Introduction Migrant labour market integration (LMI) is widely regarded as important both to the migrants themselves, and to the economic and social welfare of the host countries. Because migrants, for a variety of reasons, tend to be less successful in host country labour markets than natives, governments often offer various kinds of support to migrants in finding employment. Migrant integration is often equated with LMI, and policy tools to promote LMI are a form of active labour market policy (ALMP). LMI policies and services consist of practical
provision of services concerning the labour market integration offered by the state ( Matikainen, 2003 ; Sunata and Tosun, 2018 ; Mayblin and James, 2019 ; Vandevoordt, 2019 ). CSOs might be involved in collective actions by participating in decision-making processes and advocating for the rights of MRAs (for example, Jaworsky, 2016 ; Rother and Steinhilper, 2019 ; Schrover et al, 2019 ). Moreover, CSOs are involved in public, political and legal advocacy ( Garkisch et al, 2017 ). They can operate as actors who help in setting standards and developing and testing
113 SEVEN Network for the labour market integration of migrants and refugees in Münster, Germany (MAMBA) Nikola Borosch, Danielle Gluns and Annette Zimmer Introduction The acronym MAMBA1 stands for a networking approach to labour market integration earmarked for migrants and asylum seekers in the city and region of Münster in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. In the late 2000s, MAMBA was put in place by a non- profit organisation called GGUA (Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft zur Unterstützung Asylsuchender e.V.) located in Münster, which looks back
235 Labour market integration of women and childcare in Slovenia TWELVE Labour market integration of women and childcare in Slovenia Nevenka Černigoj Sadar Social policy measures related to the family and high labour market participation rates of women have more than a half-century tradition in Slovenia. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the socio-economic, social policy and individual level influences seen on the production and reproduction of gender divisions in care work in the last few decades in Slovenia. It is based on the following assumptions
85 FIVE Labour migration and labour market integration: causes and challenges Bent Greve Introduction Differences in net economic advantages, chiefly differences in wages, are the main cause of migration. (Sir John Hicks, 1932, quoted in Borjas, 2000, p 3) The quote by Sir John Hicks reflects the conventional wisdom of what is the main cause of migration, within and across borders. Even though there might be some truth in the statement, other factors also play an important role when it comes to understanding the complex patterns related to migration and
Introduction There have been many studies on various forms, or proxies, of labour-market integration ( De Beer and Schills, 2009 ; Bal, 2014 ; Berntsen, 2016 ). Among scholars and policymakers, there is a consensus on the economically integrated migrant as a well-paid professional who works in the area of his/her specialisation and rapidly progresses in his/her career ( Baglioni and Isaakyan, 2019 ; Weinar and Klekowski von Koppenfels, 2020 ). However, there is limited knowledge about how migrants navigate complex new relations that underpin their labour
, the application of workfare may, however, have the potential to provide new resources to participants and thereby improve their chances for labour market integration; an expressed aim of all programs. Where workfare programmes are designed in this way, the change in the contract of assistance may be towards giving more. More or less System of curtailement: Less eligibility/ workhouse test Convergence 1. Diffusion 2. Programme effects Possible explanations to variation in strategy 1. Ideology 2. Scale matters 3. Policy inheritance matters 4. Target group matters
adequately for oneself and family. The lack of congruence between ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ understandings of, and solutions to, chronic economic and labour market disadvantage has notable policy implications given the welfare- to-work approach adopted by the present government. These are expanded on in the remainder of this chapter, which will first draw some general conclusions from the research concerning the potential of current policy to assist social inclusion through labour market integration. Changing labour markets and social exclusion While new terms have arr
235 ELEVEN Changing welfare states and labour markets in the context of European gender arrangements Birgit Pfau-Effinger Concepts of citizenship and gender In the last decades of the millennium, women have increasingly been integrated into Western European labour markets. However, there were considerable differences in the development paths of European labour markets concerning the structures of labour market integration and labour market exclusion, indicated by the development of labour force participation rates of women. The differences also concern the
right and responsibility to earn one’s living, is central to the Finnish immigration debate. This chapter looks at immigration to Finland from two different angles: from the point of view of the social security system and of labour market integration. The right to Finnish social security is dependent on the duration of stay and the prerequisites of the immigrant’s residency. The principal rule is that a person migrating to Finland on a permanent basis is eligible for Finnish social security as a whole, although there are special regulations concerning earnings
