 154
labour 2, 76, 79, 109, 110, 151, 152
Labour Party (UK) 5, 13, 20–21
Labour government 82
Lammert, C. 71
land 12, 88, 125
language 25, 28, 124, 127–129, 152
and regeneration 51
Laroche, M. 45
Latinos 141
‘law and order’ platform 139–140
leadership 29, 38, 41, 44, 48, 130
black leadership 121
Lefèvre, C. 97
left-wing 28, 54, 61, 94, 100, 148
centre-left government 2
left-green alliance 154
left-of-centre cities 20
Spanish left 33
Le Galès, P. 85, 86, 94, 99
Leicester 1, 13, 40, 83, 151
and austerity realism 20–21, 55
collaborative governance 31, 49
and COVID-19 150–152
and ethnic groups 101, 109, 120
Lenihan, Brian 22
León, M. 89
Leontidou, L. 87
levelling-up 152
Levy, J.M. 84
liberal democratic model 98
Liberal government (Québec) 14, 24
libraries 40, 52, 81, 122, 123
Lillington, K. 148
living conditions 38
living costs 59
Living Wage campaign 38
lobbying networks 39
Lobo, M. 110
local area investment 82
local authorities 7, 32, 70, 80, 82, 90
creditworthiness 75
in France 84–85
hostility to 152
key figures 44
reform of 9, 78, 79, 85–86
local collaboration 74
local development agenda 74, 78, 83
local policy 45, 52
local political orientation 115–121
local procurement 24
local state 133, 135
and austerity governance 91–96
and collaborative governance 96–98, 104–106
strategies and urban governance 99–104
lockdowns 140, 149, 151
long-term care homes 153
low-income city areas 108
low pay 109, 123, 149, 150
low-regulation 126
Lukehart, J. 113, 122

M

MacGillis, A. 141
MacPherson, D. 25
Macron, President 155
Magnusson, W. 14, 69
‘Main Rouge’ 58
Maloutas, T. 110
Maly, M.T. 110, 113, 122
‘Maple Spring’ 58
Marcuse, P. 129
marginalization 59, 103–104, 107, 109, 110
marketization agenda 2, 19, 41, 122
Marti-Costa, M. 88
Martin, J.F. 81
Mas, Artur 28
mass production 92
Matthijs, M. 74
Mayer, M. 89
Mayor of Athens 21, 139
Mayor of Baltimore 24, 141, 142
Mayor of Barcelona 19, 28
Mayor of Leicester 20, 21, 150
Mayor of Montréal 25, 59, 154
Mayor of Nantes 27, 41, 53, 85, 154
mayors, creation of 83
McGuire. M. 8
McGuirk, P. 95
McNeice, S. 149
media 22, 95, 111
Melbourne 1, 12, 26, 32, 46, 52, 144, 145
‘mémoire du lieu’ 91, 97, 99, 100, 105
mental health 149
metropolitanization 64
‘micropublics’ 122
migration 71, 107, 113, 115, 121, 123–124
military coup 18
Miller, B. 68, 145
millionaires 28
minimum wage 124, 139
Minneapolis 141
minority ethnic communities 12, 27, 55, 120, 145
Mississippi City 72
Moini, G. 84
monetarism 73
Monkkonen, E.H. 94
Montréal 13–14, 32, 40, 46, 132, 133
and cooperation 101
and COVID-19 152–154
and government structure 58
and Moody’s 76
rigueur 24–25, 57, 128
Moody’s 75–77, 76
moral rectitude 4, 5, 6
mortgages 57, 88, 120
multiculturalism 109, 111, 118, 131, 135
Greater Dandenong 125
Leicester 101, 119
multi-level governance 68, 70
multinational companies 12
municipal staffing 21, 22, 53
mutual aid 143
mutual dependency 39, 41, 44
myth and narrative construction 100–101

N

Nantes 14, 27, 29, 41, 130, 133
and collaboration 33, 53, 61–64, 129, 131
and COVID-19 154–156
rescaling in 85–86
narrative and myth 100–101
national health service 5
nationalism 69, 143
negotiation, traditions of 48
neighbourhoods 14, 24, 47, 66, 120, 148
multi-ethnic 110, 112, 116
neighbourhood forums 54, 56, 57, 62
Nelles, J. 86
neoliberalism 1–2, 8, 57, 69, 81, 88, 93, 136
austere neoliberalism 4, 20–25, 156
challenging 133
in Greece 139
and structural adjustments 32
networked sector interests 35
Newman, P. 85
new municipalism 28, 61, 128, 134, 136, 142–143
far-right 29
New Zealand 6
NGO’s 31, 32, 46
non-profits 24, 46, 49, 103, 130
non-state actors 10, 35–44, 36
Nyden, P. 113, 122

O

O’Carroll, A. 150
occupations 54, 59, 131, 141
OECD 2, 137
Offe, C. 96
oil crisis 92
Olympics 28, 33
O’Malley, Martin 24
Oppel, R.Jr, 141
opportunistic approach 40
oppressive regimes 44
see also authoritarianism
otherness 109, 116
outsourcing 19, 49, 60
owner occupation 87, 88

