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that while national differences in supports to carers exist, generally, the supports available are often fragmented and inadequate. Supporting carers becomes even more urgent in the context of COVID-19. Supports normally available in the community (such as various forms of respite care for carers) may suddenly become unavailable. Older adults with serious illnesses or disabilities who normally reside in congregate settings such as long-term care (LTC) homes may need to reside with family members temporarily due to outbreaks in LTC homes. As we prepare for the

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give or receive care ( Knijn and Kremer, 1997 ). At the heart of this exclusion is the value (or lack thereof) placed upon care and its association with the private domain. Tronto (1993) suggests that the inability to think of care outside of privatised and gendered terms is not a failure of care, but a constraint in the social contexts in which caring practices occur in society. Exclusionary practices particularly affect women with disabilities, whose parental rights are not always recognised. For many mothers with disabilities, especially those with intellectual

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273 International Journal of Care and Caring • vol 2 • no 2 • 273–77 • © Policy Press 2018 Print ISSN 2397-8821 • Online ISSN 2397-883X • https://doi.org/10.1332/239788218X15224823740266 debates and issues THEMED ISSUE • Variations and innovations in care and care work: Critical perspectives User-controlled personal assistance – the case of persons with intellectual disabilities Anne-Britt Horn Hanssen, abhh@oliviaassistanse.no Head of Olivia Assistance, Norway Sidsel Maxwell Grasli, smg@oliviaassistanse.no Senior Advisor, Olivia Assistance, Norway key words

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587 International Journal of Care and Caring • vol 2 • no 4 • 587–93 • © Policy Press 2018 Print ISSN 2397-8821 • Online ISSN 2397-883X • https://doi.org/10.1332/239788218X15411706368334 debates and issues Underpricing care: a case study of Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme Natasha Cortis, n.cortis@unsw.edu.au University of New South Wales, Australia Fiona Macdonald, Fiona.macdonald@rmit.edu.au RMIT University, Australia Bob Davidson, bob.davidson@mq.edu.au Macquarie University, Australia Eleanor Bentham, eleanor.bentham@rmit.edu.au RMIT

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Introduction Older adults living with disabilities in Canada often require assistance from a relative or friend (that is, a family carer) ( Kokorelias et al, 2020 ). Based on 2012 estimates, 13.7 per cent of the Canadian population (4.8 million Canadians) lived with disabilities ( Statistics Canada, 2013 ) and 28 per cent of the population (9.7 million Canadians) aged 15 and above provided unpaid care to a family member, friend or neighbour ( Fast, 2015 ). While 74 per cent of carers spent under ten hours per week on care, 10 per cent of them provided unpaid

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575 International Journal of Care and Caring • vol 2 • no 4 • 575–80 • © Policy Press 2018 Print ISSN 2397-8821 • Online ISSN 2397-883X • https://doi.org/10.1332/239788218X15411706605330 debates and issues ‘Special mothers’ in Ireland: gender, identity and the social construction of caring for a relative with an intellectual disability Mary Cronin, maryecronin@gmail.com National University of Ireland Maynooth, Ireland Gender balance in caring is heavily skewed towards women providing the majority of care. This is particularly evident in literature relating

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Introduction Support coordination refers to assistance provided to effectively navigate and implement cohesive and collaborative services and supports across various systems and sectors. For people with disability and complex needs, it should optimise service provision coordination and reduce the risk of inadequate and inefficient services. If appropriately designed and performed, support coordination should lead to: better understanding of individual need; informed choices about appropriate providers; stronger relationships and communication with service

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Critical and international approaches

Populations around the globe are ageing rapidly. This demographic shift affects families, market structures and social provisions. This timely volume, part of the Ageing and the Lifecourse series, argues that the lifecourse perspective helps us understand the causes and effects of population ageing. The lifecourse perspective suggests that individuals’ experiences at an early age can influence their decisions and behaviour at a later age. This much-needed volume combines insights from different disciplines and real-life experiences to describe the theories and practices behind this idea. It therefore caters to the needs of scholars, practitioners and policy makers in a range of areas including sociology and political science.

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Critical Perspectives from Ireland

Demographic ageing is identified as a global challenge with significant social policy implications. This book explores these implications, with a particular focus on the pressures and prospects for ageing societies in the context of austerity.

The book presents a carefully crafted study of ageing in Ireland, one of the countries hardest hit by the Eurozone financial crisis. Providing a close, critical analysis of ageing and social policy that draws directly on the perspectives of older people, the text makes significant advances in framing alternatives to austerity-driven government policy and neoliberalism, giving a refreshing interdisciplinary account of contemporary ageing.

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Introduction The right to sex and a relationship is a prominent issue for people with a disability internationally, as evidenced by its inclusion in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This stipulates that there must be ‘effective and appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities in all matters relating to marriage, family, parenthood, and relationships, on an equal basis with others’ ( United Nations General Assembly, 2007 : 13–14). However, autonomy in this area can be problematic

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