Front Matter

Author:

The book goes beyond analysis and critique of current society to look at alternative societies – in theory and practice, internationally, what they could be, and their real possibilities. It looks at a wide range of alternatives from communism to co-ops and participatory communities, a slower society with less work, eco-localism, digital alternatives, alternative education, communal alternatives to the family, food counterculture and freeganism, alternative social centres, alternatives to prison, social democracy and the welfare state, and decolonial and Global South alternatives. It covers Left-wing, Right-wing, Marxist, ecological, anti-racist and feminist perspectives. The book analyses particular themes that arise from these alternatives: utopianism, pluralist socialism, democratizing the economy, and alternative globalization. The book argues against dichotomies and polarizations that often characterize perspectives in this area and argues for a pluralist multilevel approach to alternatives – local, bottom-up, national, international, and global – and the combining of often counterposed alternatives – utopian and materialist, socialist and liberal, particular and general. The book is unique in the range and internationalism of alternatives it covers, and it advocates a distinctive pluralist and open approach. It argues for a pluralist democratic socialism. It is written in an accessible and readable way for students, experts, activists, and lay readers.

Alternatives to Capitalism in the 21st Century

Series Editors: Lara Monticelli, Copenhagen Business School, and Torsten Geelan, University of Copenhagen

Debates about the future of capitalism demonstrate the urgent need to envision and enact alternatives that can help tackle the multiple intertwined crises that societies are currently facing. This ground-breaking new series advances the international, comparative and interdisciplinary study of capitalism and its alternatives in the 21st Century.

Forthcoming in the series:

Capital to Commons

By Hannes Gerhardt

Out now in the series:

Politics of the Gift

Towards a Convivial Society

By Frank Adlof

The Future is Now

An Introduction to Prefigurative Politics

Edited by Lara Monticelli

Advisory board:

Wendy Harcourt, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands

Vasna Ramasar, Lund University, Sweden

Tom Malleson, King’s University College, Canada

Silvia Federici, Hofstra University, US

Richard D. Wolff, The New School for Social Research, US

Nancy Fraser, The New School for Social Research, US

Luke Martell, University of Sussex, UK

Laura Basu, openDemocracy and University of Utrecht, Netherlands

Juliet Schor, Boston College, US

Isabelle Ferreras, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium

Göran Therborn, University of Cambridge, UK

Gar Alperovitz, The Democracy Collective and the Next System Project, US

Francesca Forno, University of Trento, Italy

Flor Avelino, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Dutch Research Institute for Transitions, Netherlands

Emanuele Leonardi, University of Parma, Italy

David Bailey, University of Birmingham, UK

Ashish Kothari, Global Tapestry of Alternatives, India

Aris Komporozos-Athanasiou, University College London, UK

Arturo Escobar, University of North Carolina, US

Albena Azmanova, Brussels School of International Studies, Belgium

Find out more at

bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/alternatives-to-capitalism-in-the-21st-century

ALTERNATIVE SOCIETIES

For a Pluralist Socialism

Luke Martell

First published in Great Britain in 2023 by

Bristol University Press

University of Bristol

1–9 Old Park Hill

Bristol

BS2 8BB

UK

t: +44 (0)117 374 6645

e: bup-info@bristol.ac.uk

Details of international sales and distribution partners are available at bristoluniversitypress.co.uk

© Bristol University Press 2023

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-1-5292-2966-0 hardcover

ISBN 978-1-5292-2967-7 paperback

ISBN 978-1-5292-2968-4 ePub

ISBN 978-1-5292-2969-1 ePdf

The right of Luke Martell to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of Bristol University Press.

Every reasonable effort has been made to obtain permission to reproduce copyrighted material. If, however, anyone knows of an oversight, please contact the publisher.

The statements and opinions contained within this publication are solely those of the author and not of the University of Bristol or Bristol University Press. The University of Bristol and Bristol University Press disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any material published in this publication.

Bristol University Press works to counter discrimination on grounds of gender, race, disability, age and sexuality.

Cover design: Liam Roberts Design

Front cover image: ‘Murmuration’ by Zualidro

Bristol University Press use environmentally responsible print partners.

Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY

Contents

  • List of Tables vi

  • About the Author vii

  1. Introduction 1

  2. 1Alternative Economies 6
  3. 2Social Alternatives 57
  4. 3Utopianism and Its Critics 93
  5. 4Socialism and Its Critics 112
  6. 5The Democratic Economy 136
  7. 6Alternative Globalization 156
  8. Conclusion 178

  • Acknowledgements 182

  • Bibliography 183

  • Index 217

List of Tables

  1. 1.1Alternative economies 52
  2. 2.1Social alternatives 88
  3. 3.1Utopianism, materialism, and change 105
  4. 4.1Socialism and its responses to criticisms 131
  5. 5.1The democratic economy 152
  6. 6.1Alternative globalization 173

About the Author

Luke Martell is Teaching Fellow and Professor of Sociology at the University of Sussex. His interests are socialism, social democracy, social alternatives, and global politics. He is author of Ecology and Society (Polity Press, 1994), co-author of New Labour (Polity Press, 1998), co-author of Blair’s Britain (Polity Press, 2002), and author of The Sociology of Globalization (Polity Press, 2010, second edition 2017).

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