Defining organized crime in a rural context The consideration of the influence of ‘rural organized crime’ and, indeed, ‘organized crime in the rural’ within the rubric of criminology is polarized and in its infancy. This is not a case of mere semantics but lies at the core of the issue one of the main issues underpinning organized crime in a rural context. Apart from the dearth of literature, there is no clear definition of what constitutes rural organized crime. There are numerous definitions of what constitutes organized crime per se which link the
Drawing upon unique empirical data based on interviews with high-profile ex-offenders and experts, this book sheds new light on drug markets and gangs in the UK. The study shows how traditional methods of tackling gang violence fail to address the intertwined nature of those criminal activities which can overlap with other organised crime spheres. McLean sparks new debate on the subject, offering solutions and alternatives.
177 7 Tackling Gangs and Organised Crime, and Rethinking Drug Policy The book began with two main objectives in mind. The first was to provide insight into contemporary gang organisation as a means for gang business. While the research was conducted in Scotland, in many ways, it resonates with ongoing processes occurring throughout the length and breadth of Britain, albeit taking its own unique form, as it would in any region of the country. This first aim of the book was catered to a large audience, ranging from academics, practitioners and students, to
115 5 Street Life, Crime and (Dis)Organised Crime Following on from the theme of Chapter 4, which highlighted the formation, membership process and other structural characterises of gang types in Scotland, this chapter will continue to present the gang within the current framework and will look to explore gang activity in a more generic sense. In doing so, the chapter will look to present what is essentially a descriptive account of the collective and individualistic behaviour that is most commonly associated with each level of gang typology. While
://www.reportingproject.net/underground/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=20 (accessed 12 June 2012). Szörényi , A . and Eate , P. ( 2014 ) Saving virgins, saving the USA: Heteronormative masculinities and the securitisation of trafficking discourse in mainstream narrative film . Social Semiotics , 24 ( 5 ): 608 – 22 . UN News ( 2001 ) Human trafficking fastest growing form of organized crime: UN anti-crime chief. UN News . Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2001/11/19272-human-trafficking-fastest-growing-form-organised-crime-un-anti-crime-chief (accessed 12 June 2021). UNODC (UN Office on Drugs and
syndicates such as the Mafia, Camorra, Triads and Yakuza and countless other organisations emerging from specific nation states. This, however, is based on a number of unsubstantiated assumptions such as the rigid hierarchy within kinship groups as the main form of organisation. Indeed, Levi (2007) suggested that: … few academics have been convinced by the Valachi Boss – Underboss Soldier model – as a portrait of organised crime in America: although … Jacobs et al (1994) and Jacobs and Gouldin (1999) put up a spirited defence that LCN (La Cosa Nostra) organized
89 FOUR Drugs and thugs: examples of organised crime, state collusion and limited responses Chapter Three introduced some of the key themes and issues surrounding corporate crime, organised crime and their cross- fertilisation with state crime and immorality. We demonstrated how the construction of organised crime and, by association, drug prohibition has facilitated opportunities for state crimes through the enforcement of legislation. In this chapter we develop this idea in two main ways: • First, via a closer examination of international drug control
The COVID-19 pandemic, Brexit and the US-China trade dispute have heightened interest in the geopolitics and security of modern ports.
Ports are where contemporary societal dilemmas converge: the (de)regulation of international flows; the (in)visible impact of globalization; the perennial tension between trade and security; and the thin line between legitimate, illicit and illegal. Applying a multidisciplinary lens to the political economy of port security, this book presents a unique outlook on the social, economic and political factors that shape organized crime and governance.
Advancing the research agenda, this text bridges the divide between global and local, and theory and practice.
Introduction It is clear from the previous chapters that ports are dynamic spaces where both licit and illicit operators and users must capitalize on social, political, economic and technological change to remain competitive. This chapter looks to demonstrate that the political economy approach proposed in this book provides a useful lens for exploring and evaluating how these forces will continue to shape port security in the future. It begins by discussing the ‘long shadow’ of the ISPS Code and its treatment – or lack thereof – of organized crime as a
/entry/exit Looking for doors (incl. individual corruption) Hybrid policing (leaning low) Transport and shipping opportunities Hybrid policing (leaning high) Organizational crime – infiltration in the legal economy Cartels of entrepreneurs, private actors and Organised Crime Groups (OCGs) (incl. systemic corruption), or OCGs’ initiatives – port-city interface Hybrid policing Port economy opportunities and global trade relationships – port-sea interface Hybrid policing (leaning high) Organized crime – extra-legal governance Influence over labour unions, port