P

Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) 21
Papapetros, S. 139
Pardy, M. 116
Paris 84
Park, R.E. 109
Parker, O. 79
parks 108, 122
participation 8, 27, 32, 63, 152
participatory governance 33, 53, 86
Partido Popular 28
Patel, Priti 151
Patit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC) 28
Patrick, D. 69
Paul, M. 148
Peake, G.S. 69
Peck, J. 4, 34, 54, 70, 71, 74, 75, 87
Pelkonen, A. 74
pensions 76, 77, 155
people’s assemblies 72
Perrons, D. 75
personal responsibility 2
Petzold, T. 71
philanthropic organisations 102
Piattoni, S. 68, 94
Pierson, P. 81
Pike, A. 81
Pill, M.C. 10, 31, 33, 43, 57, 70, 102, 121
on Baltimore 23, 34, 38, 41, 47, 73, 103
on elite netwoks 131
on segregation 113, 120
Pinson, G. 85, 86, 92
Pithouse, R. 44
Plante, Valérie 59, 154
Platform of Mortgage Victims 59
Podemos 11, 33
Poles 119
police 10, 24, 140, 143, 154
violence 43, 47, 141–142
policy 8, 10, 40, 42, 90
and CRAs 75–77
and the EU 73–75
politics 18, 23, 24, 108, 130, 133, 136
austerity as a choice 29, 135, 156
of Barcelona 28–29
of Dublin 23
feminization of 60, 61
of France 27
radical discourse 28, 129
population 24, 34, 110–112
post-war period 5, 6, 18, 109–110
poverty 10, 13, 24, 34, 54, 55, 101, 113, 141
power 10, 80, 99
pragmatic-collaborative government 14
pragmatic fiscal conservatism 101
private foundations 42
private organizations 35
privatization 11, 19, 32, 47, 58, 84, 139
professionalized service providers 42
profit-making 126
and COVID-19 151
progressivism 11, 29, 66, 72, 136, 156
progressive municipalities 59, 127
property tax 78, 79
protests 43, 51–52, 54, 58, 59, 133, 134, 139
Baltimore 24, 34, 57, 140–141
France 27, 155
mass demonstrations 28, 56
Montréal 58–59
public-community governance 143
public health 127, 155
public-private partnerships 22, 33, 56, 60
public sector 26, 41
public services 4, 10, 11, 32, 55, 56, 152
investment in 21
and ‘siloed’ negotiations 102
public spaces 108, 121–124
Pugh, Mayor 141
‘purchaser- provider’ models 44

Q

quality of life 147, 154
Québec 13, 14, 24, 25, 26, 57, 131

R

race 10, 28, 72, 98, 109, 127, 136, 141
racial equality 35, 56, 108, 131, 133
racism 34, 72, 107, 114, 130, 135
radical politics 28, 54, 61
Rajoy, Mariano 28
Ranci, C. 7
Reagan, Ronald 2, 19, 24, 56
real estate 88, 153
recession 9, 21, 79, 140
reconstructive period 7–9
refugees 29, 39, 82, 107, 116, 119, 131
housing for 71
Régent, Jean-Joseph 62
regional authorities 78
Regional Development Agencies 82
regulatory climate 151
religious traditions 6
rental freezes 150
repression 4, 18
rescaling 9, 31, 102, 104, 129–130
and austerity governance 67–73
of cities 77–86
and supranational entities 73–77
research 1, 135–136
resistance 7–9, 43, 50, 55, 56, 57, 61, 71
to change 142
neutralizing 42
responsibilities, devolution of 31
retail businesses 145
revitalization programmes 81, 108, 123, 146, 153
Greater Dandenong 12, 26, 29, 35, 39, 48, 52
Rhodes, R.A.W. 8, 93
rights 118, 123, 144
right-wing 2, 4, 33, 131
far-right 108, 114, 118, 124
right-wing nationalism 69
rigueur 24, 25, 57, 128, 133, 135
Robinson, D. 110
Rockefeller Foundation 19, 22
Rolland, Johanna 53, 64, 86, 154
rollback 2
Roodbol-Mekkes, P.H. 82
Rosenberg, J. 5
Rothstein, R. 113, 120
Roussos, K. 54
Ruddick, S.L. 69
Rüdig, W. 139
Russell, B. 24, 28, 29

