165 ELEVEN Disability and employment: global and national policy influences in New Zealand, Canada and Australia Neil Lunt The study of social policy in the post-war period focused on the activities of nation-states and in particular the development of welfare state institutions. During this time, the range of policy actors: politicians, bureaucrats, pressure groups and voters, all held the belief that domestic intervention could help shape the economic and welfare futures of the population, mitigating any international turbulence that arose. While the 1960s and
71 FOUR “no disabled can go here…”: how education affects disability and poverty in Malawi Stine Hellum Braathen and Mitch E. Loeb Education ... beyond all other devices of human origin, is a great equalizer of conditions of men – the balance wheel of the social machinery.... It does better than to disarm the poor of their hostility toward the rich; it prevents being poor. (Horace Mann)1 Poverty is often conceptualised as resulting from a poor economy or as a lack of personal goods and material wealth. Recent years, however, have witnessed a shift in the
113 SEVEN People with intellectual disabilities in the European semi- periphery: the case of Hungary Ágnes Turnpenny Introduction This chapter gives an overview of the changing situation of people with intellectual disabilities throughout the twentieth century in Hungary. The analysis follows four broad historical periods: before the end of the Second World War; state socialism between 1945 and 1989; the period of post-socialist transformation from 1990; and the current period following Hungary’s European Union membership in 2004. Although these periods
119 9 Long-term illness and disability: inequalities compounded Barbara Fawcett Introduction ‘Disability’ is a wide-ranging concept which generates varying interpretations. In countries such as the UK, the US, Canada and Australia, it has been used to describe and also to challenge the socially created disadvantage and discrimination that people with physical or emotional impairments or illnesses face. In parts of Africa, the Indian subcontinent and Asia, situations of extreme poverty and the lack of adequate resources make daily survival the prime
43 THREE Inconvenient complications: on the heterogeneities of madness and their relationship to disability Nev Jones and Timothy Kelly Our goal, in drafting early versions of the current chapter, was to ask hard questions about the potential synergies between the disability rights movement (and associated academic theory) and mad movement(s). To that end, we initially included a targeted section, centred on recent work on impairment, pain and embodiment within disability theory under the premise that this would facilitate an exploration of how work
179 FOURTEEN People with intellectual disabilities (visually) reimagine care Ann Fudge Schormans Introduction Care is typically understood as both a value and a practice. The practice of care – who is cared for, how and by whom – typically reflects societal values and the (de)valuation of particular groups of people. As a practice, care ‘invokes different experiences, different meanings, different contexts and multiple relations of power, of which a political argument around care needs to take account’ (Williams, 2001, p 468). Highlighting the perspective
35 TWO Tracing the historical and ideological roots of services for people with intellectual disabilities in Austria Gertraud Kremsner, Oliver Koenig and Tobias Buchner Setting the scene: discovering the past – dismantling the present This chapter focuses on how historical and contemporary influences have affected the development of policy and practice of services for people with intellectual disabilities in Austria. We start with an exploration of the production and development of eugenic discourses. We show how these discourses were explicitly adopted by
231 12 Understanding models of disability to improve responses to children with learning disabilities Emilie Smeaton Introduction The sexual abuse of children and young people with disabilities has been highlighted in high profile cases such as Rochdale Borough Safeguarding Children Board’s Serious Case Review (Griffiths 2013) and investigations into the sexual abuse perpetrated by Jimmy Savile. This chapter will explore the differences between a medical and a social model of disability to support application of these models to children with learning
Introduction In this chapter, I reflect critically on my experiences of making my disability visible in teaching, through the process of asking students to engage in particular behaviours which improve the accessibility of my role as their lecturer. I use critical and feminist disability studies work to reflect on how this has been – and still is – a difficult, discomforting decision and process. I conclude with some reflective questions for disabled academics, and some recommendations. This is personal Before starting, I want to make clear that my
181 SIX The final days: disability at the end of the welfare state, 1973–79 Timeline, 1973–79 1973 October OPEC crisis. Coal and fuel prices rise. December Jimmy Martin scandal. 1974 January Three-day week begins, to conserve electricity and coal. February Election: Labour (301), Conservatives (297), Liberals (14), Others (21). March Barbara Castle becomes Secretary of State for Social Services. Alf Morris becomes Minister for the Disabled. September Castle announces plans for Mobility Allowance, Invalid Care Allowance and NCIP. October Election: Labour (319
