Introduction: what is expert evidence? Expert evidence is essentially opinion evidence from an expert witness who, via training or experience, assists the court or quasi-judicial body in reaching a decision by providing independent evidence-based knowledge in the form of a report or opinion in court, or after trial but before sentencing, or acts as advisor to opposing legal counsel. Expert evidence differs from ordinary witness testimony by allowing the expression of opinion rather than evidence of witness to the fact. For expert evidence to be allowed in
27 ONE The experts Introduction African cities are a mess. Environmental calamities abound. Environmental settings and governance structures leave cities highly vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change. The soils are septic from so much overflowing human waste. The surface waters are putrid, left standing because what few drains there are get clogged with solid waste that does not get collected. What little water infrastructure that functions brings polluted water to the small percentage of residents with access. Road infrastructures are so
In considering this work’s various suggestions of how policy analysis might change under the influence of a non-binary approach, a reader might legitimately fear that the approach would enhance the already great power of experts and unelected officials. The claim, for example, that the public servant need not accept the elected official’s normative views as givens can spark nervousness. We must thus address the problem of experts and expertise. In this discussion, I will define expertise broadly, as usable knowledge that requires time and effort to acquire. I
151 TEN Expert policy advisory bodies Jenny Stewart and Scott Prasser Introduction This chapter gives an overview of the evolution of government-established and -supported expert policy advisory bodies (EPABs) at the federal level in Australia from the 1970s to 2010. In reviewing these bodies, we seek to answer the following questions about advisory bodies in general and the role of expertise in policy development in particular. First, why were these specialised bodies established outside the formal permanent bureaucracy? Second, what has given these bodies
3 European Journal of Gender and Politics • vol 2 • no 1 • 3–21 © European Conference on Politics and Gender and Bristol University Press 2019 Print ISSN 2515 1088 • Online ISSN 2515 1096 https://doi.org/10.1332/251510819X15471289106077 Accepted for publication 12 December 2018 • First published online 25 January 2019 Special Issue: Gender Experts and Gender Expertise EDITORIAL Introduction: gender experts and gender expertise Rahel Kunz, rahel.kunz@unil.ch University of Lausanne, Switzerland Elisabeth Prügl, elisabeth
121 Part Three Experts, international actors and public opinion
159 Among everyday makers and expert citizens EIGHT Among everyday makers and expert citizens Henrik Bang Introduction All over the western world we have long been witnessing an individualisation of politics and a decline in the active support and membership of conventional modes of collective political organising through political parties, interest organisations, and (big) voluntary associations (Norris, 1999). Many stories have been written about the decline of civic engagement and the increasing numbers of individuals who are ‘bowling alone’ (Putnam, 1995
Sleep is a universal and widely debated topic for parents and parenting experts. The where, when and how of infant sleep motivates public awareness campaigns, forum discussions, scholarly research and parenting literature, each offering different solutions to the problem of managing babies’ sleep. Sleep is the subject of this level of debate and interest not only because babies are universally known for sleeping erratically but also because of the danger associated with sleep, specifically Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Also known as cot death or, more
Introduction The place of experts in politics and policymaking has attracted increasing attention in recent decades, both in public and academic debate. On the one hand, scholars highlight the growing role of expertise in policymaking: decision-makers are increasingly reliant on advanced knowledge to understand and address complex societal problems ( Haas, 1992 ), face growing expectations that policies should be based on the best available evidence about the effectiveness of policy interventions ( Davies et al, 2000 ; Jennings and Hall, 2012 ; Head, 2015
