A

abortion 3, 37–38, 57, 139
absurdity 139–141, 146–147, 149
academia 33, 110–115, 121–122, 124, 146, 150
accessibility issues 85–86
actionism 58, 131
activism
anti-authoritarian activism 28
arrests/detentions/imprisonments 27, 31, 57–58, 60, 66, 129, 154, 162
art activism 28, 29, 74, 84–85, 125, 131
burnout 150
civic activism in Russia, history of 23–29
combining with parenthood 58–59
discursive opportunities for 17, 126–127
documentary plays/theatre 52–53, 102–106, 109, 136–137
do-it-yourself (DIY) activism (delai sam) 29
feminist awakening narratives 42, 63–67
goals of 12
local activism 28–29, 81
mediatized manifestations of feminism 123–147
mobility 18, 116
new manifestations of 1–2
reactive 132–133
relational space 72
research participants’ backgrounds 11–12
resource issues 99–122
safe spaces 91–95
spatio-temporal conceptualizations 19
on the streets 82–90
see also protest ; resistance
Adamson, M. 46, 48
agency 13, 16, 59–60, 62, 65–66, 113–114, 119, 121
Agnew, J. 112
Ahmed, S. 120, 152
Aivazova, S. 29
Alexander, J. 136
All-Russian Women’s Congress 30
alternative self-making 16, 42, 45, 60, 68
anarchism 13, 56, 60
anarcho-queer feminism 12, 14
anonymity 76
see also invisibility
anti-feminist sentiments 2, 42
Apakhonchich, D. 154
appearance 45–46, 109, 127–128
appearances, politics of 5, 127, 139–145
Arab Spring 125
Arendt, H. 87, 127
arrests/detentions/imprisonments 27, 31, 57–58, 60, 66, 129, 154, 162
art of femininity 46
art of the weak 140
Article 31 26
arts
accessibility issues 85–86
art activism 28, 29, 74, 84–85, 125, 131
camouflaged resistance 15
counter-cultural projects 13
as dialogue 84–85
embodied knowledge 108
festivals 79
as ‘new streets’ 82–86
politicization 125
queer art projects 107–108
as tool for resistance 125
Ashwin, S. 30, 32
asylum seekers 77
atomization of the political sphere 96–97, 98
atomized self 48, 67, 68
Aune, K. 2, 125
austerity 2
authoritarianism
absurdity 139
counterpublics 71, 73
digital media 71
early 2000s 49
in families 44
hidden resistance 15, 148
postfeminism 42
resistance 7, 15, 27, 139, 147, 148
in Russia 2, 3, 149, 155
underground movements 73–74

B

Baaz, M. 15, 62, 71, 144–145, 146
Baer, H. 126, 134
Bayat, A. 82
beauty norms 46
Bernstein, A. 7, 39, 57, 59, 128
Bhabha, Homi K. 145
bias, researcher 9, 163–164
birth rate 3, 30, 36, 37, 39
Bode, N. 13, 17, 28, 71, 144
body positivity movement 153
Bolshevik Revolution 30, 131
Borozdina, E. 36, 39
bourgeois lifestyles 30, 32
Brooks Platt, J. 131
Brygalina, J. 25, 26, 32, 35
Buckley, M. 24, 31, 66, 124
Butler, J. 16, 47, 87, 88, 90, 127, 136

