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Introduction There has been much attention given to the relationship between early life socio-economic disadvantage and poorer health outcomes and disability in population health research. This association has been demonstrated across various objective and subjective measures, in both adults and children ( Nikiéma et al, 2012 ; Nobles et al, 2013 ; Darin-Mattsson et al, 2017 ; Doebler and Glasgow, 2017 ; Kivimäki et al, 2020 ). It is only recently that researchers have begun to focus on the impact on adolescent health, recognising the long
, 2013 ; Nicolaisen and Thorsen, 2014 ; Durcan and Bell, 2015 ; Griffiths, 2017 ; ONS, 2018a ), as is disability. Yet disability is itself strongly associated with socio-economic disadvantage ( Priestley, 2001 ; Jenkins and Rigg, 2004 ; Maroto et al, 2019 ); and it can be a consequence as well as a driver of reduced social contacts ( Lund et al, 2010 ). Much work on social support in general and on the influence of social relationships on (disabled) people’s outcomes focuses on later life ( Berkman, 2000 ; Dykstra, 2009 ; Durcan and Bell, 2015 ; Burholt et al
Introduction Visual impairment is one of the most common disabilities among older adults ( Loh and Ogle, 2004 ; Giloyan et al. 2015 ; Rafaely et al. 2018 ). About 65% of the visually impaired and 82% of the blind people worldwide are those aged 50 and older ( World Health Organization, 2012 ). In fact, most of the major eye diseases are age-related and the prevalence of these vision-threatening conditions increase considerably after age 75 ( Chader and Taylor, 2013 ). A distinguished body of research has illuminated the health risks associated with age
disease, disability and death, and are therefore important burdens for individuals and society, particularly in the context of ageing populations. Second, in respect of specific types of maltreatment, findings across several original studies showed that associations differed for a range of outcomes at different life-stages ( Table 3 ). No type of maltreatment was associated with all outcomes, but neglect showed the most widespread associations in both child and adulthood. Methodological strengths and limitations The original studies summarised in this overview
Key messages Early-life factors predict later-life functional limitation risk, but their independence is unclear. Paths between early-life factors and functional limitation risk were examined at ages 55, 65 and 75. Higher childhood socio-economic status and cognitive ability independently predicted lower risk. There was also evidence of mediation between early-life factors and by adult socio-economic status. Introduction Although average life expectancy has increased in developed countries, ‘disability-free’ or ‘healthy’ life expectancy has
family structure, were important in shaping household experiences. Policy implications from this work are important to help shelter vulnerable households from economic impacts or other external forces. The second research note on ‘Exploring the effects of socio-economic inequalities on health and disability in Northern Irish adolescents: evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal study’ by Eoin McElroy, Caroline Courtney, Gary Adamson, Laurence Taggard, Peter Mulhall, Finola Ferry, Jamie Murphy and Una O’Conner Bones (2023) uses data from the Northern
). In the present study, we analysed data from the first six sweeps of MCS to examine the trajectories, from ages 3 to 14, of child problem behaviour in England by level of area deprivation. We used the English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD, Noble et al, 2006 ), a measure of multiple deprivation at the small area level (described in detail in the section ‘Measures’), to assess seven different domains of deprivation including Income Deprivation; Employment Deprivation; Health Deprivation and Disability; Education, Skills and Training Deprivation; Barriers to
. Working-life expectancy has also been increasing but remains relatively short ( Nurminen, 2011 ). Many studies focus on older employees and their risk factors of disability retirement. However, it is equally crucial to gain new information about entry into paid employment and the stability of early working life. For example, it is important to pinpoint risk groups of unstable working life as early as possible to target their determinants. In young adults’ lives, entry into paid employment is an important transition, which can be shaped by contextual factors, such as
were modestly associated with caregiving at 55. This pattern suggests there may be fewer carers available in subsequent cohorts with less stable marital histories and more full-time work for women. In the fourth paper Sam Parsons and Lucinda Platt present ‘The social relationships of three generations identified as disabled in childhood’. They are concerned with disability in childhood as officially identified as warranting special treatment in schools. The outcome in adulthood of interest is social inclusion, measured both objectively in terms of social contacts
rosters in the web mode. That is, we expect those in the web-assigned sample to make fewer changes (additions, deletions or corrections) to the rosters presented for review. We next turn to a description of the data. Data The HRS is an ongoing panel study of people over age 50 in the US. The study conducts biennial (core) interviews with age-eligible individuals and their spouses of any age. The interviews collect detailed information on a wide range of topics, including physical health, disability, cognition and psychosocial well-being; employment, housing
