79 4 Rediscovering Scottish Gangs: Towards a Typology This chapter explores gang evolution and presents findings from original, and follow-up, data via participant voices. To achieve the chapter’s purpose, I explore gang organisation by situating it on a shifting continuum, whereby gangs progress from one stage to the next. Yet, not all gangs will progress – in fact, few do – most tend to fade away over time as youths move through adolescence and into adulthood. When gangs do progress, it is often with the amalgamation of two or more gangs from a prior
23 Policy & Politics • vol 44 • no 1 • 23-40 • © Policy Press 2016 • #PPjnl @policy_politics Print ISSN 0305 5736 • Online ISSN 1470 8442 • http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557315X14431855320366 article Media and public accountability: typology and exploration Sandra Jacobs, s.h.j.jacobs@uva.nl University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands Thomas Schillemans, t.schillemans@uu.nl Utrecht University, the Netherlands The role of the media in public accountability has often been discussed. This is especially the case for public sector organisations, whose
13 1 Definitions and typologies of police corruption Introduction Corruption can loosely be defined, in modern terms, as the abuse of public power or trusted office for private gain or benefit (Ganahl, 2013: 57). Police corruption concerns the misuse of power or authority by a police officer for direct or indirect gain in exchange for an official action or inaction, and they abuse their authority by either providing or neglecting to perform services within their role in exchange for the allocation of this benefit (Edelbacher and Ivković, 2004: 21
, theoretically, how the analytical model and typology we developed in Chapter 1 hold up when tested in hypothetical but close to real-life situations. Based on this, we also examine what dimensions of the approach may need further sharpening and deepening. Third, and most importantly, we consider our findings regarding the main research question, through the lens of the discussion of the four theses we formulated in the first chapter of this book, with a focus on the socialization literature on values, identities, and roles. The country cases we reviewed are specific but
33 CHAPTER TWO Media and public accountability: typology and research agenda Sandra Jacobs and Thomas Schillemans Introduction We live in a ‘monitory democracy’ (Keane, 2009). On the one hand, many executive functions have moved away from central governments in what Rhodes (1994) termed the ‘hollowing out of the state’. On the other hand, monitoring functions have partially moved away from parliaments to a host of non-parliamentary institutions, ranging from independent regulators to societal organisations and the news media. The media play a key role in
531 Policy & Politics • vol 42 • no 4 • 531-46 • © Policy Press 2014 • #PPjnl @policy_politics Print ISSN 0305 5736 • Online ISSN 1470 8442 • http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557312X655738 article Representative bureaucracy: a typology of normative institutional strategies for the representation of women Karen Johnston Miller, k.miller@gcu.ac.uk Duncan McTavish, d.mctavish@gcu.ac.uk Glasgow Caledonian University, UK In public service institutions occupational gender segregation persists. These institutions are often gendered with predominantly masculine
129 SEVEN Square pegs and round holes: extending existing typologies fails to capture the complexities of chinese social policy Dan Horsfall and Sabrina Chai introduction The last 30 years have been a time of profound change in China. The shift from a planned to a market economy has gathered pace, and from being considered an economically poor country just three decades ago, China now boasts the second-biggest economy in the world (IMF, 2011). This Chinese miracle of huge and rapid economic growth has brought China along with many other Asian nations into
Elected Representatives in a Party System: A Typology Lewis Corina In the widespread complaints about the prevalence of party influence in local government there is a recognizable stereotyping of local politicians and parties which is a caricature of the complex reality. The purposes of this paper are to question the validity of the stereotypes and to suggest the abandonment of simplistic categories in favour of categories which go some way at least towards recognizing the complex variables which shape the role-playing of elected members.1 Methods What follows is
127 TEN young europeans’ online environments: a typology of user practices Uwe Hasebrink introduction The internet is sometimes discussed as something external, with a given set of characteristics that have positive or negative effects on children. However, ‘the internet’ cannot be a meaningful indicator of young people’s everyday experiences. Online services are so heterogeneous that we can expect substantial inter-individual differences in how young people use the internet and the kinds of online environments they experience. The EU Kids Online network
Billions of dollars are wasted each year trying to prevent ‘dirty money’ entering a financial system that is already awash with it. The authors challenge the global approach, arguing that complacency, self-interest and misunderstanding have now created long-standing absurdities.
International and government policy makers inadvertently facilitate tax evasion, corruption, environmental and organised crime by separating crime from its root cause. The handful of crime-fighters that do exist are starved of resources whilst an army of compliance box-tickers are prevented from truly helping. The authors provide a toolbox of evidence-based solutions to help the frontline tackle financial crime.