C

Caiazza, A. 7, 33, 35, 57, 59
carnivalesque, a line of action 127, 139–141, 146–147
cathedrals as sites of activism 1, 87, 88, 127, 131, 143
chains of action 21
Chechnya 35, 54, 112
Children 404 (Deti 404) 77
church-state relationships 3, 67, 88
civic activism in Russia, history of 23–29
civic infrastructure 23, 25
Clément, K. 28, 81
Cloud, D. 53, 105
cognitive praxis 20, 99–122, 107
Cohn, C. 6
collective healing 52
collective knowledge production 102, 104
collective trauma 51, 67
commercial spaces 70, 78
Committee for State Security (KGB) 31
Committee of Soldiers’ Mothers (CSM) 35, 54, 59
Committee of Soviet Women 30
communist citizens 67
Communist Party 30
confrontations 16, 81–82, 88–89, 118, 127–128, 129, 132, 135
Connell, R. 38, 140
conservativism
feminism 55–60, 61
neoconservativist turn 36–37, 40
patriarchal self 49
resistance 7
rising across the world 151
in Russia 3, 139
Russian Orthodox Church 3
shelter metaphor 90, 94
see also neoconservativism
constant movement 76, 77–78, 160
copycat movements 28
counter-conduct 16
counter-cultural projects 13, 24, 28, 46, 131
counter-history 63
counterpublics 71, 73
counter-spaces 81, 98
covert activism/resistance 15, 24, 72–82, 127, 132–135, 146, 148
see also invisibility
cracks in everyday life 43–44
crisis centre movement 36, 51, 92, 104
cult of war 55
culture
counter-cultural projects 13, 24, 28, 46, 131
cultural appropriation 85, 110
dissident movements 24
gender 6
hidden feminism in popular culture 133
popular culture 133
therapeutic culture 2, 42, 52, 53–54, 60, 68, 150, 160
as a tool kit 4, 20, 21, 120, 122, 124
culture of suffering 135
culture of violence 5, 41, 50–55, 85, 88, 148
Curtis, A. 139
Cvetkovich, A. 51, 53

D

Daphi, P. 18, 71
Davis, K. 160
Day of the Defender of the Fatherland 1, 55, 87
De Certeau, M. 15, 19, 71, 78, 79, 140
De Lauretis, T. 96
Dean, J. 2, 125
Decembrists 141
decriminalization of simple battery (poboi) 40, 41, 153
Della Porta, D. 16, 17, 126
democracy 27, 34
demographic crisis 3, 30, 36, 37, 39
de-Westernization of feminism 37, 43
see also Western bias, challenging
Diani, M. 16, 17, 126
digital media
blending the digital and the real 138, 143, 159
digital activism 1–2, 17, 126
as means to bypass government media 128
networking via 18, 76–77
as space of feminist activism 71
street metaphor 90
see also internet ; online social networks ; social media
disability 86
disciplinary power 17
Dissenters’ Marches 26
dissident movements 24, 30, 72–73
do-it-yourself (DIY) activism (delai sam) 29
domestic violence 40, 41, 54, 55, 87–88, 130, 154
Dzhibladzhe, J. 24, 25, 26, 111

E

economic crisis 2
Edwards, B. 7, 16, 20
Einwohner, R.L. 4, 14, 16, 17, 18, 101, 127
Elder, M. 3
elections 3, 26, 57–58
see also ‘For Fair Elections’ protests (2011–2013)
elites 4, 25, 27, 35, 84, 86, 112–113
emancipation of women 2, 30, 39, 61, 62, 63, 97
embodied knowledge 104, 105, 108, 130
emotional cultures 135
emotional expression 21, 135, 140, 142
Engel, B. 30
English 76, 77, 116, 129, 158
Enigbokan, A. 29
Ensler, Eve 102
environmental movement 25
epistemic insurrection 63
epistemic practices 20, 34
epistemic resources 20, 24, 42, 99–122, 150
Erpyleva, S. 81
escaping the system without leaving it 79–82
essentialist gender roles 3, 31, 33, 35, 40, 47, 61, 62, 67, 88
Essig, L. 31, 36, 47, 73, 75
ethical research questions 161–163
ethnic appropriation 13
ethnography 6, 7–14, 43, 86, 156–164
Evans, A. 23, 24, 28
Evans, E. 111
everyday experiences as epistemic resource 103–105, 115–120
everyday resistance 15, 19, 76, 132–133
exhibitions 74, 78, 84–86, 125
expertise, politics of 5, 101, 121
Eyal, G. 63
Eyerman, R. 20, 51, 100, 101, 136, 160

