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‘Commerce and manufactures gradually introduced order and good government,’ wrote Adam Smith in his Wealth of Nations, ‘and with them, the liberty and security of individuals.’ However, Philipp Rössner shows how, when looked at in the face of history, it has usually been the other way around.
This book follows the development of capitalism from the Middle Ages through the industrial revolution to modern day, casting new light on the areas where pre-modern political economies of growth and development made a difference. It shows how order and governance provided the foundation for prosperity, growth and the wealth of nations.
Written for scholars and students of economic history, this is a pioneering new study that debunks the neoliberal origin myth of how capitalism came into the world.
This ambitious collection follows the evolution of capitalism from its origins in 13th-century European towns to its 16th-century expansion into Asia, Africa and South America and on to the global capitalism of modern day.
Written by distinguished historians and social scientists, the chapters examine capitalism and its critics and the level of variation and convergence in its operation across locations. The authors illuminate the aspects of capitalism that have encouraged, but also limited, social responsibility and environmental sustainability.
Covering times, places and topics that have often been overlooked in the existing literature, this important contribution to the field of economic history charts the most comprehensive chronology of capitalism to date.
Based on qualitative interviews with sustainability-oriented parents of young children, this book describes what happens when people make interventions into mundane and easy-to-overlook aspects of everyday life to bring the way they get things done into alignment with their environmental values. Because the ability to make changes is constrained by their culture and capitalist society, there are negative consequences and trade-offs involved in these household-level sustainability practices.
The households described in this book shed light on the full extent of the trade-offs involved in promoting sustainability at the household level as a solution to environmental problems.
,000 of the Wesleyan Methodists’ Centenary Fund of 1839–44 (which raised £229,944) came from the north-west of England, and of the 59 donors giving over £200 each, 22 were textile manufacturers or merchants ( Jeremy, 2020 : 143, 148). A question then arises about what can explain this close relationship between Nonconformists and industrial capitalism in 18th–19th-century Britain, considering they were such a tiny proportion of the population ( Table 7.4 ). General and particular explanations have been advanced. Common to all Nonconformists were the disabilities
government expanded to include providing a minimum standard of living and mitigating the risk of poverty for citizens, with a particular focus on poverty in old age and childhood, due to the death of a working spouse or disability, and due to unemployment or underemployment. To attract workers, the role of employers expanded in the United States to include the provision of pensions and health insurance benefits. Over the course of the last forty years, these policies and benefits provided by the state and employers that reduced the risk to individuals of fluctuations in
of 1918 (codifies the rights of federal employees to join labor unions and bargain collectively) 3. Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (deals with the minimum wage and mandatory overtime for employees who work more than 40 hours a week) 4. Americans ivith Disabilities Act of 1990 (prohibits workplace discrimination against disabled people) 5. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1910 (sets safety regulations for workplaces) 6. Age Discrimination and Employment Act of 1961 (prohibits workplace discrimination against people ages 40 and over) 7. Worker
familiari) or tax based (detrazioni) paid to workers for their spouse and children; - unemployment transfers, divided in 'special lay-off pay fund' (Cassa In- tegrazione Guadagni) called CIG, and mobility allowance, which may be requested by firms with more than 10 employees on behalf of their workers instead of laying workers off, and the ordinary individual un- employment benefit which is very low; - pensions, with the exception of the 'basic non contributory pensions', are strictly work-based. They are paid either to people who cannot work (disability pensions
% or more persons with a disability. 2 Adam J. Hoffer and Russell S. Sobel 186 State Preference policy Empirical category Arizona Small Business preference: $1,000 – $25,000 0 Arkansas A 15% preference against out-of-state prison industry bids. 0 California 5% for small business (goods, services, construction and IT) and non-small business subcontractors. The maximum preference is $50,000 and when combined with other preferences, the preference total cannot exceed $100,000. Target Area Contract Preference Act (TACPA) (applies to goods and IT only): 5% of the
. The subcommittee on social security has jurisdiction over retirement, survivors, and disability programs as well as employment taxes. Finally, there is also the subcommittee on trade, which has jurisdiction over tariff and import fee structure, including classification, valuation of, and special rules applying to imports and exports. In addition to these specific subcommittees, there are also two subcommittees that are more general. The subcommittee on select revenue matters has jurisdiction over things that the Chairman of the committee decides to give them
- tract from behind a veil of ignorance, where people have no knowledge of their own characteristics, such as race, gender, wealth, intelligence, and other abilities (or disabilities). Buchanan envisions a hypothetical renegotiation of the social contract from a position of anarchy, with the idea that current in- 25 For a dissenting view, see Yeager [1985]. While the social contract theory suggests implicit rather than actual agreement with a social contract, Berman [1983] notes that when medieval towns were formed from around 1050-1150, it was common for all
