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of the approach, provide insights into attitudes, in particular about priorities and how people link ideas together, and show how the UK’s neoliberal market-centredness fits with enthusiasm for state healthcare and pensions, desire to close national labour markets to immigrants and approval of government interventions to expand opportunities for those who make the effort. Findings point to the strength of the work ethic and individual responsibility alongside a regret that major and highly valued state services appear unsustainable, the construction of
more financial advantages (Pampel et al, 2010). These scholars found that health behaviors are important but ultimately account for only about 25 percent of the class-based gap in health. Still, the seemingly volitional nature of these behaviors pave the way for blaming the poor for having poor health, especially in the context where good health is seen as an individual achievement. The ethos of individual responsibility reinforces the ideological shift from welfare liberalism to neoliberalism, which emphasizes reduced public support for human welfare services
economic imperatives to place responsibilities for health and welfare firmly with individual citizens. By constructing care as an individual responsibility of the ‘self ’, the normative policy framework that has emerged furthers existing inequalities by obscuring the collective responsibility of the state to provide adequately for its citizens. Care ethics, in contrast, highlights the fundamental place of care to human life and thus the political implications that follow from this, including the responsibilities of governments for ensuring care. Care ethics has
against the initial shift to public administration in 2001 and also recommended that the state choose for private administration of the WGA in 2006. The conflicting interests of these actors are discussed in a later section. Lastly, the decrease in collective protection has also meant an increase in individual responsibility for preventing sickness and disability as well as increased obligations to actively participate in labour market reintegration efforts. Not only are benefit recipients faced with stricter entitlement rules and obligations, if they do not
his comparison of the reports into the death of Maria Colwell in the early 1970s and that of Victoria Climbié 30 years later, Parton (2004) notes differences not only in how the reports themselves were constructed, but also in the following: globalisation and identity; expert knowledge; systematic care, responsibility and accountability; managerialisation; trust and uncertainty; and the legislative contexts. To this we would add the unravelling of core aspects and assumptions behind the welfare state and the emergence of a discourse around individual
reforms. Given this context, the first section of this chapter explores whether the New Zealand public still believed that the government had a responsibility for assisting the unemployed and should spend more government funds on this group by 2011. It also considers whether New Zealanders believed the unemployed have a responsibility to work in return for their benefits. A second section examines public support for broader neoliberal discourses around individual responsibility, welfare dependency and individualist causes of need. National governments in the 1990
scope of responsibility attribution. Lifestyle factors accentuate individual responsibility, whereas environmental factors draw attention to collective responsibility. Norms of justice play a key role in discussions on how to distribute responsibility for epigenetic effects between individuals and collectives such as corporations and the state ( Hedlund, 2012 ). Such issues have stimulated calls for further nuance in the responsibility debate, for instance by suggesting a need to go beyond comparisons between epigenetics and genetics or by drawing attention to the
funding policy reforms. As a result, many governments are slowing down, stopping, and in some cases reversing the process of universalisation of LTC state support. Instead, the policy emphasis is being placed on developing funding policies that contribute to increasing efficiency in the care system, by ensuring the targeting of available resources on the neediest, and by incentivising private financial contributions in the context of a growing need for ‘individual responsibility’. We review below some of the most notable policy trends seeking to develop new forms
, there has been an emphasis on neoliberal concerns of private saving and individual responsibility as a means of reducing expenditure and encouraging long-term sustainability. The paper suggests that the focus on individual responsibility in pension saving leaves many women ill-equipped to save and dependent on means-tested pension provision, largely as a result of intermittent work histories. Introduction Concerns about the future sustainability of pensions systems have become commonplace (DWP, 2002, 2005; Pensions Commission, 2006), in particular there has been
services. The paper concludes that social policy during this period has been characterised by an emphasis on conservative social values, control of the policy process, mainstreaming, market models of service delivery and individual responsibility over government provision. Français Cet article analyse les grandes lignes du programme de politique entrepris par les gouvernements dirigés par John Howard de 1996 à 2004. Au cours de cette période, l’économie de marché a eu tendance à dominer la politique sociale. L’article fait un historique rapide de la politique sociale