F

fading pickets 137
family
abolition of the 30, 62
domestic violence 40, 41, 54, 55, 87–88, 130, 154
family history and feminist awakenings 44
gender roles 30
government policies 39
heteronormativity 90, 94
marriage 43, 62
Family Code 33
far right 2
Farris, S. 2, 114
fashion shows 79, 134, 140
feeling rules 135, 146
Femen 125, 131, 134
femininity
deployed as political tool 57
feminine experience as epistemic resource 104
narrow beauty norms 46
performing traditional 87–88
private sphere as feminine 86–87
queer tango get-togethers 107
queering of 89–90
as weakness 38, 57, 140
feminist alliances 13–14
feminist electoral candidates 57–58
feminist ethnography 7–14, 156–157
Feminist Pencil collective 84
Feminist Topical Dictionary exhibition 85–86
femonationalism 2
festivals 78, 79, 91, 99, 125, 136
fieldwork 8, 9, 156–164
Flacks, R. 11
flash mobs 28, 53, 136
Flikke, G. 139
‘For Fair Elections’ protests (2011–2013) 13, 26, 56, 71, 81, 82–83, 84, 135, 147
foreign funding 25–26, 27, 34–35, 92, 124
Foucault, M. 16, 44
Fraser, N. 71, 73, 82, 86
free spaces 81, 98
freedom of assembly, right to 26
funding
for activism 16–17
declining 124
foreign funding 25–26, 27, 34–35, 92, 124
post-Soviet civic infrastructure development 25–26
women’s NGOs 34–35

G

Gabowitsch, M. 3, 26, 27, 28, 71, 81, 83, 84, 86, 131, 144, 148
Gal, S. 6, 86, 90
Gapova, E. 7, 38, 39, 59, 113, 125, 138, 144
Gayropa 37
Geertz, C. 9
Gelman, V. 3, 27
gender, definition 6
gender binary 47
gender norms 16, 46, 61, 102–103, 107
gender politics in Russia 29–32
gender roles
conservatist politics 36
essentialist 3, 31, 33, 35, 40, 47, 61, 62, 67, 88
heteronormativity 43
LGBTQ 75–76
playing with 130–131
in public 87–88
seeing through new eyes 44
Soviet era 39
gender studies 33–34, 35, 63, 115
gendered knowledge 104
gendered violence
culture of violence 50–55
decriminalization of simple battery (poboi) 40, 41, 153
domestic violence 40, 41, 54, 55, 87–88, 130, 154
epistemic resources 102, 104
feminist vocabulary of 2
future legislation on 154
media 128, 129
shelter metaphor 92–93
shock, a line of action 130
women’s organizations in the 1990s 35
genderqueer feminists 11, 93
Gill, R. 2, 42, 48, 66, 68, 149
Gilson, E.C. 53
glasnost 24–25, 31, 124
Glassman, J. 80
global issue, feminism as 79–80, 82, 151
global therapeutic culture 2
Goodwin, J. 21, 140
Gorbachëv, M. 31
Goscilo, H. 142, 145
Gould, D.B. 135
grassroots initiatives 25, 27, 28–29, 32, 57, 83, 154
Greene, S. 24, 73
Guerrilla Girls 131
gynocentric epistemic resources 101, 104, 118

H

Haenfler, R. 80
Hakala, K. 9
Haraway, D. 9
Harvey, D. 18, 72
Hazleden, R. 49
Hemment, J. 7, 25, 26, 34, 39, 111, 124, 140, 142, 163
Hemmings, C. 109, 114
Henderson, S. 7, 25, 32, 34, 35, 124, 163
Henry, L. 25, 27
heteronormativity 43, 61, 62, 90, 94
heterosexual matrix 47
hidden activism/resistance 76, 133–134
see also covert activism/resistance ; invisibility
hierarchies 9, 56, 75, 107, 113, 150
hijacking publicity, a line of action 138
Hill Collins, P. 104
Hirsjärvi, S. 159
historical materials, access to 63
history of feminism in Russia 23–40, 61–64, 66, 97, 112, 123–125, 152–153
Hochschild, A. 135
Hollander, J.A. 4, 14, 16, 17, 18, 101, 127
home as metaphor 94, 96
‘homo propaganda’ laws 38, 39, 47, 52, 89, 134, 139, 140
homophobia 37, 38, 45, 133–134, 140
homosexuality 38, 89
see also LGBTQ ; sexuality
hooks, bell 101–102, 112
human rights groups 25, 26, 37, 38
Hurme, H. 159
Hutchings, S. 3, 37
Huttunen, L. 158, 160
Hynninen, P. 9

