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This paper examines the case of Madrid with examples of mobilisation and transformative actions in public spaces of the city. It discusses how virtualisation of networks and spaces through ICTs (information and communication technologies) has contributed to new patterns of mobilisation and social networks among participants and supporters. Following sections will give an account of the transformation of political action in the real and virtual public space of Madrid and on the evolution of Spanish urban social movements in relation to these issues, and the role of new urban activists in the governance patterns of the neoliberal city in crises.
This chapter analyses FBOs and their relationship to central-local government, and changes in welfare provision designed to combat social exclusion in the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. Questions are posed in relation to FBOs, welfare retrenchment and central-local government, raising the issue of whether FBOs are a substitute or complement as welfare providers. The chapter also speculates on the current and future role of FBOs in the context of the global economic crisis.
The concept of the postsecular is addressed, referring to emergent spaces where faith-based and secular interests collaborate. The chapter sets out the argument that FBOs are not tools of neoliberalism, supported by case material including empirical examples of London citizens (UK) and CARF (The Netherlands). The cases are connected with the political and ethical promise of FBOs in urban spaces.
