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The only up-to-date, accessibly written short guide to community development, this third edition offers an invaluable and authoritative introduction. Fully updated to reflect changes in policy, practice, economics and culture, it will equip readers with an understanding of the history and theory of community development, as well as practical guidance on how to do it.
This is a key text for all students and practitioners working with communities. It includes:
• a broad overview of core themes, concepts, basic practices and key issues in community development;
• an analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on community life and well-being, along with the implications for longer-term community support;
• additional brand new content on the pressing issues of democratic decline, social fragmentation and isolation, social care pressures, technological developments and climate change.
International development is a vibrant, interdisciplinary area of the social sciences. This Short Guide offers a uniquely succinct and balanced account of this politically charged subject. It distils both the classic and newer debates together in a clear framework and illustrates them with contemporary examples.
Designed to introduce a wide readership to international development, the book:
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considers how far the field has been reconfigured over time and to what extent it is likely to change in the future;
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reviews contemporary topics including tourism, migration and digital technologies;
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includes distinctive international case studies and examples.
By providing a succinct evaluation of competing approaches to, and perspectives on, the idea and practice of international development, this book offers students across the social sciences a distinct and invaluable introduction to the field.
This illuminating book offers a fresh and contemporary guide to the field of sociology. By demonstrating the versatility of the sociological imagination, the authors reveal the ways in which thinking sociologically can help us to understand the personal, social and structural changes going on in the world around us.
Using real world case studies, the book addresses key sociological themes such as:
· global social transformations
· social divisions and inequalities
· social theory and its practical applications
· the personal and the political
Providing a set of concepts, tools and perspectives for analysing our social world, the book equips the reader with an understanding of how to start thinking sociologically. With helpful features such as end-of-chapter summaries, key definitions and recommended readings, it is an invaluable resource for students taking an introductory sociology course or those studying sociology at further or higher education level.
settings, operating through partnerships, working groups or subcommittees. Social identity Early community development focused primarily on place and social class, but, as we saw in Chapter 3, it was criticised for its failure to recognise or address the extent to which experiences relating to gender, race, disability and sexual orientation contribute to social disadvantage. Social identity can play a significant role in motivating people to join with others in collective action by shaping a sense of shared fate, group belonging and common feelings of grievance or
). There is also evidence suggesting that people’s level of social capital – the strength and diversity of their informal networks – affects individual resistance to infection, contributes to speed of recovery and generally supports a sense of mental well-being (Christakis and Fowler, 2009). The association between mental health and physical health is more widely acknowledged, calling for a more joined-up approach that tackles loneliness, distress caused by relationship breakdown and social stigma around some diseases, physical disabilities and psychiatric
respiratory diseases and diabetes. The impact of both communicable diseases and noncommunicable diseases can be measured in various ways, including disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as used by the WHO. One DALY = one lost year of ‘healthy’ life; DALYs are calculated as the sum of years lost due to premature mortality in the population plus the years lost due to disability, both physical and mental. Injuries may also play a significant part in affecting DALYs. The WHO data shows that the DALYs per 1,000 population have decreased in all regions of the world since
women are outside as feminism has historically been focused on white middle-class women. As noted in Chapter 4, intersectionality is the study of the transformative effect that class, gender, race, sexuality and disability have on people’s identities, and the sorts of marginalisation and inequality different sub-groups may experience in society. The origins of intersectionality lie in the US black female intellectual THE SHORT GUIDE TO SOCIOLOGY100 tradition which sought to draw attention to how the experience of women is shaped by race and class. The term was
in relation to disability, mirroring the social model versus the medical approach. Meanwhile, discussions around sexual orientation and gender GILCHRIST_The short guide to community development_3rd_text_3.2.indd 8 30/11/2021 08:54:23 9Introduction fluidity are expanding to reflect growing insights and choices being explored by the LGBTQI+ movement. We have tried to adopt the most up-to-date and least offensive terms wherever possible but are mindful that these will certainly change over the next few years. As will become clear, we recognise that community
-wide level, as ACORN does. To announce the death of the local is premature. Localism is part of current political rhetoric and place is still significant for many people, especially in disadvantaged areas, cut off from the mainstream. But place is now one source of community belonging among many. Collective identities are used strategically to create a sense of safety, to seek integration and to assert rights, for example in relation to sexual orientation or disability. Ethnic origin, faith and citizenship are not straightforwardly aligned, leading to hybrid
generally associated with class, gender, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation and age. Addressing these means tackling barriers, promoting opportunities and adapting arrangements to take into account the needs and preferences of diverse participants or target communities. Empowerment Community development places great emphasis on collective leadership, inclusive participation and empowerment, so that community members can contribute directly to decision-making about what happens in their areas or spheres of interest. The term ‘empowerment’ can be problematic
