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. El Salvador Turkey Philippines West Bank and Gaza Romania Venezuela, RB Kazakhstan Algeria Malaysia Namibia Singapore % in vulnerable employment Male Female 49 Work environment, health and the international development agenda Psychosocial working conditions and health in developing countries There is a long tradition of psychosocial work environment research in Europe and the USA. This stretches back to the early 1990s and Figure 3.2: Relationship between proportion in vulnerable employment and healthy life expectancy in 2013: women Source: World Bank (http
The rapid economic growth of the past few decades has radically transformed India’s labour market, bringing millions of former agricultural workers into manufacturing industries, and, more recently, the expanding service industries, such as call centres and IT companies.
Alongside this employment shift has come a change in health and health problems, as communicable diseases have become less common, while non-communicable diseases, like cardiovascular problems, and mental health issues such as stress, have increased.
This interdisciplinary work connects those two trends to offer an analysis of the impact of working conditions on the health of Indian workers that is unprecedented in scope and depth.
Foreword by Lisa Berkman, Professor of Public Policy, Harvard University
How welfare states influence population health and health inequalities has long been debated but less well tested by empirical research. This book presents new empirical evidence of the effects of Swedish welfare state structures and policies on the lives of Swedish citizens.
The discussion, analysis and innovative theoretical approaches developed in the book have implications for health research and policy beyond Scandinavian borders. Drawing on a rich source of longitudinal data, the Swedish Level of Living Surveys (LNU), and other data, the authors shed light on a number of pertinent issues in health inequality research while at the same time showing how health inequalities have evolved in Sweden over several decades. Topics covered include how structural conditions relating to family, socio-economic conditions and the welfare state are important in producing health inequalities; how health inequalities change over the lifecourse and the impact of environment on health inequalities - at home, at school, in the workplace.
Health inequalities and welfare resources will be invaluable to researchers, students and practitioners in sociology, social epidemiology, public health and social policy interested in the interplay between society and health.
How do education systems shape educational inequalities and differences in educational outcomes? And how do advantages and disadvantages in educational attainment translate into privileges and shortcomings in labour market and general life chances? Education systems and inequalities compares different education systems and their impact on creating and sustaining social inequalities.
The book considers key questions such as how education systems impact educational inequalities along such variables as social origin, gender, ethnicity, migration background or ability and what social mechanisms are behind the links between education system and educational inequalities and provides vital evidence to inform debates in policy and reform.
Approved Mental Health Professionals are specialist professionals authorised to make ethically complex and difficult decisions on the behalf of people with severe mental health difficulties. In this complex and challenging role, AMHPs must possess and deploy a range of skills, knowledge and values. This invaluable handbook considers these challenges and provides in-depth guidance on all key aspects of the role, including:
• working with mental health law;
• risks and challenges in a Mental Health Act assessment;
• staying safe as an AMHP;
• resilience as a trainee and practitioner.
Packed with helpful features such as illustrations, chapter summaries, discussion questions and further reading lists, this clear and concise book will be invaluable to students on AMHP and Best Interests Assessor programmes, as well as for professionals in the field.
In this insightful collection, academic experts consider the impact of neoliberal policies and ideology on the status of care work in Nordic countries. With new research perspectives and empirical analyses, it assesses challenges for care work including technologies, management and policy-making.
Arguing that there is a care crisis even in the supposedly feminist Nordic ‘nirvana’, this book explores understandings of the care crisis, the serious consequences for gender equality and the hitherto neglected effects on the long-term sustainability of the Nordic welfare states.
This astute take on the Nordic welfare model provides insights into what the Nordic experience can tell us about wider international issues in care.
Populations around the globe are ageing rapidly. This demographic shift affects families, market structures and social provisions. This timely volume, part of the Ageing and the Lifecourse series, argues that the lifecourse perspective helps us understand the causes and effects of population ageing. The lifecourse perspective suggests that individuals’ experiences at an early age can influence their decisions and behaviour at a later age. This much-needed volume combines insights from different disciplines and real-life experiences to describe the theories and practices behind this idea. It therefore caters to the needs of scholars, practitioners and policy makers in a range of areas including sociology and political science.
In recent years, tackling health inequalities has become a key policy objective in the UK. However, doubts remain about how best to translate broad policy recommendations into practice. One key area of uncertainty concerns the role of local level initiatives.
This book identifies the key targets for intervention through a detailed exploration of the pathways and processes that give rise to health inequalities across the lifecourse. It sets this against an examination of both local practice and the national policy context, to establish what works in health inequalities policy, how and why. Authoritative yet accessible, the book provides a comprehensive account of theory, policy and practice. It spans the lifecourse from the early years to old age and explores the links between biological, psychological, social, educational and economic factors and a range of health outcomes. In addition it describes key policy initiatives, assesses research evidence of ‘what works’ and examines the limitations of the existing evidence base and highlights key areas of debate.
What works in tackling health inequalities? is essential reading for academics and students in medical sociology, social psychology, social policy and public health, and for policy makers and practitioners working in public health and social exclusion.
Power relations, welfare provision, labour rights, and neoliberal regulations and discourses lead to the social production of health inequalities. In this chapter diverse pathways are identified through which the precarization of the labour market affect the physical and mental health of young workers. Longitudinal retrospective data from the 2017 Catalan Youth Survey (n=1,247) are used to obtain typologies of youth labour trajectories. Three ‘types’, representing a continuum of precarity, are proposed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample (n=13) determined according to the typologies. Three pathways emerged through which precarious trajectories affected young workers health and wellbeing: (i) material deprivation; (ii) the limiting of their agency in the construction of future; and (iii) harmful psychosocial working conditions. Precarity and insecurity, understood, after Pierre Bourdieu, as a mode of domination that creates submissive dispositions and constrains workers to the acceptance of exploitation, shape a pathogenic eco-social environment that affects individuals’ health.
health research. The demand-control-support model In the late 1970s, against a backdrop of changes in workplace organisation in some Scandinavian countries, Robert Karasek formulated a two-dimensional model that has become known as the ‘demand-control model’ (Karasek, 1979; Karasek and Theorell, 1990). This model has since dominated the research on psychosocial working conditions. It postulates that stress and health may be affected by psychological job demands that are not matched by enough control, also called decision latitude (Karasek and Theorell, 1990