I

‘I am not afraid to tell’ (Ia ne boius’ skazat’) campaign 53, 136, 153
Iabloko party 12
identity
fluid 47
hiding 47, 76
Illouz, Eva 53–54
inclusivity of spaces 90–97
independent civic sphere 26
independent media 45, 128, 144
individual responsibility versus structural change 66–67
individualized self 2, 42, 43, 67, 68, 149
inequality 35
institutionalization 12, 25
internal struggles within feminism 5, 7, 100–122, 150–151
international cooperation 34
international media 129, 154
international solidarity 151
International Women’s Day 123, 137, 141
internet
activism 17
art activism 28
atomization of groups 151–152
epistemic practices 117
international reach 77
invisibility 76
as ‘new streets’ 82
performance 87, 88, 90
‘sovereign internet’ 154
as space for civic activism 28
as space of feminist activism 71, 126
staging protests 137–138
state restrictions on 154
virtual ethnography 158, 162
see also digital media
intersectionality 85, 86, 111, 114, 116, 118, 161
intersexuality 14
interview methods 8, 156–157
invisibility 15, 19, 56, 72–78, 89, 152
Iukina, I. 23, 24, 29, 30

J

Jamison, A. 20, 100, 101, 160
Jäntti, S. 96
Jasper, J. 21, 63, 131
Johansson, A. 71
Johnson, J.E. 4, 36, 51, 73, 92, 148
Johnson, M. 160–161
Johnson, O. 28, 141
Jonson, L. 7, 125, 137
Juris, J. 136

K

Kay, R. 7, 34, 124
Khachaturian sisters 154
Kharkhordin, O. 48, 67
Kirill, Patriarch 3, 37
Kligman, G. 6, 86, 90
Klimova, L. 77
knowing otherwise 109
knowledge resources 20, 24, 42, 99–122, 150
Kollontai, A. 62
Komaromi, A. 31, 73
Kondakov, A. 7, 12, 39, 100
Kryzs Acord, S. 108

L

Lakoff, G. 160–161
language, feminism as a 2
language barriers 77, 116
Lapina, V. 39, 75
Lassila, J. 140
Lawler, S. 113, 160
leadership 97
Lefebvre, H. 71
leftist movements 13, 40, 56, 58
legislation
absurdity 139
ban on hurting religious feelings 40, 131, 139
conservativism 3
decriminalization of simple battery (poboi) 40, 41, 153
foreign agent law 154
‘homo propaganda’ laws 38, 39, 47, 52, 89, 134, 139, 140
lobbying by women’s groups 33
restrictions against protest 26, 27, 60, 71, 78, 82–83, 125, 154
Leitner, H. 18, 72
lens metaphors 44, 62
Lerner, J. 48
lesbianism 31, 75
LGBTQ
covert resistance 15
exhibitions 74
feminist alliances 13–14
hidden activism 133–134
invisibility 74–78
LGBT movements 36, 58
neoconservativism 38
networking online 77
often in the same space as feminists 74–75
Russian Orthodox Church 37
safe spaces 96
Soviet era 31, 36, 73
spatialities 74–78, 79
street spaces of protest 83
as a Western import 37
liberalism 10, 17, 24, 30, 36, 39, 40, 56, 123–124
see also neoliberalism
Lilja, M. 16, 17, 42, 45, 59
Lissyutkina, L. 89
lobbying 32–33, 57
local activism 28–29, 81
local feminist knowledge and history 119, 151–152
local media 128
Lonkila, M. 71
loose networked movements 13, 17
Lorde, A. 4, 49, 68
Lucy Lippard collective 84
Luhtakallio, E. 140

