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that while national differences in supports to carers exist, generally, the supports available are often fragmented and inadequate. Supporting carers becomes even more urgent in the context of COVID-19. Supports normally available in the community (such as various forms of respite care for carers) may suddenly become unavailable. Older adults with serious illnesses or disabilities who normally reside in congregate settings such as long-term care (LTC) homes may need to reside with family members temporarily due to outbreaks in LTC homes. As we prepare for the

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give or receive care ( Knijn and Kremer, 1997 ). At the heart of this exclusion is the value (or lack thereof) placed upon care and its association with the private domain. Tronto (1993) suggests that the inability to think of care outside of privatised and gendered terms is not a failure of care, but a constraint in the social contexts in which caring practices occur in society. Exclusionary practices particularly affect women with disabilities, whose parental rights are not always recognised. For many mothers with disabilities, especially those with intellectual

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273 International Journal of Care and Caring • vol 2 • no 2 • 273–77 • © Policy Press 2018 Print ISSN 2397-8821 • Online ISSN 2397-883X • https://doi.org/10.1332/239788218X15224823740266 debates and issues THEMED ISSUE • Variations and innovations in care and care work: Critical perspectives User-controlled personal assistance – the case of persons with intellectual disabilities Anne-Britt Horn Hanssen, abhh@oliviaassistanse.no Head of Olivia Assistance, Norway Sidsel Maxwell Grasli, smg@oliviaassistanse.no Senior Advisor, Olivia Assistance, Norway key words

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587 International Journal of Care and Caring • vol 2 • no 4 • 587–93 • © Policy Press 2018 Print ISSN 2397-8821 • Online ISSN 2397-883X • https://doi.org/10.1332/239788218X15411706368334 debates and issues Underpricing care: a case study of Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme Natasha Cortis, n.cortis@unsw.edu.au University of New South Wales, Australia Fiona Macdonald, Fiona.macdonald@rmit.edu.au RMIT University, Australia Bob Davidson, bob.davidson@mq.edu.au Macquarie University, Australia Eleanor Bentham, eleanor.bentham@rmit.edu.au RMIT

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Introduction Older adults living with disabilities in Canada often require assistance from a relative or friend (that is, a family carer) ( Kokorelias et al, 2020 ). Based on 2012 estimates, 13.7 per cent of the Canadian population (4.8 million Canadians) lived with disabilities ( Statistics Canada, 2013 ) and 28 per cent of the population (9.7 million Canadians) aged 15 and above provided unpaid care to a family member, friend or neighbour ( Fast, 2015 ). While 74 per cent of carers spent under ten hours per week on care, 10 per cent of them provided unpaid

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575 International Journal of Care and Caring • vol 2 • no 4 • 575–80 • © Policy Press 2018 Print ISSN 2397-8821 • Online ISSN 2397-883X • https://doi.org/10.1332/239788218X15411706605330 debates and issues ‘Special mothers’ in Ireland: gender, identity and the social construction of caring for a relative with an intellectual disability Mary Cronin, maryecronin@gmail.com National University of Ireland Maynooth, Ireland Gender balance in caring is heavily skewed towards women providing the majority of care. This is particularly evident in literature relating

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Introduction Support coordination refers to assistance provided to effectively navigate and implement cohesive and collaborative services and supports across various systems and sectors. For people with disability and complex needs, it should optimise service provision coordination and reduce the risk of inadequate and inefficient services. If appropriately designed and performed, support coordination should lead to: better understanding of individual need; informed choices about appropriate providers; stronger relationships and communication with service

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Introduction The right to sex and a relationship is a prominent issue for people with a disability internationally, as evidenced by its inclusion in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This stipulates that there must be ‘effective and appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities in all matters relating to marriage, family, parenthood, and relationships, on an equal basis with others’ ( United Nations General Assembly, 2007 : 13–14). However, autonomy in this area can be problematic

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From Exclusion to Involvement
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The COVID-19 pandemic, Black Lives Matter movement and renewed action against climate change all highlight the increasing gulf between narrowly based dominant political ideologies and popular demands for social justice, global health, environmentalism and human rights.

This book examines for the first time the exclusionary nature of prevailing political ideologies. Bringing together theory, practice and the relationship between participation, political ideology and social welfare, it offers a detailed critique of how the crucial move to more participatory approaches may be achieved.

It is concerned with valuing people’s knowledge and experience in relation to ideology, exploring its conventional social construction including counter ideology and the ideological underpinnings and relations of participation. It also offers a practical guide for change.

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Volume 2: Co-production Methods and Working Together at a Distance

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Groups most severely affected by COVID-19 have tended to be those marginalised before the pandemic and are now being largely ignored in developing responses to it.

This two-volume set of Rapid Responses explores the urgent need to put co-production and participatory approaches at the heart of responses to the pandemic and demonstrates how policymakers, health and social care practitioners, patients, service users, carers and public contributors can make this happen.

The second volume focuses on methods and means of co-producing during a pandemic. It explores a variety of case studies from across the global North and South and addresses the practical considerations of co-producing knowledge both now - at a distance - and in the future when the pandemic is over.

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