Contents

• List of Figures and Tables ix

• Notes on Contributors xi

• Acknowledgments xvii

• Preface to All Four Volumes of Global Reflections on COVID-19 and Urban Inequalities xviii

1. oneIntroduction

   Brian Doucet, Rianne van Melik, and Pierre Filion 1

1. Part IWorking Practices
   1. twoStreet Vendor Struggles: Maintaining a Livelihood Through the COVID-19 Lockdown in Hanoi, Vietnam

      Sarah Turner and Nguyen N. Binh 21

   2. threeThe Man and the Scooter: How the Low-Income Worker Helps Save a Locked-Down City

      Abdellatif Qamhaieh 31

   3. fourThe Hidden Inequities and Divisions among Workers in the US: The Domestic Workers’ Workforce as Non-Essential Workers

      Carolina Sternberg 41

   4. fiveReflections of Living ‘Hand-to-Mouth’ among ‘Hustlers’ During COVID-19: Insights on the Realities of Poverty in Jamaica

      Sheere Brooks 51

   5. sixLooking at Urban Inequalities Regarding Different Jobs in the Age of COVID-19: Who Stayed at Home, Who Did Not?

      Ferhan Gezici and Cansu İlhan 61

1. Part IILife During Lockdown
   1. sevenAgeist Transport Infrastructures: Rethinking Public Transport amid COVID-19 Lockdowns in India

      Prajwal Nagesh, Ajay Bailey, Sobin George, and Lekha Subaiya 73

   2. eightThe Pandemic and Food Insecurity in Small Cities of the Global South: A Case Study of Noapara in Bangladesh

      M. Feisal Rahman and Hanna A. Ruszczyk 83

   3. nineHow Governments’ Response to the Pandemic Exacerbate Gender Inequalities in Belarus and Ukraine: Comparative Analysis of Minsk and Kyiv Cases

      Olga Matveieva and Vasil Navumau 93

   4. tenInfrastructure Inequality and Privileged Capacity to Transform Everyday Life in COVID-19 South Africa

      Charlotte Lemanski and Jiska de Groot 105

   5. elevenUnder Quarantine in a City Project: Stories of Fear, Family, Food, and Community

      Jeremy Auerbach, Jordin Clark, and Solange Muñoz 117

   6. twelveThe Impacts of Socio-Spatial Inequity: COVID-19 in São Paulo

      Roberto Rocco, Beatriz Kara José, Higor Carvalho, and Luciana Royer 129

1. Part IIIMigration, Migrants, and Refugees
   1. thirteenLiminality, Gender, and Ethnic Dynamics in Urban Space: COVID-19 and its Consequences for Young Female Migrants (YFM) in Dhaka

      Ellen Bal, Lorraine Nencel, Hosna J. Shewly, and Sanjeeb Drong 143

   2. fourteenSpatial Inequality and Colonial Palimpsest in Kuala Lumpur

      Nurul Azreen Azlan 155

   3. fifteenThe COVID-19 Pandemic and the Travails of Rohingya Refugees in the Largest Bangladeshi Refugee Camp

      Diotima Chattoraj, AKM Ahsan Ullah, and Mallik Akram Hossain 165

   4. sixteenSingapore’s Pandemic Governance and Deepening Marginalization of Migrant Workmen

      Sallie Yea 175

1. Part IVAge, Race, Gender, and Ability
   1. seventeenExperiential Equity: An Environmental Neuroscientific Lens for Disparities in Urban Stress

      Robin Mazumder 187

   2. eighteenWhat is the Relationship between COVID-19 and the Movement to ‘Defund the Police’?

      Richardson Dilworth and Timothy P.R. Weaver 197

   3. nineteenFollowing the Voices of Older Adults During the COVID-19 Crisis: Perspectives from the Netherlands

      Jolanda Lindenberg, Paul van de Vijver, Lieke de Kock, David van Bodegom, and Niels Bartels 209

   4. twentyThe Role of Social Infrastructures for Trans* People During the COVID-19 Pandemic

      Magdalena Rodekirchen and Sawyer Phinney 223

   5. twenty-oneCOVID-19 and Blind Spaces: Responding to Digital (In)Accessibility and Social Isolation During Lockdown for Blind, Deafblind, Low Vision, and Vision Impaired Persons in Aotearoa New Zealand

      Rebekah Graham, Bridgette Masters-Awatere, Chrissie Cowan, Amanda Stevens, and Rose Wilkinson 235

   6. twenty-twoConclusion

      Brian Doucet, Rianne van Melik, and Pierre Filion 245

• Index 251

List of Figures and Tables

Notes on Contributors

Jeremy Auerbach is a postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences at Colorado State University, US.

Nurul Azreen Azlan teaches in the MSc Sustainable Urban Design program at Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia.

Ajay Bailey is a Professor of Social Urban Transitions at the International Development Studies group, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.

Ellen Bal is an Associate Professor in the Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Niels Bartels is the Manager of Communications at the Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, the Netherlands.

Nguyen N. Binh is a PhD candidate in the Department of Geography, McGill University, Canada.Sheere Brooks is a Senior Lecturer and Researcher in the Faculty of Education and in the Faculty of Agriculture at the College of Agriculture Science and Education, Jamaica.

Higor Carvalho is a PhD candidate at the University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Diotima Chattoraj is a Research Assistant in the Department of Public Health at the National University of Singapore.

Jordin Clark is a PhD candidate within the Communication Studies program at Colorado State University, US.