M

Mackay, F. 10–11, 47
Mahmood, S. 4, 15, 16, 17, 46, 101, 109
Makarychev, A. 13, 17, 28, 71, 144
male feminists 55, 61
Mamonova, T. 31
March of Millions, Moscow (2012) 27
Maria (dissident group) 30–31
marriage 43, 62
Martin, D. 18, 71, 72, 96
masculinity
cult of strong men 55
deployed as political tool 57
masculine experience as epistemic resource 104
performing traditional 87–88
political discourses of 55
politics 6, 38
public sphere as masculine 86–87
queer tango get-togethers 107
‘real man’ (muzhik) 39, 55, 57
war 54–55
masking, a line of action 127, 134
Mason, J. 4
Massey, D. 18, 19, 72, 116
Matero, J. 104
Matza, T. 48
McCarthy, J.D. 7
McIntosh Sundstrom, L. 7, 33, 34
McNay, L. 16, 44
McRobbie, A. 42, 48, 66, 149
media
feminism in the mainstream media 153
government control of 3, 126
independent media 45, 128, 144
media skills 128, 144, 145, 154
mediatized manifestations of feminism 123–147
neoconservativism 3
political opportunity structure 17
politics of appearances 5
samizdat 24, 30–31, 73
shocking 127–132
speed of events 131–132
television 3, 126, 129
see also digital media ; social media
Medina, J. 63
meeting places 72
Melnychenko, A. 136
mental mobility 116
Meretoja, H. 160
Messerschmidt, J. 38, 140
#MeToo 53, 136
Meyer, D. 13, 72
migration 77, 80, 134
military politics 35, 88
Miller, B. 18, 71, 72, 96
mirroring of the power politics 139, 141, 144–146
Mirza, H.S. 73
misogyny
alertness to 49
internalized 44, 45, 46, 47–48
Mizulina, E. 153
Mohanty, C. 96
morality 37–38, 45, 63–67, 68
Moscow 78, 79, 83, 84, 85, 123
Moscow Association of Sexual Minorities 36
Moscow Centre for Gender Studies 31–32, 33, 34
Moscow Fashion Week 140
‘mother capital’ 39
motherhood 3, 35, 58–59
movie nights 133
Murdoch, J. 72
Murphy, M. 104, 105
mutual support groups 54
My own stranger (Svoia Chuzhaia) 136

N

Nagar, R. 9, 163–164
Narodnaia Volia (People’s Will) movement 66
narratives 41–69, 160
Nartova, N. 36, 38
Nash, J. 49
Nashi 140, 142
nationalism 37, 141
Naval’nyi, A. 154
neoconservativism 3, 23, 36–40, 73, 88, 139, 140
neoliberalism 2, 42, 43, 49, 66–67, 68, 149
networks 18, 71
see also online social networks
NGOs (non-governmental organizations) 11, 17, 27, 33–34, 92, 144, 154
Nikiporets-Takigava, G. 17, 126
non-compliance, as resistance 15
‘Non-ordinary panties’ (Neobyknovennye trusy) 134, 140

O

Oates, S. 141
observation methods 158–159
Omel’chenko, E. 65
online social networks 18, 26, 76–77, 117
optics, feminism as 44, 63
Ortner, S. 9
Östman, S. 162, 163
othering 2
Oushakine, S. 54, 61