S

Safe Ireland 149
safe spaces 43, 122
safety nets 9, 155
Salazar, Y. 33, 35, 69, 88, 99
Sandford, M. 82
Sanfaçon, J.-R. 154
Sayas, J. 110
scale 40, 67–73, 130, 136
Schipper, S. 71
Schmid, C. 5
Schneiders, B. 145
schools 108, 113, 122
Scott, Brandon 142
Scott, M. 154
segregation 110, 120, 123, 124
self-reliance 4, 90
Serebrin, J. 154
service delivery, instability in 42
shared sacrifice 101
Shaw, K. 116
Siddiki, S. 8
‘Silicon Docks’ 12, 148
Simmel, G. 175
Singh, G. 119
Sinn Féin 148
Smith, H. 139
social class 95, 127, 133
social contract 147
social exclusion 53, 55, 59, 62, 98, 141
social inclusion 8, 14, 23, 107, 116, 129, 147
Socialist Party 11, 154
social justice 34, 43, 46, 49, 104, 126, 135
social movements 11, 36, 37, 43, 45, 49, 87
and neoliberalism 47
social partnership 129
social policy and rescaling 80
social services 103, 108
socioeconomic distress 112–115
socio-political equality 109–112
socio-spatial inequalities 141, 144, 145, 149
Soderberg, B. 140
solidarity 26, 37, 46, 54, 66, 92, 136, 152
erosion of 101–102
measures 153
with migrants 114
networks 10, 103
Somalis 119
Sørenson, E. 8
Soulsby, Sir Peter 21, 150
sovereign debt crisis 88
spaces of collaboration 44–47
Spain 11, 18, 28, 33, 47, 59
and COVID-19 143
rescaling in 87–88
Spanish nationalists 11
spatial scales 67–68
spending cuts 22
see also funding
Spiller, M. 12, 26, 27, 32, 51, 69, 82, 101
standard of living 87
Starnes, K. 4
state, the 2, 26, 93–95, 128, 150
‘iron cage’ of bureaucracy 46, 133
and leading collaboration 48
state-led discourse 31–35, 129, 135
State of Maryland 24, 141
stimulus spending 135, 144
Stoecker, R. 132
strangerhood 109
street movements 28, 57, 132
striking 46, 86, 155
structural funds 74, 78, 82
Sullivan, H. 8, 12, 32, 69, 71, 101
on fiscal conservatism 26, 27, 51, 52, 82
supernational rescaling levers 73–75
surveillance 4, 138
sustainability 14, 27, 37, 62, 85, 86, 143, 154
Swyngedouw, E. 84
Syriza government 54, 139

T

Tanyildiz, G. 69
Tapada-Berteli, T. 110
taxation 12, 38, 52, 78, 79, 81, 86
Team, V. 145
tech companies 12, 148
technocratic engagement 63
Tent City occupation 141
territorial reorganization 77, 84
‘t Hart, P. 8
Thatcher, Margaret 2, 19, 101, 151
Theodore, N. 3, 4, 19, 87
third sector 23
Thomas, W.I. 109
Thompson, E. 13
Thompson, M. 24, 28, 128
Thornley, A. 85
tiers of government 48, 58, 70, 82
Todd, E. 91, 97, 99, 100
tourism 13, 59, 60, 113, 153
trade unions 19, 38, 43, 45, 59, 124, 129, 133
in Australia 145
in Greece 46, 54, 139
in Ireland 23, 56
traditions 18–20, 22
Tran, C. 52, 82
transformation programme 133
transnational organisations 19, 22, 41
transport 62, 83, 86, 108
Trias, Xavier 28, 60
Troika, the 22, 78, 79
Trudeau, Justin 14
Trump, President 72
Tsarouhas, D. 79
Tselepi, N. 19, 21, 22, 37, 42, 103, 104, 116
on elite pluralism 24, 46, 131
on rescaling 9, 10, 72, 74, 80, 102

U

Ugandan Asian refugees 101, 109, 119
unemployment 11, 34, 54, 86, 141, 144, 147
high 2, 46, 61, 139
United Kingdom 1, 2, 5, 18, 26, 49, 150
Britain’s multicultural city 13
and COVID-19 151–152
rescaling in the 82–84
United Nations 2, 127, 128
universal healthcare 144
University Times 148
Uprising, The 10, 24, 34, 43, 134, 140
urban 1, 3, 5, 55, 86, 122, 140
histories 18–20
urban commons 60, 134, 155
urban governance 99–104

V

vaccination programme 151
values 62, 96, 97, 128–129
Victorian Government 12, 32, 40, 51, 81, 145, 146
Human Rights and Responsibilities 118, 125
Vink, M. 115
voluntary enterprise platforms 83
voluntary work 134
Vormann, B. 71
Voynet Act 85
vulnerability 20, 62, 107, 113, 143, 144

W

Walliser, A. 11, 134
water charging 23, 56, 101, 104, 133, 148
waterfront regeneration 10, 24, 141
wealth 4, 10, 130
welfare states 2, 5, 14, 18, 57, 153
welfare support 9, 20, 55, 114
Welsh, J. 98
Wenger, Y. 141
Western society 19, 107
Weston, R. 33
white flight 113
Whiteside, H. 75
Williams, T. 140
Wissel, J. 73
Wolff, S. 73
women 28, 56, 61, 66, 108, 125, 133, 145
during COVID-19 149
female mayor 59
working class 2, 18, 61, 115, 133, 149
workers assemblies 37

X

xenophobia 108, 113, 114, 116, 124

Y

Yarram, S.R. 52, 82
young people 43, 56, 104, 121, 125, 142

Z

Zolberg, A. 109

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