Chrissie Cowan (Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Porou) is the Chief Executive for Kāpō Māori Aotearoa New Zealand Inc., a national Indigenous organization founded by blind, low vision, vision impaired, and deafblind Māori and their whānau in New Zealand.

Jiska de Groot is a Researcher at University of Cape Town, South Africa.

Lieke de Kock is a Junior Researcher at Leyden Academy, the Netherlands.

Richardson Dilworth is a Professor of Politics and Head of the Department of Politics at Drexel University, US.

Brian Doucet is an Associate Professor and Canada Research Chair in the School of Planning at the University of Waterloo, Canada.

Sanjeeb Drong is Director of the Indigenous Peoples Development Services (IPDS) and General Secretary of the Bangladesh Indigenous Peoples Forum. He has been active as a human rights activist for nearly three decades.

Pierre Filion is a Professor in the School of Planning at the University of Waterloo, Canada.Sobin George is an Assistant Professor at the Centre for Study of Social Change and Development (CSSCD), Institute for Social and Economic Change, India.

Ferhan Gezici is a Professor in the Urban and Regional Planning Department, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey.

Rebekah Graham (Pākehā) is based in the Waikato region of Aotearoa New Zealand and is a registered community psychologist. She also heads up Parents of Vision Impaired NZ.

Mallik Akram Hossain is a Professor in the Department of Geography and Environment at Jagannath University, Bangladesh.

Cansu İlhan is a Research Assistant and a PhD candidate in the Urban and Regional Planning Department, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey.

Beatriz Kara José is a Professor of Architecture and Urban Design at Centro Universitário SENAC, São Paulo, Brazil.Charlotte Lemanski is a Reader in Urban Geography at University of Cambridge, UK.

Jolanda Lindenberg is a senior staff member and Researcher leading the focus area Connected at the Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, the Netherlands.

Bridgette Masters-Awatere (Te Rarawa, Ngai Te Rangi, Tūwharetoa ki Kawerau) is the co-Director of the Māori & Psychology Research Unit (MPRU) at the School of Psychology, University of Waikato, New Zealand.

Olga Matveieva is an Associate Professor at Dnipropetrovsk Regional Institute for Public Administration of the National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine.

Robin Mazumder is an environmental neuroscientist and recent PhD graduate from the University of Waterloo, Canada, who researches the psychological impacts of living in urban environments.

Solange Muñoz is an Assistant Professor in Geography at University of Tennessee, US.

Prajwal Nagesh is a doctoral student in the Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, the Netherlands and Institute for Social and Economic Change, India.

Vasil Navumau is a Visiting Fellow at the Center for Advanced Internet Studies, Bochum, Germany.

Lorraine Nencel is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Sawyer Phinney is a PhD candidate in Geography at University of Manchester, UK.

Abdellatif Qamhaieh is an Associate Professor of Architecture and Urbanism at the American University in Dubai, UAE.

M. Feisal Rahman is a postdoctoral Researcher in the Department of Geography at Durham University, UK.

Roberto Rocco is an Associate Professor of Spatial Planning and Strategy at Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands.

Magdalena Rodekirchen is a PhD candidate in the Politics Department at University of Manchester, UK.

Luciana Royer is a Professor of Spatial Planning at University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Hanna A. Ruszczyk is an Urban Geographer in the Department of Geography at Durham University, UK.

Hosna J. Shewly is Senior Researcher in the Department of Social and Cultural Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Germany.

Carolina Sternberg is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Latin American and Latino Studies at DePaul University, Chicago, US.

Amanda Stevens is the Executive Officer for Deafblind Association NZ Charitable Trust, New Zealand.

Lekha Subaiya is an Assistant Professor at the Population Research Centre, Institute for Social and Economic Change, India.

Sarah Turner is a Professor in the Department of Geography, McGill University, Canada.

AKM Ahsan Ullah is an Associate Professor in the Department of Geography, Development and Environment at Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei.

David van Bodegom is a Professor of Medicine in the Department of Public Health and Primary Care at Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands, where he holds the Chair ‘Vitality in an ageing population’.

Paul van de Vijver MD is a PhD student in Healthy Ageing at Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care at Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands.

Rianne van Melik is an Assistant Professor at the Institute for Management Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Timothy P.R. Weaver is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University at Albany, State University of New York, US.

Rose Wilkinson is Chief Executive for the Association of Blind Citizens of New Zealand Inc.

Sallie Yea is a Human Geographer at La Trobe University, Australia.

Acknowledgments

This volume is one of four in the Global Reflections on COVID-19 and Urban Inequalities series, edited by Brian Doucet, Rianne van Melik, and Pierre Filion. The editors of this series would like to thank Bristol University Press, in particular Emily Watt and Freya Trand, for their help and guidance while working with us to publish these books quickly. Thanks to Helen Flitton and Anna Paterson from Newgen Publishing UK for their detailed and timely work on copy-editing and production. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers of our series proposal, as well as the individual manuscripts for their helpful and constructive feedback. We would especially like to thank Brayden Wilson, an MA student in Planning at the University of Waterloo, for his coordination of the administration of this project, including his frequent and thorough correspondence with over 70 contributors that helped to keep this project on schedule. Brayden’s work was supported thanks to funding from Canada Research Chairs program, under award number 950-231821.

Territorial Land Acknowledgment – Brian Doucet and Pierre Filion work at the University of Waterloo and reside in the City of Kitchener, which are situated on the Haldimand Tract, land that was promised to the Haudenosaunee of the Six Nations of the Grand River, and is within the traditional territory of the Neutral, Anishinaabeg, and Haudenosaunee peoples.