P

paedophilia 38
Paina, E. 17, 126
Palmu, T. 158
paranoid readings 42–43, 67, 68
parlour culture 97
Parviainen, J. 130
paternalism 39
pathologization of the self 48–49
patriarchal self 43–49
patriarchy 13, 31, 55, 56, 61, 65, 95
Pavlenskii, P. 28, 131
perestroika 24–25, 31, 32, 124
performance 76, 78, 86–90, 102–106, 125, 130, 134–136, 142
performativity 1, 52–53, 136
Perheentupa, I. 48
personal as theoretical 120, 152
Persson, E. 38
picketing 125, 129, 137
Pietilä, I. 163
police 78, 84, 92–93, 125, 129, 154
politics
atomization of the political sphere 96–97, 98
concentrations of power 27
definition 4
feminism 4, 29–32
gender as a tool of 6
military politics 35, 88
neoconservative turn 36–40
political apathy 60
political opportunity structure 16–17
political theatre 88, 137
politicization 105, 125
progressive politics 30, 61, 62, 63
queerness as a political position 47
reparative politics 4–5, 41, 67–69
resistance 15
sexism 56
spatial politics 18
state control of civic groups 25–26
therapeutic dimensions 15
women’s participation in 29–30, 31, 32–33, 57–58
see also conservativism ; liberalism ; neo conservativism ; neo liberalism
politics of appearances 5, 127, 139–145
politics of expertise 5, 101, 121
politics of sheltering 5, 71, 92, 96–98
politics of veiling 127, 132–135, 146
Polletta, F. 63, 81, 98
popular culture 133
populism 123
pornography 12
Posadskaya, A. 7, 24, 30, 31, 32, 33, 57, 124
Posadskaya-Vanderbeck, A. 30
postfeminism 2, 42, 43, 48, 66–67, 68, 149
post-truth era 123, 142
power
challenging hegemonic discourses 126
concentrations of power 27–28
ethnography 9
intangible resources 144
male-female power relations 87–88
mirroring of the power politics 139, 141, 144–146
ordering of public space 82
of the powerless 140
relational space 72
remembering and forgetting 62–63
resistance 7, 16, 17, 42, 101
Soviet underground movements 24, 72–73, 80, 86, 89
strategy versus tactic 19
pre-Soviet feminism 62, 63, 66
‘primitive’ feminists 19, 64, 111, 114, 118
privacy 5, 18, 71–72, 89–90, 92, 95, 99, 153
private sphere as feminine 86–87, 89
progressive politics 30, 61, 62, 63
protest
body as site for 125
counter-protest 137
‘For Fair Elections’ protests (2011–2013) 13, 26–27, 56, 71, 81, 82–83, 84, 135, 147
flash mobs 28, 53, 136
against gendered violence (2019) 154
pre-Soviet 62
punishment for 27, 60
state restrictions on 26, 27, 60, 71, 78, 82–83, 125, 154
street spaces 82–84
‘protest ghettos’ 83
psychologization of everyday life 48
Puar, J.K. 114
public/private space negotiations 86–90
punk 13, 24
Punk Prayer (Pussy Riot) 3, 39, 56, 57, 90, 128, 131, 138
Pussy Riot 3, 7, 28, 39, 56, 57, 90, 125, 128, 131, 134, 138, 143, 144
Putin, V. 26–27, 39, 56–57, 71, 128, 142, 155

Q

queer activism 46–47
queer culture in Russia 47
queer epistemic resources 42, 101, 106–110
queer skirts 79, 109
queer tango get-togethers 96, 106–107
queer theory 108, 109–110, 114, 118
queerfeminism 12, 14, 47, 111, 113, 134
Queering kitchen (2016) video 87, 89–90
queering knowledge 42

