Front Matter

Authors:
Tony Verheijen
,
Katarína Staroňová
,
Ibrahim Elghandour
, and
Anne-Lucie Lefebvre
Publication Date:
24 Jun 2022
Pages:
i–ix
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51952/9781529215762.fm001
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Civil Servants and Globalization brings together insights on how globalization influences senior civil servants, with a focus on MENA countries. This book builds a typology of civil servants’ responses to globalization: traditional, professional, engaged, and rebel types of civil servants. The response model proposed by the authors uses bureaucratic accountability and socialization as two critical parameters. The approach is tested on three dimensions of globalization – the global push for performance, engagement through development support, and global open government movement – in four focus countries from the MENA region – Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia. Based on new data gathered through vignette techniques and in-depth interviews with senior civil servants, this book offers new insights on how globalization affects civil servants and what factors determine, enhance, or reduce its impact. Among the key findings are the following: First, civil servants across countries have become more professional and are more likely to utilize evidence-based approaches to persuade politicians to safeguard national interest. The emphasis on performance and accountability (via international performance indicator systems) is a disrupter of and accelerator towards performance management and evidence-based policy making, leading to the emergence of the engaged and, in some cases, rebel types of civil servant. Second, deepened direct engagement with international actors contributes to the socialization of international norms, and contributes to a shift towards civil service professionalization. Finally, there is overall agreement on values associated with indices across the countries, though less so with transparency and participation. Thus, while the global movement towards open government has the strong potential to influence civil servants and civil service systems, a shift towards the internalization of more inclusive and transparent decision making has not yet occurred in the countries under review. On this aspect, a more traditional response type continues to predominate.

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CIVIL SERVANTS AND GLOBALIZATION

Integrating MENA Countries in a Globalized Economy

Tony Verheijen, Katarína Staroňová, Ibrahim Elghandour and Anne-Lucie Lefebvre

First published in Great Britain in 2022 by

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ISBN 978-1-5292-1574-8 hardcover

ISBN 978-1-5292-1575-5 ePub

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The right of Tony Verheijen, Katarína Staroňová, Ibrahim Elghandour and Anne-Lucie Lefebvre to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

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Contents

  • List of Figures, Tables, Boxes and Graphs vi

  • List of Abbreviations viii

  • Preface x

  1. Part IAnalytical Framework and Regional Context
    1. 1Globalization and the Changing Role of Civil Servants: Towards an Analytical Framework 3
    2. 2The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Globalization 40
  2. Part IICivil Servants’ Response to Globalization
    1. 3Drilling Down on Globalization: Performance Indicators and Rankings as Features of Multi-Level Governance 75
    2. 4Deepening Engagement with International Development Institutions: Impact on Civil Servants 107
    3. 5Trickling Down: Impact of the Global Movement on Open Government 143
  3. Part IIIConclusion: Growing Impact despite Resilient Filters
    1. 6Globalization and Civil Servants: A Response Typology 177

  • Final Thoughts 208

  • References 209

  • Index 226

List of Figures, Tables, Boxes and Graphs

Figures

  1. 3.1Vignette 2: Civil servants’ response strategies to performance on indicators 90
  2. 4.1Vignette 1: Coordination and collaboration 126
  3. 4.2Vignette 4: Consultation and pressures from internal and external stakeholders 133
  4. 5.1Vignette 3: Accountability and mobilization of stakeholders 157

Tables

  1. 1.1Typology of civil servants based on civil servants’ responses to globalization 13
  2. 1.2Overview of organizations for which interviewees work 31
  3. 1.3Validation of vignette scenarios in piloting 34
  4. 1.4Qualitative vignettes and globalization concepts 35
  5. 4.1IMF programme disbursement per capita 115
  6. 4.2Summary of interview responses on international partner engagement 119
  7. 5.1Eligibility scores of focus countries on the Open Government Partnership 150
  8. 5.2Country scores on access to information 152
  9. 5.3Perceived importance of stakeholders 168
  10. 6.1Four types of civil servants 182
  11. 6.2Potential and risks of vignettes 188
  12. 6.3Response types by transmission channel and by country 197

Boxes

  1. 3.1Global performance indicators: methodologies and data quality 79
  2. 3.2Vignette 2: affiliation and allegiance 87
  3. 4.1Challenges on quality of resource flow data 110
  4. 4.2Vignette 1: coordination and collaboration 125
  5. 4.3Vignette 4: stakeholder consultation and transparency 132
  6. 5.1Vignette 3: application of access to information policies 156
  7. 5.2Vignette 4: participatory processes in practice 166

Graphs

  1. 3.1GCI ranking 80
  2. 3.2GCI: basic requirements ranking (2010–18) 81
  3. 3.3GCI: efficiency enhancers ranking (2010–18) 82
  4. 3.4GCI: innovation and sophistication ranking (2010–18) 82
  5. 3.5EFI: evolution of ranking 83
  6. 3.6EFI: evolution of ratings 83
  7. 3.7EDB ratings 85
  8. 3.8Country rankings: EDB 2020 86
  9. 4.1Total new receipts per capita, 2007–17 113
  10. 4.2Total grant receipts per capita, 2007–17 114

List of Abbreviations

ATI

Access to Information

CEDRE

Conférence Economique pour le Développement, par les Réformes et avec les Entreprises

CNEA

Comité Nationale de l’Environnement des Affaires (Morocco)

COVAX

COVID Vaccines Global Access

CSO

Civil Society Organization

DAC

Development Assistance Committee (OECD)

DPL

Development Policy Loan

EBPM

Evidence-Based Policy Making

EC

European Commission

EDB

Enabling Doing Business

EFI

Economic Freedom Index

EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment

EU

European Union

FOIA

Freedom of Information Act

G20

Group of Twenty (Premier forum for international economic cooperation)

GAVI

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, recently renamed Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance

GCC

Gulf Cooperation Council

GCI

Global Competitiveness Index

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GIZ

German Agency for International Co-operation

HCI

Human Capital Index (World Bank)

HDI

Human Development Index (UNDP)

IATI

International Aid Transparency Initiative

IBP

International Budget Partnership

ICT

Information and Communication Technology

IFI

International Financial Institution

IGPP

Instance Générale pour les PPP (Tunisia)

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IOs

International Organizations

IRM

Independent Reporting Mechanism

IT

Information Technology

LIC

lower-income countries

MENA

Middle East and North Africa

MFA

Macro-Financial Assistance

MIC

middle-income countries

NGO

non-governmental organization

NPM

New Public Management

ODRA

Open Data Readiness Assessment

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OFID

OPEC Fund for International Development

OG

Open Government

OGP

Open Government Partnership

OPEC

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

PEFA

Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability

PFM

Public Financial Management

PISA

Programme for International Student Assessment (OECD)

POGAR

Programme on Governance in the Arab Region

PPP

Public Private Partnership

RFI

Rapid Financing Initiative

RTI

Right to Information

SDGs

Sustainable Development Goals

SOEs

state-owned enterprises

TA

technical assistance

TI

Transparency International

UAE

United Arab Emirates

UK

United Kingdom

UN

United Nations

UNCAC

United Nations Convention against Corruption

UNCTAD

United Nations Commission for Trade and Development

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNICEF

United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund

US

United States of America

UTICA

Union Tunisienne de l’Industrie de la Commerce et de l‘Artisanat

WEF

World Economic Forum

WGI

Worldwide Governance Indicators

WHO

World Health Organization

WTO

World Trade Organization

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