47 THREE Keeping it in the family The stories summarised in Chapter Two showed just how important it was for people to be able to draw on the resilience or resources of those closest to them at key turning points in their lives. The same stories showed what can happen to people’s lives in the absence of such support. This chapter examines experiences of family life, using examples from the three generations to illustrate how social trends and public policies have affected choices and opportunities for young disabled people to develop and sustain kinship
‘family and social breakdown’ (Cameron, 2009) and ‘excessive individualism’ (Layard and Dunn, 2009). Chapter Two, however, indicated that empirical studies on child, adult, family and social well-being refute alarmist views about ‘social breakdown’. This chapter therefore reviews social trends and research debates. Demographic change Alongside the changes in partnering, family formations and living arrangements described in Chapter Two, the post-war era saw declining fertility rates, an ageing population and increasing ethnic diversity. In England and Wales, the
Introduction with wider social policies and social trends (see Parton, 1985, 1991). In this Introduction we offer a brief highlight but Chapters two and three provide a much more thorough engagement with past, present and, indeed if we continue on our present trajectory, future dangers and possibilities. The modern child protection system emerged in the 1960s rooted in a concern to stop babies dying or being ‘battered’ by parents, who were considered to be suffering from a lack of empathic mothering in their own lives. Poverty, bad housing and other social factors
This chapter highlights some of the major social and economic trends in the Young Lives study countries over the past 15 years and briefly indicates how such trends have affected and are perceived by sample children, their caregivers, and households. There have been many positive developments, as poverty levels and stunting rates have declined, and infrastructure and service access improved. Intergenerational progress has also been observed, with many children experiencing better health and more education than the previous generation. Gender inequalities in access to education have decreased and more young women are able to delay marriage and parenthood. Moreover, new technologies have brought many benefits, expanding children’s horizons. However, significant social and economic disparities persist, and children in rural areas and from minority groups continue to face disadvantages across many aspects of their lives.
challenges are identified highlighting issues common to health and social care. Finally, the changing nature of professional roles and relationships, the role of protocols in relation to professional autonomy, lack of trust, changing social trends, potentially infinite demand with finite resources, increasing ethnic diversity, policy drivers towards quality and targets and a focus on risk assessment and risk management are explored. What is ‘ethics’? ‘Ethics’ and ‘morals’ are often used interchangeably. A useful separation is to use ‘morals’ for those personal values and
and regional spatial strategies (the major determinants of housing expenditure and wider planning priorities) barely mention older people, age inequality or age-related social trends.13 Housing expenditure continues to be focused on new-build family housing or the so-called ‘economically active’ younger age groups, and all too often regeneration is youth-focused, with older people ignored or marginalised.14 Contrary to common perception, 90 per cent of older people live independently in mainstream housing,15 with about six per cent in sheltered housing and
NGOs tend to be led by people from the Global North. These sub-themes link with questions related to definitions and wider social trends, including how local or ‘community-led’ structures of power and control differ from donors and philanthropic entities from the Global North. Rules versus flexibility is an underlying tension in the processes and governance of philanthropic response to disasters. On one hand, there are persistent pleas for advance planning and role clarity. On the other hand, Schlegelmilch’s improvisation analogy reminds us that difficulties
4 HELPING HOME OWNERS TO HELP THEMSELVES? Recent developments housing renewal policy Philip Leather and Sheila Mackintosh .In This paper reviews developments in private sector housing renewal policy in England and Wales in the 1980s. and looks forward to the 1990s in the light of new legislation which came into operation in July 1990. Initially the paper looks at evidence on the condition of housing stock and at demo- graphic, economic and social trends affect- ing dwelling stock condition and the ability of households to repair, improve or maintain their
173 SIXTEEN Japan case study Takashi Yamamoto Introduction This chapter briefly describes current social trends in Japan and the importance of regional government and an infrastructure organisation, the Impact Hub, in developing an eco-system that supports social entrepreneurs and is unique to a particular town, city, community or neighbourhood. Social trends in Japan Japan is one of the most rapidly ageing nations in the world, where one out of every four people is now at least 65 years old. At the same time, the number of children is decreasing sharply due
Recent social trends and policy developments have called into question the divide between the provision of income support and social care services. This book examines this in light of key trends. The book presents new evidence on the links between cash - whether from earnings from paid work, social security benefits, and payments for disabled people and carers - and social disadvantage, care and disability. It presents theoretical perspectives on the need for and provision of care, which some commentators have described as a ‘new social risk’ and offers new insights into traditional forms of risk, such as poverty, disability, access to credit and money management. It provides an analysis of childcare and informal support for sick, disabled or elderly people in the context of increasing female labour market participation and the introduction of cash allowances to pay for care and posits a new look at both disabled people and older people in their roles as active citizens, whose views and experiences should help shape both policy and practice. “Cash and care" is essential reading for students, lecturers and researchers in social policy, applied social science, social work, and health and social care.