R

race/ethnicity 114
radical feminism 12–13, 58, 111, 118, 152
Rapoport, B. 130
Rastas, A. 163
‘real man’ (muzhik) 39, 55, 57
Reay, D. 73
relational space 18, 72, 87, 88
religion 37, 40, 55, 110, 130–131, 139
religious appropriation 13, 110
religious symbols 110
remembering and forgetting 62–63
reparative acts 42–43
reparative perspectives 53, 59–60
reparative politics 4–5, 41, 67–69
reproductive health activists 49, 57
research methods 8, 156–164
research participants 10–14
researcher positionality 9, 163–164
resistance
activism 14–17
alternative self-making 45
ambiguity 134
covert resistance 15, 24, 72–82, 146
definition 14–15
effect of resources on 148–155
ethico-moral context 15
everyday resistance 15, 19, 76, 132–133
hidden resistance 81, 134
invisibility 74–78
loud forms of 16
motivations for 15
against neoconvervativism 36–37
overt resistance 16, 82
power 7, 16, 17, 42, 101
refraining from action as 16
Soviet underground movements 24
spatialities 17–19, 71, 78, 79
subtle forms of 15, 71
therapeutic dimensions 15
through appearance 46
through art 28
tracing feminist resistance in Russia 14–17
resourceful feminists 5–6, 124, 143–144, 150
resources
effect on feminist resistance 148–155
epistemic resources 20, 24, 42, 99–122, 150
intangible 124
media experience as 144
‘resourceful feminists’ 5–6, 150
social movement scholarship 7
Reznikova, O. 112
Riabov, O. 38, 39, 57
Riabova, T. 38, 39, 57
Ries, N. 54, 59
rights 26, 30, 63, 97
Rimashevskaia, N. 31, 32
Riot Grrrl 13, 46, 131
Rivkin-Fish, M. 3, 36, 37, 49, 57, 148
Road to the temple (2016) action 87–88, 90
Robertson, G. 27, 137
Roestone Collective 98
Rossi, L. 16
Rotkirch, A. 30, 39, 62
Rottenberg, C. 2
Roudakova, N. 3, 135, 137, 141, 142, 147, 149
Routledge, P. 95
Russian Orthodox Church (ROC)
cathedrals as sites of activism 1, 87, 88, 127, 131, 143
Church-state relationships 3, 67, 88
gender norms 3, 61, 67
male-female power relations 88
morality 37–38
self-sacrifice 66
traditional ‘Russianness’ 37
Rutsaild, R. 30

S

Saarinen, A. 4, 36, 51, 73, 92, 148
sabotage, as resistance 15
safe spaces 98
Salmenniemi, S. 7, 25, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 46, 47, 48, 66, 112, 124, 125
samizdat 24, 30–31, 73
scandals 130
‘school of feminism’ 102, 105
schools of feminism 10–11
Scott, J. 6, 15, 76, 77, 81, 132, 134
second-wave feminism 111
Sederholm, H. 19, 78
Sedgwick, E. 42–43, 67, 68, 75, 89
self-care 49, 68
self-defence 91–92, 154
self-disciplinary practices 16
self-education 34
self-help literature 48
self-making 16, 42, 45, 47–48, 60, 68
self-relation 49
self-sacrifice 65–66, 68
self-transformation 44
Semukhina, O. 40
Senkova, O. 7, 148
sensuality 108
sex education 133
sex work/prostitution 12–13, 99, 100, 119, 153
sexism 56, 75
sexual violence 36, 41, 50, 51, 92, 132
sexuality
fluid 47
neoconservatism 37, see also LGBTQ
in private 89
trauma 52
shelter metaphor 72, 90–97, 153–154
sheltering, politics of 5, 71, 96–98
shelters 36, 92
shock, a line of action 129–132, 134, 135, 145–147
Simona (feminist café, St Petersburg) 153
simple battery (poboi) 40, 41, 153
single-person performances 78, 125
Skeggs, B. 9, 18, 113, 114, 116, 160
SlutWalk 125, 134
smaller cities 76–77
smuggling, a line of action 127, 132–133
social class 36, 83, 84, 112, 113, 116, 119, 129, 151
social media
activism 1
art activism 28
epistemic practices 117
flash mobs 53, 136
fundraising 144
invisibility 76–77
as means to bypass government media 128
networking via 18
rigging of Duma elections 2011 26
as site of research 8
spaces of activism 28, 71
transnational audiences 90
visibility 126, 129
social movement scholarship 7
social responsibility 65
socio-spatial situationality 18, 100
solidarization 151, 154
Solovey, V. 6, 7, 13, 112, 152
Somers, M.R. 160
Soviet Union
civic activism 23–24
feminism 61–62
gender politics 29–32, 39
lesbianism 75
LGBTQ 31, 36, 73
matriarchies 61
publics nested within the private 86, 89
underground movements 24, 72–73, 80, 86, 89
Soviet women’s organization 24
spatial brokers 91, 95–97, 122
spatialities 17–19, 28–29, 70–98, 105, 148, 153, 160
Sperling, V. 6, 7, 32, 35, 36–37, 38, 39, 47, 51, 56–57, 124, 137, 144
spill-over movements 13, 72
St Petersburg 28, 78, 83, 84, 87, 130, 138, 153
staging, a line of action 127, 136–139, 141, 145–147
Stalin, J. 24, 30
stealing publicity, a line of action 127, 138–139, 145–147
Stein, A. 54
Stella, F. 36, 38, 77
‘stiob’ 142, 147, 149
Strategy 31 protests 26
strategy versus tactic 19, 78, 79
street metaphor 72, 82–90
strong men, cult of 55
see also ‘real man’ (muzhik)
Strukov, V. 126
subaltern counterpublic 71, 73
Sutherland, I. 108
svoi (one’s own people) 96, 117
Swedish model for sex work/prostitution 12, 13
Swidler, A. 4, 19–20, 21, 120, 124, 125, 126, 127, 142, 146, 160

