155 FOUR Comparative analyses This chapter studies the MIP systems in the 17 European countries in comparative perspective. The first section analyses the MIP benefit levels for adults of working age and their families. The crucial aspect is how the generosity of needs-based social citizenship rights deviates from average incomes and other social benefits (see Chapter Two). The more deviation can be observed, the less are generous basic social citizenship rights institutionalised in society. The second section compares aggregate MIP caseloads (recipients
There is a highly established body of literature comparing migration policies, including citizenship (for example Brubaker, 1992 ; Hansen and Weil, 2001 ; Bauböck et al, 2006 ; Faist, 2007 ; Janoski, 2010 ; van Oers, 2013 ) and integration (for example Jacobs and Rea, 2007 ; Goodman, 2010; 2014 ; van Oers et al, 2010a ; Garcés-Mascareñas and Penninx, 2016 ; Pascouau, 2018 ). Comparative analyses of the implementation of migration policies are rarer, the few exceptions including the studies of migration control across seven European countries by Eule
37 THREE Analysing teacher education policy: comparative and historical approaches Moira Hulme Introduction In the past decade, as we have seen in the previous two chapters, teacher education has assumed greater significance in global education policy (OECD, 2011a, 2011b; Asia Society, 2013; World Bank, 2013). Strategies to improve education outcomes have increasingly focused on improving teachers’ learning, leading to national reviews of teacher education. A repertoire of global reforms has sought to increase control over teachers’ work and performance
179 EIGHT Orthodoxy and reflexivity in international comparative analysis Ben Valkenburg and Jens Lind Introduction Life is easy for social scientists engaged in international comparative research. Yet, at the same time, it is also hard. Within the social sciences, this kind of research is regarded as the ultimate in terms of scientific quality, especially when the results are international publications. The interest in international comparative research among policy makers has been growing over the years, due to, among others, processes of globalisation
PART I Teasing Out Comparative Practices
A bold proposition The concepts employed to understand cities around the world are sourced from a limited set of urban experiences. From the stages of urban development to the models of urban ecology and the problems of equity associated with global cities – much of urban theory is sourced in influential and important works researching cities like Los Angeles, Chicago or London. The parochialism of urban theory has instigated the debates around comparative urbanism, what Peck ( 2015 : 161) has described as a succession of critiques ‘deconstructing the
subdivision of, a much more dominant perspective known today as the comparative perspective. Here, we saw how Maurice Duverger (1954) blazed the trail for much subsequent research by suggesting that parties are best distinguished in terms of their structural anatomy rather than their ideological dispositions. Conservative and socialist mass parties, he claimed, have much more in common than ideologically similar parties with different organizational configurations. For several years, the post-Duvergerian literature seemed to follow this relatively novel way of thinking
Comparative Urban Politics and Inter-organisational Behaviour Stephen L. Elkin University of Pennsylvania Introduction Lima, Peru, has no city government, the central city being divided into several municipalities including a portion governed by Lima Province.1 Similarly, Valencia, Venezuela is largely governed by a variety of central government agencies over which the local authority exercises limited in- fluence.2 In contrast, Zagreb, Yugoslavia has a metropolitan area government which can vote its own budgets, pass laws and establish agencies with- out central
end of the decade that emergent fields of comparative politics and international politics were to part company in their preferred systemic formulations. In comparative politics the structural-functional orientation popularized by Gabriel Almond prevailed as the convenient tool for investigating not just governments but anything political. In principle all political systems were subject to comparison because they all, regardless of form, share certain distinctively political functions. In practice this meant comparison of diverse systems nonetheless sharing
Julie Ren investigates the motivations and practices of making art spaces in Beijing and Berlin to engage with comparative urbanism as a framework for doing research, beyond its significance as a critical intervention.
Across vastly different contexts, where universal theories of modernity or development seem increasingly misplaced, she innovatively explores the ways that art spaces employ creative capital to sustain themselves in a competitive urban landscape.
She shows how these art spaces are embedded within a politics of aspiration and demonstrates that aspiration is an important lens through which to understand the nature of, and possibilities for, urban change.
