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International migration is a life-changing process, but do the migrants and their families fare economically better than those who stayed behind?
Drawing on the largest database available on labour migration to Europe, this book seeks to shed light upon this question through an exploration of poverty outcomes for three generations of settler migrants spanning multiple European destinations, as compared with their returnee and stayer counterparts living in Turkey.
As well as documenting generational trends, it investigates the transmission of poverty onto the younger generations. With its unique multi-site and intergenerational perspective, the book provides a rare insight into the economic consequences of international migration for migrants and their descendants.
valuable option for individuals who wish to be active full-time in the labor market but are unable for health or disability reasons, it is also associated with low pay and an avenue to poverty and social exclusion. Though the economic crisis was partly responsible for underemployment problems, it also continues a trend that preceded the crisis, suggesting that it is more of a structural feature of the labor market (EU, 2018 b). Currently, although open-ended contracts represent an increasing share of job creation in Spain, this has not been sufficient to reduce the
and local public administration, and one additional measure coded as ‘other’, which harmonized the criteria for proving disability and support in educating disabled people aged under 24. Finally, while there were a significant number of policies (10 out of 43) targeting graduates, the nature and scope of these measures were significantly changed throughout the period in question. Up until 2008, we find a couple of measures relating mostly to the INOV programs, in which the political concern is both to provide a framework for a smoother transition of graduates to
of 1918 (codifies the rights of federal employees to join labor unions and bargain collectively) 3. Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (deals with the minimum wage and mandatory overtime for employees who work more than 40 hours a week) 4. Americans ivith Disabilities Act of 1990 (prohibits workplace discrimination against disabled people) 5. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1910 (sets safety regulations for workplaces) 6. Age Discrimination and Employment Act of 1961 (prohibits workplace discrimination against people ages 40 and over) 7. Worker
familiari) or tax based (detrazioni) paid to workers for their spouse and children; - unemployment transfers, divided in 'special lay-off pay fund' (Cassa In- tegrazione Guadagni) called CIG, and mobility allowance, which may be requested by firms with more than 10 employees on behalf of their workers instead of laying workers off, and the ordinary individual un- employment benefit which is very low; - pensions, with the exception of the 'basic non contributory pensions', are strictly work-based. They are paid either to people who cannot work (disability pensions
% or more persons with a disability. 2 Adam J. Hoffer and Russell S. Sobel 186 State Preference policy Empirical category Arizona Small Business preference: $1,000 – $25,000 0 Arkansas A 15% preference against out-of-state prison industry bids. 0 California 5% for small business (goods, services, construction and IT) and non-small business subcontractors. The maximum preference is $50,000 and when combined with other preferences, the preference total cannot exceed $100,000. Target Area Contract Preference Act (TACPA) (applies to goods and IT only): 5% of the
. The subcommittee on social security has jurisdiction over retirement, survivors, and disability programs as well as employment taxes. Finally, there is also the subcommittee on trade, which has jurisdiction over tariff and import fee structure, including classification, valuation of, and special rules applying to imports and exports. In addition to these specific subcommittees, there are also two subcommittees that are more general. The subcommittee on select revenue matters has jurisdiction over things that the Chairman of the committee decides to give them
- tract from behind a veil of ignorance, where people have no knowledge of their own characteristics, such as race, gender, wealth, intelligence, and other abilities (or disabilities). Buchanan envisions a hypothetical renegotiation of the social contract from a position of anarchy, with the idea that current in- 25 For a dissenting view, see Yeager [1985]. While the social contract theory suggests implicit rather than actual agreement with a social contract, Berman [1983] notes that when medieval towns were formed from around 1050-1150, it was common for all
talents and disabilities (the so-called 'envy test', combined with a collective obliga- tion to compensate for natural inequalities, in Dworkin). Nevertheless, such conceptual refinements remain firmly entrenched inside the logical frame- work of a social justice conceived in terms of distributive equality. Egalitar- ian conceptions of social justice are in principle perfectly defensible both in logic and in practice. But this is not my point. My point is that to regard the problem of social justice conceived in terms of distributive equality, howev- er defined, as
theories of other historical, political, and economic scientists. Even when they do mention alternative theories—as, for example, in their wise rejection of the ever-popular Eurocentrism of Europe’s “Judeo-Christian culture, its unique geography, its European values” (p 198)—they do not pause to weigh and consider it in detail. Their serial empiricist monologue has disabilities as science. It tends to ex cathedra pronouncements, evading the scientist’s responsibility to weigh and consider. In history, the charming books by the French historian Fernand Braudel were