T

tactic 19, 76, 78, 79
Tarrow, S. 16
Taylor, V. 54
technologies of the self 16
Temkina, A. 3, 25, 26, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 112
temporalities 19, 70–71, 78, 79, 97–98, 152
theatre 52–53, 102–106, 109, 136–137
therapeutic concept of trauma 50–51
therapeutic culture 2, 42, 52, 53–54, 60, 68, 150, 160
therapeutic language 48
thick description 9
Tilly, C. 16
Tolonen, T. 158
Tolz, V. 3, 37
‘traditional’ Russianness 37, 38, 40, 57, 61
transgender movements 13–14, 93
translation 76
transnational feminism 80
trauma 50–55, 67, 68, 92, 151
trolling 139
Tuller, D. 47
Turkey 125
turning the gaze, a line of action 127, 134–135
Turtiainen, R. 162, 163

U

Ukrainian war 55, 155
underground cafés 73
underground metaphor 72–82
underground movements 24, 30, 72–73, 80, 86, 89
underground publics 86, 90
universities, feminist politics in 33–34
Unwanted Organization 89, 90
urban art activism 29
urban policies 86
urban spaces 81

V

Vagina Monologues (Ensler) 102–106
Vänskä, A. 42
veiling, politics of 127, 132–135, 140, 146
Viennese Actionists 131
Vinthagen, S. 16, 17, 42, 45, 59, 71, 130
violence
culture of violence 5, 41, 50–55, 85, 88, 148
domestic violence 40, 41, 54, 55, 87–88, 130, 154
male victims of 55
norms of 53
performance of 130
self-defence 91–92, 154
sexual violence 36, 50, 51, 92, 132
systemic 54–55, 67
violence against women 30–31, 36, 40, 50–55, 102, 104
war 54–55
see also gendered violence
viral, going 126, 128, 131, 136
Voina 28, 131, 141

W

Waters, E. 30, 31, 32
wave model of feminism 118
Western bias, challenging 6, 14, 43, 112, 119, 163–164
Western feminism 54, 61, 63–64, 112, 119, 152
Western values 37
What about Love? exhibition 84
Whittier, N. 13, 72
Wiedlack, K. 6, 7, 112, 148, 151, 152
Wilkinson, C. 36, 37, 38, 61
Woman and Russia publication (samizdat) 30
‘woman question’ 29–32
Women of Russia (WR) 33
women-only spaces 94
Women’s Equal Rights Union 29
women’s movements 7, 29, 31, 32–36, 37, 47, 51, 63
work on the self (rabota nad soboi) 48, 67

Y

Yatsyk, A. 131, 139
Yurchak, A. 24, 80, 96, 98, 117, 147, 148, 149
Yuval-Davis, N. 94

Z

Zakharova, N. 31
Zald, M.N. 7
Zdravomyslova, E. 3, 7, 25, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 73, 80, 112
Zhaivoronok, D. 7, 12, 100