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  • Author or Editor: Kate Spreadbury with Hubbard Rachel x
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The assessment and management of risk is central to the adult safeguarding process. Risk assessments should be informed by the adult wherever possible, and assessments reviewed according to changes in the level and nature of risk. We consider best practice in carrying out risk assessments in a range of situations and environments, how professional curiosity informs risk assessment and give examples of risk assessment tools.

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We explore the legal context for adult safeguarding practice, including the central role played in England by the Care Act 2014 in providing a framework for adult safeguarding practice. Other key legal frameworks will also be considered. Finally, we will explore how practitioners can develop ‘legal literacy’

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Second Edition

The second edition of this best-selling book provides an essential guide to best practice in adult safeguarding. It has been updated to include recent legislative, guidance and research-based developments and relates them to useful practice examples.

Featuring new support materials and key case studies, it includes:

  • a focus on working with marginalised groups under the safeguarding and prevention duties, including ‘transitional’ safeguarding;

  • an exploration of best practice in light of changes to national guidance and research;

  • findings from a range of Safeguarding Adult Reviews with reflections on the outcomes of two national (England) Safeguarding Review Audits; and

  • an expansion of the concepts of professional curiosity and trauma informed/aware approaches.

Students and practitioners are guided to reflect on practice and to extend their skills, knowledge and values to become confident and competent in the complex area of adult safeguarding.

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This chapter looks in detail at some of the essential components of an enquiry, whether single or multi-agency, with an emphasis on practical approaches to involve adults and working with other agencies. We revisit the duty of care and the role of escalation in fulfilling this. The vital role of advocacy is considered.

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We explore how the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 2005 is used in the course of safeguarding adults’ activity. In this context we consider assessments of capacity and making best-interest decisions, emphasising the benefits to the person and those working with them. We ask what is meant by ‘executive dysfunction’ and what is the relevance of this to mental capacity? We explore the court of protection and consider recent case law. Lastly, we review how the MCA can be misunderstood by practitioners.

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Adult safeguarding practice demands that we are able to build a working relationship with an adult at risk and those who are close to them including, at times, the person who has caused harm. The competencies that practitioners need to build relationships are outlined, including the role of professional curiosity in relationship building. We explore the ethical and communication challenges of working with people experiencing harm, abuse and discrimination, as well as how the understanding of your own values and how these interact with professional ethics informs our practice. The importance of understanding power and oppression through the life course. We describe how to build relationships with colleagues from other organisations.

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Decisions made at different points in the adult safeguarding process are explored. Barriers and supports to effective decision making are reviewed, including bias and disagreement. We will look at how some of the organisations involved in adult safeguarding make decisions and what factors and information are used to do this. How do we decide who undertakes the enquiry?

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We explore to whom the statutory duty to undertake an enquiry under Section 42 of the Care Act 2014 applies and the challenges faced by different groups in protecting themselves and in claiming the right to protection. We consider what ‘transitional safeguarding’ means. Categories of harm defined in the Care Act statutory guidance are not prescriptive, we look at how these are now expanded to include forced marriage, female genital mutilation or exploitation in terrorist activities, sexual and criminal exploitation. We will examine how each type of harm is defined and how harm may be identified if it is not disclosed. Abuse is considered in community and institutional settings.

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We give a brief account of how the European Convention of Human Rights and UN Convention on Rights for Disabled People underpin adult safeguarding practice and describe the legislation that supports human rights. The contemporary government approach to human rights is considered. We explore discriminatory abuse and the impact of discrimination on groups covered by the Equality Act 2010 and people who are ‘multiply disadvantaged’. We give positive examples of how good practice can adhere to each of the six ‘principles of adult safeguarding’. The principles of Making Safeguarding Personal (MSP) are described and its relationship with human rights and anti-oppressive practice examined. Case studies illustrate how practitioners have used MSP approaches in practice.

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This chapter explores the resources and methods needed to support recovery and resolution after abuse. The impact of abuse is explored, including regarding traumatisation and the indicators of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A range of approaches to recovery and resolution are discussed, including mediation and restorative justice, together with access to counselling and supportive interventions or victim support organisations.

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